ID: 56512
Title: Chemical characterization of rain water in a seasonally dry tropical region (Varanasi), India
Author: Jitendra Pandey, Ashima Singh
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Rain water, heavy metal, nutrient ions, crustal aerosols, atmospheric deposition
Abstract: Rain water samples, covering 44 rain events of 2008 and 52 rain events of 2009, were collected at urban and suburban locations of Varanasi and analyzed for pH, conductivity and for metal and nutrient ions. The pH of rainwater varied between 6.3 and 7.9, with over 70% of samples having alkaline range. Volume weighed mean concentration of ions indicated Ca2+ (11.62 - 41.60 ?eq l-1) to be the most dominant species followed by SO42- (4.7 - 25.2?eq l-1), Na+ (1.60 - 10.25 ?eq l-1), Mg2+(0.22-7.21 ?eq l-1), (NO3-(0.73-4.02?eq l-1), K+(0.50-3.70?eq l-1) and PO43-(0.02-0.97?eq l-1) respectively. Among the heavy metals, Cr (12.60 to 44.60 ?eq l-1), Zn (4.25 to 34.55 ?eq l-1) and Mn (10.62 to 28.40 ?eq l-1) were found to be the dominant component of rain water. The varimax rotation of PCA resulst extracted four major factors namely urban-industrial emission, crustal aerosols, wind transport and biomass burning accounting for 80% of the total variance. The study has relevance in establishing cause-effect relationships for terrestrial as well as for aquatic ecosystems.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56511
Title: Hatchery production of the clownfish Amphiprion nigripes at Agatti island, Lakshadweep, India
Author: T T Ajith Kumar, M Gopi, K V Dhaneesh, R Vinoth, S Ghosh, T Balasubramanian, T Shunmugaraj
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Hatchery production, Amphiprion nigripes, embryonic development, larval rearing, photoperiod
Abstract: Healthy individuals of matured clownfish, Amphiprion nigripes and sea anemone, Heteractis magnifica were collected from the Agatti island lagoon by snorkeling. During ' conditioning ' for 3 months, pair formation occurred and the same were transferred to rectangular fiber glass spawning tanks of 1000 l capacity. Suitable water quality parameters were maintained. The fishes were fed with tuna eggs, boiled clam meat, squid, octopus and trash fish thrice in a day. Reproductive behaviour and embryonic developmetn were documented. Spawning took place in between 0900-1100 hr and hatched - out occurs, after sunset following an incubation period of 8-9 days. Size of the newly laid egg was 2.0-2.2 mm in length and 1.0-1.2 mm in width. The larval rearing tanks were maintained with UV-treated water and followed the optimal physico-chemical parameters as in the parent tanks. The different light regimes and diets were used for the successful larval rearing. The maximum larval survival (61%) was achieved at the photoperiod of 24 L/0D. Within 15-17 days, the larvae metamorphosed and took up parent colouration and comparatively high growth rate was observed when fed on algae enriched rotifer than those with poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56510
Title: Laboratory observations on the larvicidal efficacy of three plant species against mosquito vectors of malaria, Dengue/Dengue hemorrhagic-fever (DF/DHF) and lymphatic filariasis in the semi-arid desert
Author: S K Bansal, Karam V Singh, Sapna Sharma, M R K Sherwani
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Vector mosquito, larvicidal, desert plants, semi-arid region
Abstract: Comparative larvicidal efficacy of aqueous and organic solvent extracts from seeds, leaves and flowers of three desert plants viz. Calotropis procera (Aiton), Tephrosia purpurea (L.)Pers and Prosopis juliflora (Sw) DC. was evaluated against Anopheles stephensi (Liston), Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). For this purpose larvae of all the three mosquito species were reared in the laboratory and studies carried out on late 3rd or early 4th instars using standard WHO technique. Based on concentration mortality data 24 and 48 hr LC50 and LC90 values along with their 95% fiducial limits, regression equation, chi-square (x2)/heterogeneity of the response were determined by log probit regression analysis. Experiments were carried out with different solvent extracts of seeds of C. procera which revealed that methanol (24 hr LC50: 127.2, 194.8, 361.0) and acetone (229.9, 368.1, 193.0 mg l-1) extracts were more effective with the three mosquito species, respectively. Petroleum ether extract was effective only on An. stephensi while aqueous extracts were not effective at all with any of the mosquito species (mortality < 10-30%). Tests carried out with methanol extracts of fresh leaves (24 hr LC50: 89.2, 171.2, 369.7) and flowers (24 hr LC50: 94.7, 617.3, 1384.0 mg l-1) of Calotropis showed that preparations from fresh parts were 2-3 times more effective as compared to the stored plant parts. Efficacy was less than 10-30% with both An. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus while An. stephensi was still susceptible to extracts from both leaves and flowers even after two years of storage. The 24 hr LC50 values as observed for methanol extracts of seeds of T. purpurea and leaves of P. juliflora were 74.9, 63.2 and 47.0 and 96.2, 128.1,and 118.8 mg l-1 for the above three mosquito species, respectively. Experiments carried out up to 500 mg l-1 with leaves (T. purpurea) and seeds (P. juliflora) extracts show only up to 10-30% mortality indicating that active larvicidal principle may be present only in the seeds of Tephrosia and leaves of Prosopis. In general, anophelines were found more susceptible than the culicines to the plant derived derivatives. More studies are being carried out on some other desert plants found in this arid region. The study would be of great importance while formulating vector control strategy based on alternative plant based insecticides in this semi-arid region.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56509
Title: Effect of environmental impact to molecular expression of heat-shock protein (HSP70) in oyster Crassostrea gigas from Gamak bay, Korea
Author: Eun-Seob Cho, Hee-Dong Jeong
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: HSP70, gene expression, oyster, Environmental impact
Abstract: The cDNA of Crassostrea gigas HSP70 was cloned and rapid amplification of cDNA (RACE) techniques were used. The full length of HSP70 c DNA was 2045 bp, consisting of a 5 ' terminal untraslated region (UTR) of 80 bp, a 3 ' terminal UTR 146 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1829 bp encoding deduced 620 amino acids. The HSP70 cDNA contained HSP70 family signatures, ATP-GTP binding site motif, tetrapeptide (GGMP) and conserved carboxyl terminal region (EEVD) at C-terminal of deduced amino acid sequence. BLAST analysis revealed that teh HSP70 gene ahs an extreme similarity of 98.9% with C. gigas (AF144646). Northern blotting was used to examine the expression of HSP70 mRNA in the gill tissue of the oyster obtained from surface, middle and bottom layers. The HSP70 mRNA observed the samples taken from middle and bottom layers in September and February, but samples from the surface layer did not find a signal intensity of HSP70 mRNA transcript. Consequently, it seems that the oyster occurring middle and bottom layer have been stressed during the period of summer and winter, which is associated with the massive mortality in Gamak by
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56508
Title: Reproductive activities of Heliotropium indicum isolate against Helopeltis theivora and toxicity evaluation in mice
Author: A K Dolui, Manabendra Debnath, B De, Atul Kumar
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Helopeltis theivora, Insecticidal properties, Heliotropium indicum, Reproductive inhibition
Abstract: A new compound E was isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of Heliotropium indicum by chromatographic fractionation. In the present study, the effect of the compound E on reproduction of Helopeltis theivora has been evaluated. The acute toxicity study (LD50) and sub-acute toxicity studies (haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters) in albino Swiss mice were carried out to evaluate the safety aspect of the compound E. The compound showed significant inhibitory effect on the reproductive life of H. theivora. The oviposition period, fecundity and hatching percentage of H. theivora were found to be 15.67 days, 39.33 and 28.00% respectively after treatment with 2% compound E, whereas the control value were found to be 20.33 days, 77.67 and 77.33% respectivley. The LD50 of the compound was found to be 780 mg kg-1in Swiss albino female mice. The compound did not show any toxicity in mice at sub-lethal dose treatment (78 mg kg-1b.wt., once daily) for 21 days as evident from different haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters in compound E treated group when compared with control.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56507
Title: Population dynamics of free living, nitrogen fixing bacteria Azospirillum in Manakkudi mangrove ecosystem, India
Author: S Ravikumar, M Gnanadesigan, S Thadedus Maria Ignatiammal, S Sumaya
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Azospirillum, ecosystem, mangrove forest, nutrient cycle
Abstract: Seasonal variations of population dynamics of free living nitrogen fixing bacteria, Azospirillum in relation to chemical parameters in Manakkudi mangrove ecosystem was assessed in root and rhizosphere soil samples of mangroves and mangrove associated plants. In rhizosphere soil and root samples, the counts of Azospirillum were recorded maximum in Acrostichum aureum as 8.63 +0.92x104 and 115.48 +17.36 x104 CFU g-1, respectively. The counts of Azospirillum in non-rhizosphere soil varied from 0.01 +0.001 x 104 to 5.77+0.92 x 104CFU g-1and found maximum in February and minimum in March and September. Azospirillum counts in water samples were found maximum (2.24 x 104 CFU l-1) in February. During seasonal variations maximum counts of Azospirillum were recorded during southwest monsoon season in Avicennia officinalis (1.40 x 104 CFU g-1) followed by Rhizophora mucronata (1.07 x 104 CFU g-1). The average maximum population density of Azospirillum counts was found during non monsoon season (9.73 x 104CFU g-1) and the average maximum population density of Azospirillum counts was found with the mangrove associated root samples (13.73 x 104 CFU g-1). Of the selected isolates Azospirillum lipoferum (60%) was found to be predominant followed by Azospirillum brasilense (25%), Azospirillum irakense (5%), Azospirillum halopraeferens (5%) and Azospirillum amazonense (5%). Of the isolated species, A. halopraeferens exhibited better growth at 35 g l-1 NaCl. The level of Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were varied from 0.91 to 15.93 ppm. The level of Mn (12.13ppm) was found maximum during non-monsoon of rhizosphere soil sample. Highest rainfall (192.80 mm) and atmospheric temperature (25.100C) were recorded during south west monsoon and non monsoon seasons. The increased population density was greatly influenced by tthe pH (r = + 0.686). The present finding provides enough information on the nitrogen flow through biological process in Manakkudi mangrove ecosystem which can be useful for the effective implementation of mangrove management plan.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56506
Title: Protective effects of amlodipine on mitochondrial injury in ischemic reperfused rat heart
Author: Najam Ali Khan, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay, Abhijeet Pawdey, Kamal Kishore, Arun Kumar Wahi
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Ischemic-reperfusion injury, Amlodipine, reactive oxygen species
Abstract: The most significant finding of the present study was the release of nitric oxide (NO). The effect of amlodipine on NO production associated with ischemic reperfused (IR) injury was investigated in rat heart model. Cardiac tissues from animal groups were processed for biochemical, histopathological and electron microscopic studies. There was a significant incrase in myocardial catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) enzymes in amlodipine treated group (1.37, 10.27, 6.39) when compared to IR injured group (0.81, 6.87, 4.53). Histopathology studies showed amlodipine reduce cardiocyte damage in cardiac injury during the cardiac IR. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) study confirmed the cardioprotective role of amlodipine against IR induced cardiac injury. On the basis of findings, it is hypothesized that a portion of the beneficial actions of amlodipine may involve the release or action of NO and probably by its antioxidant properties.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56505
Title: Studies on phytoplankton characteristics in Ayyampattinam coast, India
Author: C Santhosh Kumar, P Perumal
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Physical parameters, inorganic nutrients, phytoplankton, species diversity
Abstract: Physico-chemical variables in the marine environment are subjected to wide spatio-temporal variations. The various physico-chemcial parameters viz: temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients of the environment are the factors which mainly influence the production and successful propagation of planktonic life in the coastal biotopes The ranges of values of surface water temperature (00C), salinity (%), pH and dissolved oxygen (ml l-1) were: 25.5 - 33.4; 23-35; 7.8-8.2; 3.6-5.2, respectively. The values (?gl-1) of nutrients wre: nitrate 3.21 - 6.34, nitrite 0.74 -0.896, phosphate 0.22 and 1.16, silicate 24.85- 61.92 and ammonia 0.05-0.32. The recorded values of primary productivity (mgcm-3hr-1) ranged between 16-116 and the chlorophyll "a" varied from 3.74 -8.52. A total number of 51 species of phytoplankton representing different classes viz: Bacillariophyceae (40); Dinophyceae (8); Chlorophyceae (1) and Cyanophyceae (2) was recorded. Among the four classes, Bacillariophyceae appeared to be the dominant group in respect of total species and cell numbers. The population density of phytoplankton was high during summer season and quite low during monsoon season.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56504
Title: Comparative study on growth, yield and carbon content in Pongamia pinnata under water stress and urea supplementation
Author: S Gnaana Saraswathi, S Ezhilarasi
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Water stress, growth parameters, Pongamia pinnata, semi-arid ecosystem
Abstract: The growth, yield, and carbon content of eight-month old seedlings of Pongamia pinnata were compared under water and urea supplementation. One set of plants were subjected to water stress condition (WS), whereas the other supplied with 2 g of urea (WS + U) under WS. Both the experimental set ups were exposed to varying treatment levels which include full irrigation (100%, control) followed by 75% (T1), 50% (T2), 25% (T3) and 12.5% (T4). The growth, leaf area and relative water content were maximum under WS when compared to WS + U (p<0.001). The maximum biomass was produced in the seedlings under WS in control (1.68 g) followed by T1 (1.38 g), T2 (1.53 g), T3 (0.93 g) and T4 (0.73g). A significant (p<0.001) reduction in biomass production was observed in WS + U in control (1.28g), T1 (0.66 g), T2 (1.13 g) and T3 (0.44 g). T4 of WS+U showed similar biomass (0.73 g ) as that of T4 of WS. Under WS, the highest biomass allocation was recorded in shoots followed by leaves and roots. Similar trend was observed in WS+U. However, the percentage of allocation was more in the roots of WS+U (27.2%) when compared to WS (22.24%). The highest amount of carbon content was observed in control plants treated under WS (9.59 g) followed by control plants of WS + U (7.31 g) (p<0.001). The results of the preliminary study clearly indicated that P. pinnata seedlings were able to cope-up with water stress conditions without urea application and can perform well in 50% water availability and is best suited for the plantation programs in the semi-arid ecosystems.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56503
Title: Adsorption, desorption and mobility of metsulfuron-methyl in soils of the oil palm agroecosystem in Malaysia
Author: B S Ismail, K E Ooi
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Adsorption, desorption, metsulfuron-methyl, mobility, leaching
Abstract: Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate adsorption, desorption and mobility of metsulfuron-methyl in soils of the oil palm agroecosystem consisting of the Bernam, Selangor, Rengam and Bongor soil series. The lowest adsorption of metsulfuron- methyl occurred in the Bongor soil (0.366 ml g-1), and the highest in the Bernam soil (2.837 ml g-1),The Kfads (Freundlich) values of metsulfuron - methyl were 0.366, 0.560, 1.570 and 2.837 ml g-1in Bongor, Rengam, Selangor and Bernam soil, respectively. The highest Kfdes value of metsulfuron-methyl, observed in the Bernam soil, was 2.563 indicating low desorption 0.280 (relatively strong retention). In contrast, the lowest Kfdes value of 0.564 was observed for the Bongor soil, which had the lowest organic matter (1.43%) and clay content (13.2%). Soil organic matter and clay content were the main factors affecting the adsorption of metsulfuron-methyl. The results of the soil column leaching studies suggested that metsulfuron-methyl has a moderate potential for mobility in the Bernam and Bongor soil series with 19.3% and 39%, respectively for rainfall at 200 mm. However, since metsulfuron-methyl is applied at a very low rate (the maximum field application rate used was 30 g ha-1) and is susceptible to biodegradation, the potential for ground water contamination is low.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56502
Title: The wild flora biodiversity in pesticide free bufferzones along old hedgerows
Author: L C Andresen, J Nothlev, K Kristensen, S Navntoft, I Johnsen
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Bufferstrips, field margin management, hedge, herbicide, insecticide
Abstract: The natural field margin ecotone from the field border and into a cropped filed hosts a diversity of plant species. In conventional croped fields, biodiversity suffers from fertilizer and pesticide appliation. In our study at Danish conventional spring-barley fields, we laid out bufferzones with no pesticide application spraying after sowing, with the widths: 24, 12, 6 and 4 m (and control) to the field edge hedgerow. Through one season: plant species number, biodiversity and evenness for each bufferzone at the distances: 18, 9, 5, 2 and 0 m from the hedgerow were significantly affected by distance to the hedge and by width of bufferzone. The bufferzones affected: species number (total of 92 weed species), species diversity (1.27 to 0.44) and species evenness index (0.63 to 0.87), revealed that the bufferzone of 24 m gave the largest improvement of the field margin for plants. Decreasing the bufferzone widths provided smaller biodiversity and larger evenness of plants at distances larger than the buffer width: the distance at which diversity (Shannons) was reduced by half the difference between hedge-and field diversity was 1.2, 3.1, 6.7, 10.8 and 10.9 m in bufferwidth treatments of 0, 4, 6, 12 and 24 m ; likewise, the half-way distance for Smiths and Wilsons evenness index was 1.2, 1.7, 5.4, 14.0 and 30.2 m in the bufferwidth treatments of 0, 4, 6,12 and 24 m. Based on modelled diversity and evenness indexes a positive effect of buffer was evident from 6 m bufferzone. The average diversity over the distances from 0 to 18 m was 0.66, 0.75, 0.98, 1.14 and 1.11 in bufferwidth treatments of 0, 4, 6,12 and 24 m and the average evenness over the distances from 0 to 18 m was 0. 82, 0.80, 0.74, 0.66 and 0.63 in bufferwidth treatments of 0, 4, 6, 12 and 24 m. Furthermore, the accumulated number of species revealed that a bufferzone width of at least 6 m was needed to significantly increase the species richness at all distances between 2 and 18 m. At 18 m distance, the accumulated number of species was 37.1, 39.7, 41.2, 42.2 and 42.7 in bufferwidth treatments of 0, 4, 6, 12 adn 24 m.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56501
Title: Studies on phyto-genotoxic assessment of tannery effluent and chromium on Allium cepa
Author: Kiran Gupta, Sumati Gaumat, Kumkum Mishra
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Genotoxicity, tannery effluent, Allium cepa, Chromosomal aberrations
Abstract: Tannery effluent contributes significantly to pollution of the environment. In this study, phytotoxic and genotoxic effects of tannery effluent and chromium (Cr) were investigated in Allium cepa. For this purpose, tannery effluent was collected from "Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket" (U.A.S.B) Jajmau, Kanpur. A. cepa were exposed to various concentrations of tannery effluent (0.0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.50, 25.0%) and Cr (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 mg l-1) for 48 and 168 hr. The perusal of data revealed that the physico-chemical characteristics of tannery effluent viz. pH (8.5), EC (11.94 dSm-1), BOD (499 mgl-1), COD 1382 mgl-1) and Cr content (2.32 mg l-1) were much higher than the prescribed permissible limit for industrial effluent discharged into inland waters. These substances provoked phytotoxic and genotoxic effects in A. cepa. Total chlorophyll and protein content in leaves of tannery effluent and Cr treated plants decreased significantly in dose-duration dependent manner. A maximum decrease of 86.29 and 84.26% in total chlorophyll and 81.27 and 76.16% in protein content was observed after 168 hr of exposure while carotenoid content increased up to 6.25% effluent and 2.0 mg l-1Cr treatment and decreased further. In all treated plants, a significant (P>0.05) reduction in root length, mitotic index (MI) and induction in chromosomal (CA)/mitotic (MA) aberration and micronuclei (MNC) were observed as compared to unstressed plants. A maximum reduction of 81.15 and 79.71% in MI, and induction of 6.8 and 4.8% in CA, 29.24 and 26.66% in MA and 0.52 and 0.43% in MNC were found at 12.50% effluent and 4 mg l-1Cr treated plants as compared to unstressed plants, however at highest effluent and Cr concentration both the plants showed pyknosis condition after 168 hr.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56500
Title: Colonization of probiotic bacteria and its impact on ornamental fish Puntis conchonius
Author: K R Divya, A Isamma, S Sureshkumar, T S Arunjith
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Probiotics, enrichmetn, Puntius conchonius, thermocyclops decipiens
Abstract: The present study was conducted to assess the establishment and effect of probiotic bacteria such as Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mesentericus, and Bifidobacterium infantis in the gut of freshwater ornamental fish Puntius conchonius. Postlarvae of 60 days old Puntius conchonius divided in four experimental groups each with three replicates. T1, T2 and T3 groups were fed with Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus mesentericus and Bifidobacterium infantis enriched copepod Thermocyclops decipiens respectively. T0 was the control group (without probiotic treated T. decipiens). The experiment was conducted for 45 days. The initial gut analysis of fish showed significant level of pathogenic bacteria in the gut of fish (p<0.05). Total plate count of initial gut analysis of fish larvae were enumerated as 1.2 x 104 CFU ml-1. The bacteriological study indicated that find gut microflora of post-larvae have decreased levelof pathogens. Total plate count of T1, T2, T3 adn T0 were reported to be as 1.08 x 104, 1.06 x 104, 1.27 x 104 and 2.1 x 105 CFU ml-1, respectively. Three experimental groups (T1, T2 and T3) were significantly different from control group (T0) (p<0.05). At the end of the experiment, establishment of probiotics were examined. One week after probiotics administration, gut analysis of fish larvae showed, poor spore formation of Bacillus coagulans (2.3 x 103 CFU ml-1), when compared to B. mesentericus (3.2+ 0.03x 103 CFU ml-1) and Bifidobacterium infantis (3.1 x 103CFU ml-1). The results from the study suggest that the probiotic bacteria significantly established in gut of P. conchonius and significant effects on the pathogenic gut inhabitants of the fish.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56499
Title: Studies on the identification and control of pathogen Saprolegnia in selected Indian major carp fingerlings at mid hill altitude
Author: S K Das, K Murmu, A Das, I Shakuntala, R K Das, S V Ngachan, S K Majhi
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Saprolegnia, Pathogenic fungi, major crap
Abstract: The Indian major carp cultured in ponds in the North Eastern hilly states of India frquently suffer from fungal disease during winter months resulting in mass mortality. This study examined the pathogenic fungi isolated from farmed raised Indian major carp fingerlings and identified as Saprolegnia. For treatment, the diseased fish were exposed to 4 g salt per litre of water for 2 min followed by dip treatment with 5 ppm KMnO4 for 10 min, thrice every week for a period of 6 weeks. The treatment resulted in recovery from the disease after 6 weeks from the beginning of treatment. Soon after recovery, the pond management practices such as removal of pond bottom soil, application of lime and replenishment with freshwater were followed in the infected ponds. Our study concluded that rapid decrease in pond water temperature from 22 to 80C that remains low for months together coupled with increased water pH (9) and decrease dissolved oxygen (4ppm) causes saprolegniasis to the fingerlings of Indian major carps.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56498
Title: Molecular typing of mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis populations from different hosts and locations in Punjab, India
Author: Satnam Singh, Rakesh Sharma, Rajinder Kumar, V K Gupta, V K Dilawari
Editor: Dr. R. C. Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 3, May 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Cotton, genetic diversity, mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis
Abstract: True identity and existence of genetic variability in mealy bug from different regions holds immense significance for adopting appropriate control measures along with predicting the development of any biotypes. Mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis adults were collected from four host plants i.e., Gossypium hirsutum - cotton (C), Abelmoschus esculentus - okra (O), Pennisetum glaucum - Napier Bajra (B) and a weed-Parthenium hysterophorus (P) in five cotton growing districts i.e., Abohar, Bathinda, Mansa, Muktsar and Faridkot of Punjab state. Variability among different populations was investigated through comparative analysis of four different RAPD markers. The genetic similarity dendrogram established that irrespective of the host plant and the collection site, 20 mealybug populations were distinguishable into two major clades that were related to each other by 68%. Clade 1 included populations from Abohar district; it also included a single population each from Muktsar and Bathinda districts. The populations from all the other districts were grouped under Clade 2 with genetic similarity of 78% Even under Clade 2, individual populations appeared to exist in location specific sub-clades. Thus, there is great possibility of development of biotypes which may differ in resistance to insecticides and host plant specificity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None