ID: 56542
Title: Evaluation mathematical modeling in biological science research set up- A case study
Author: John Jebaraj
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Research organization, biological science research, mathematical modeling
Abstract: Recently the biological sciences research organization in India and abroad ignored the importance of mathematical modeling techniques in their research process and gave no place in their research curriculum. In the present study the investigator applied random sampling on biological sciences research scholars, formulated four hypotheses connecting the innovative (compatibility, complexity) and implementation variables (utilization and satisfaction) and examined the relationship between them. Using regression analysis by SPSS, the results demonstrate that the two variables are significantly related. This implies that the implementation of Mathematical modeling in the biological sciences research organization was not successful.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56541
Title: Screening, characterisation and in vitro analysis of scorpion venom
Author: Savana Ram Kishore and Vuppu Suneetha
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mesobuthus tamulus, proteoid, Invitro analysis
Abstract: Industrial biotechnology is a recent science with miracles; even we can convert poisonous substances into useful and significant value added products. With the exception of snakes and bees, scorpions cause more deaths than any other non-parasitic group of animals. Above 5,000 people are thought to die each year from scorpion stings. Until now biochemical effects of Mesobuthus tamulus venom, which is accountable for a number of deaths of children in India, is not studied. In our study we collected more than 30 scorpions from the fields and hilly regions of Rajampet, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh. We studied the effect of chemical agents like alcohol, formaldehyde and iso-propanol on scorpion venom at various concentrations. After 120 hours it was exhibiting lesser effectiveness (venom activity) and is found to be functioning as anti-venom for scorpion bite and involving in prophylaxis within 2 minutes. The extract from scorpion glands appeared to be of proteoid nature which is less soluble in pure water and is soluble in saline solution, but insoluble in absolute alcohol and ether. The activity of the venom is neutralized by the prolonged action in alcohol majorly. The various screening methodologies, characterization of venom and in vitro analysis of scorpion venom will be discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56540
Title: Effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of protopectinase by Kluvyeromyces maxianus
Author: Kshama Murarkar and Pratima Shastri
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pectin, protopectin, protopectinase (PPase), Polygalacturonase (PGase), jaggery, Kluvyeromyces maxianus
Abstract: Pectin is present as insoluble protopectin between the middle lamella of cells. It liberates pectin on restrited hydrolysis by protopectinase (PPase) or can be extracted by acid hydrolysis method. Kluvyeromyces maxianus was used for PPase production using basal medium. Maximum PPase activity (32.034 + 1.307 ?/mL) was noted at 24 hrs whereas polygalacturonase (PGase) activity increased upto 48 hrs. Comparison of different carbon sources at 3% concentration indicated jaggery as the best source. PGase activity increased with increasing Jaggery concentration upto 5% whereas PPase activity decreased beyond 3%. Combination of peptone (0.6%) and yeast extract (0.2%) gave maximum PPase production suggested that media IV and V showed marginal enhancement (113.8%) of enzyme production, specific activity was decreased.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56539
Title: Stress responses as biomarkers of sensitivity in Labeo rohita exposed to lime treated sludge filtrate from paper and pulp industry
Author: S S Vutukuru, V V Prabhakara Rao and Y Anjaneyulu
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Lime treated sludge, paper and pulp mill Labeo rohita, Toxicity, stress responses, biomarkers
Abstract: In this study, Labeo rohita were exposed to filtrates from concentrated lime treated sludge, fly ash and sludge without lime treatment obtained from paper and pulp mill using static bioassay over a period of 96 h. Mortality (100%) was observed in concentrated lime treated sludge filtrate and 10% dilution within 24 h exposure indicating its toxic potential. Concentrated filtrate of lime treated sludge and its 10% dilution contained high concentrations of heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel etc which could have led to the mortality of the fish. Filtrates of fly ash (10% mortality) and without lime treatment (0% mortality) are non-toxic to fish. Vital physiological and biochemical responses like oxygen consumption and gill ventilation, ionic composition and total glycogen were examined in L. rohita exposed to 50% and 100% dilutions of lime treated sludge filtrate ove a period of 96 h. Though no mortality was observed, significant depression (P<0.01) in the metabolic rate of fish with increased ventilation frequency was seen from 48 h until 96 h in 50% dilution while it was insignificant in 100% dilution. A similar trend was also seen in the total glycogen content of the fish. Impaired osmoregulation due to disturbed ionic composition was observed in fish exposed to 50% dilution of the lime treated sludge filtrate while there is no such change in 100% dilution. These findings demonstrate that sludge from paper and pulp mills is toxic to fish and elicits subtle responses that can serve as early warnings of environmental deterioration.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56538
Title: Impact of mathematical modeling on modern sciences (Engineering and management): A case study on research scholars
Author: John Jebaraj
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Research organization, Engineering and management research, Mathematical modeling
Abstract: The successful innovative process in any engineering and management research is based on effective implementation of Mathematical modeling technology. Recently the engineering and management research organization in India and abroad ignored the importance of mathematical modeling techniques in their research process and gave no place in their research curriculum. In the present study the investigator applied random sampling on research scholars, formulated four hypotheses connecting the innovative and implements variables and examined the relation ship between the two variables. Using regression analysis by SPSS, The result demonstrates that the two variables are significantly related. This implies that the implementation of Mathematical modeling in the engineering and management research organization was not successful. The investigator tried to identify the factors that would determine successful implementation of Mathematical modeling in the engineering and research situation. It is critically important that mathematically trained and technologiclly competent research experts should be appointed and utilized as resources in the engineering and management research decision making bodies. Research organization with mathematical modeling facitlity should collaborate with those that lack them to afford all research scholars the opportunity to witness,learn from successful modeling related experiments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56537
Title: Coelomycetous fungal infection in rodents
Author: Manuel Thomas, K Abraham Samuel and Punnen Kurian
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Rodents, Coelomycetous fungal infection, fungi
Abstract: Here, we report skin and hair infection due to S. dimidiatum in R. norvegicus inhabiting Vembanad - Kol wetland agroecosystem. Though several human infections due to this fungus were noticed, to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of animal infection due to S. dimidiatum.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56536
Title: Isolation and screening of mangrove fungi for extracellular enzyme production
Author: V V Gilna and K M Khaleel
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mangrove soil, Fungi, extracellular enzymes
Abstract: Five fungal isolates isolated from mangrove soil were identified by morphological, cultural and microscopic examinations. The identified strains belong to Aspergillus spp and Trichoderma spp. All the strains were assessed for the production of extracellular enzymes (Amylase, Protease, Lipase, Cellulase, and Tannase) by culture plate method. The development of clear zone was regarded as positive result for enzyme activity and the zone diameters of the respective fungi were recorded.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56535
Title: Isolation and screening for fungal amylases, cellulases and ligninases in forest soils of Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India
Author: Shivakumar P Banakar and B Thippeswamy
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Soil fungi, screening, extracellular enzymes
Abstract: Forest soil is highly rich in nutrient composition by the process of nutrient recycling mediated by saprophytic microorganisms. Present study was carried out for the isolation of soil fungi in the Dry Deciduous forest and screened for the production of extracellular enzymes. Soil sample was collected in the winter season by random mixed sampling method. Serial dilution method was followed for the collected soil sample to isolate and characterize the fungal species on Czapek Dox Agar and Martin ' s Rose Bengal Agar media. Isolated and characterized 30 fungal species and they were screened for the production of industrially important fungal enzymes like, Amylase, Cellulases and Ligninases. Among them Cordana pauciseptata, Penicillium sp. and Penicillium javanicum (Amylases), Mucor sp. (Cellulases) and Trichoderma viridae, Mucor hiemenis (Ligninase) show good activity than other isolates.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56534
Title: Detection and sequence analysis of Lig B and Lsa 21 genes of leptospires fields isolates
Author: M Anandachitra, V Jayakumar and B Murali Manohar
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Leptosirosis, Lig B, Lsa 21, sequence analysis
Abstract: Novel leptospiral antigens like Lig A, B and Lsa 21 were identified through screening of genomic DNA expression libraries with patient and infected animal sera and appeared to be preferentially expressed during host infection. Hence, the present study was attempted to detect these immunogenic proteins in field isolated leptospires and compare their sequences with the published reference strains. Field isolates of leptospires were identified as L. interrogans serovar australis and L. interrogans serovar hebdomadis by RAPD-PCR and using reference serum. Lig B and Lsa 21 genes were amplified in both field isolated leptospires with the amplicon size of 1100 bp and 540 bp respectively. Lig B nucleotide sequences were having 93-100% identity with Lig B sequences of several L. interrogans serovars and strains and only 91-92% identity with L. krischneri serovars and strains. Lsa 21 nucleotide sequences are having 100% identity with query coverage of 97-100% with the predicted hypothetical protein sequences of L. interrogans serovar copenhageni and Lai for which complete genome sequences are available. From this study, we interpret that Lsa 21 is more conserved than LigB protein in leptospires. Predicted amino acid sequences of both sequences revealed that they consist of mainly beta-pleated sheet with no or less alpha helical secondary structure. These predicted proteins are more hydrophilic with less hydrophobic regions and are more antigenic. This study indirectly will help in the usefulness of these recombinant protein based serodiagnosis and vaccine research.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56533
Title: Seasonal changes in structurally dominant bacteria of clay mining site at Kerala ceramics limited in Kerala, India
Author: V Salom Gnana Thanga
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Structurally dominant bacteria, clay mining, acidophilic bacteria
Abstract: Clays, the active mineral portion of soils, are colloida and most clay is crystalline. Clays have a net negative charge which will attract and hold positively charged ions (cations). The amounts of these positive cations held by clays vary with the kind of clay. This study pertains to the characteristics of soil in a clay mining site of Kerala Ceramics Limited (KCL) at Kundara, Kollam district Kerala. Kaolin or china clay is wide spread and Kaolinite is the dominant mineral fraction. It influences the microbial activity. The main objective of this work was to attain a knowledge of bacterial diversity in the clay mining site at KCL. A special emphasis placed on the bacteria because of their multiple roles in environmental microbiology. For the purpose of this work, samples were collected from three different sites during premonsoon season (April, 2009) and monsoon season (July, 2009). Various morphological and biochemical tests were carried out for the identification of structurally dominant bacteria and also various physico-chemical characters of soil was analyzed. Most of the structurally dominant bacteria identified from the clay soil were gram negative and are highly acidophilic in nature.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56532
Title: Lime potential and soil reaction of soils in different electrolytes under different land use systems
Author: H V Rudramurthy, Y P Shipashree and E T Puttaiah
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Soil reaction, lime potential, electrolytes, water, KCl, CaCl2 and land use system
Abstract: Soil reaction was acidic in the soils under all the land use ecosystems with exception to sub soil horizons of soil under mixed forest and solum of the soil under arecanut land use ecosystem, where soil reaction was mildly alkaline and neutral respectively. Both soil reaction and lime potential showed increasing trend with depth in the soils under all the land use ecosystems with exception to that of current fallow land use ecosystem. Strong and positive correlation existed among pH values in different electrolytes and lime potential. Correlation study also indicated that soil properties other than electricity conductivity and organic carbon were significantly correlated with both soil reaction and lime potential either positively or negatively.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56531
Title: Effect of vermicompost on soil microbial and enzyme activities
Author: A Srilakshmi, G N K Sravani, G Narasimha and D V R Saigopal
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Vermicompost, physico-chemical, biological properties, protease, invertase activities
Abstract: The goal of the present investigation was to study the impact of vermicompost on soil physico-chemical , biological and enzyme activities. Improved physico-chemical properties were observed in vermicompost than untreated soil which includes pH 7.4-7.8, WHC 0.36-0.78 mL/g of soil, EC 0.06-1.84?mhos/cm, phosphorus content 35-223 kg/h, potassium content 291-845 kg/h. The biological properties such as bacterial and fungal population was enumerated and expressed in terms of CFU/g of soil. Higher microbial population was found in vermicompost than untreated soil. Vermicompost was incorporated into the untreated soil at percentages of 5 and 10. Then incubation studies were carried out for the analysis of enzyme activities such as protease and invertase. The enzyme activities were measured with addition of substrates (1% casein for protease, 18mM sucrose for invertase). With increase in soil incubation days and percentage of compost, these two enzyme activities increased by 2-3 folds at seventh day, thereafter declined at 14 adn 21 day of intervals.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56530
Title: Biological elimination of minerals from high ash coal by Aspergillus-like fungi
Author: B Manoj, C D Elcey and K S Binu
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biodegradation, coal characterization, CHNS & proximate analysis, FTIR, SEM, Aspergillus niger
Abstract: Efficiency of filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus niger on the bio-liquefaction of low rank Indian coals, its chemical composition, surface characteristics of the products and the microbial mechanisms of coal conversion were studied. Virgin and bio-liquefied / solubilized coal samples were characterized using FT-IR, Scanning electron microscopy and CHNS and proximate analysis. The micrographs were bright field and reveal several features correspond to the mineral grains comprising of aluminium, silicates and calcites. The absence of some morphological features corresponds to inorganic elements in residual samples which confirm demineralisation with the possible formation of respective Aluminium and Silicate complexes. The change in absorption of mineral matter functional group of these coal samples were studied using Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR). From the proximate analysis it was found that the ash content decreased by 76% when treated with fungal culture.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56529
Title: Ecology and diversity of Dipterocarp forests in Western Ghats of Karnataka, India
Author: Nageeb A, Al-Sagheer and A G Devi Prasad
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Diameter, Dipterocarp forests, height classes, regeneration, tree species
Abstract: The regenerated tree species were investigated in eight populations of Dipterocarp forests in Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. The highest diversity in tree species and regenerated species was observed in the populations of Mudigere, Sakleshpura and Makuta. These populations were characterized by favourable locality factors and fewer disturbances. High dissimilarity in species composition and regeneration of species was found in the population of Sringeri as compared to other populations. Trees with diameter class of 10-30 cm and height class of 10-30 m had the height frequency of number of individuals. The frequencies of regeneration classes (seedlings, saplings, poles and adult trees) have shown an inverse J shaped curve indicating the continuation process of regeneration under the present disturbance.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56528
Title: Anti-leptospiral activity of Andrographis paniculata extract
Author: M Anandachitra, S Ramesh, V Jayakumar and B Murali Manohar
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Leptospirosis, Andrographis paniculata, Herbal extracts, microbroth dilution
Abstract: Plants have been a valuable source of natural products for maintaining human and animal health, especially in the last decade with more intensive studies for natural therapies. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, occurs mostly in tropical and subtropical developing countries and is caused by spirochetes of genus Leptospira. Treatment of leptospirosis includes antibiotics and supportive therapy to cure and to improve the health of the patients. Hence, holistic approaches are needed to treat the patients. Many herbal extracts exert not only antibiotic activity but also exhibit other activities like immune enhancer etc. In this study, we had used 11 herbal extracts to evaluate their anti-leptospiral activities and only Andrographis paniculata extracts had shown this property. The MIC 90 and MIC 50 for Andrographis paniculata extract were 62.5 ?g and 31?g respectivley for all leptospiral serovar tested. From our study, it has been inferred that the Andrographis paniculata extract hold good promise as it is proved to have anti-leptospiral activity against all species of Leptospira serovars tested. The wide tissue and organ distribution and the hepato-protective, immune stimulating action of Andrographis paniculata with anti-leptospiral activity makes it an ideal candidate for the preventive and treatment of leptospirosis.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None