ID: 56752
Title: Study of non-conventional low cost adsorbents for treatment of phenolic waste: A mini review
Author: Rupali Jha, Sarita Sharma, Ashok Sharma and Sanjay Verma
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: adsorption, non-coventional adsorbents, low cost adsorbents, agricultural waste, natural material, biosorbent, phenol
Abstract: The study reviews the use of non-conventional adsorbents for removal of phenol from wastewater. The naturally available waste like banana peel, litter leaf, coffee skin & residue, oil palm fruit bunches, tendu leaf, hazelnut bagases, tea waste, saw dust, clays, human hair waste, waste tyre rubber granules and many other investigated by authors for adsorption of phenol. Past years research in this area was mainly aimed at recovery of valuable adsorbent from readily available natural and agricultural waste. However it is still to find out the practical utility of such developed adsorbent on large scale and safe economical and eco friendly disposal of spent adsorbent. The study presents an overview of the potential use of some natural low cost adsorbents which could give effective results of adsorption of phenol.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56751
Title: Physico-chemical analysis of Kelavarapalli Dam wate in Tamil Nadu
Author: G Prabhakaran, T Meenambal and N Ramesh
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, water quality, water pollution
Abstract: All physico-chemical parameters such as pH, chloride, sulphate, fluoride, ammonia, phosphate, etc., indicated contamination posing serious problems to human health. Due to the presence of large amount of ammonia and phosphate, which imparts the odour and colour to the water, is unfit for consumption. This study indicates that some remedial steps are urgently needed as the water quality is unsatisfactory.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56750
Title: Geospatial variation of groundwater quality in erode city, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: N Rajkumar, T Subramani and L Elango
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Groundwater quality, Geospatial variation, Erode City
Abstract: Groundwater quality is very important in evaluating its utility for agricultural, domestic and industrial purposes. Groundwater always contains some amount of chemical substances, and their concentration is a function of the inital composition, rainfall, land use, type of surrounding rocks, and the recharge processes. Erode city, the head quarters of Erode District, Tamil Nadu is located on the bank of Cauvery river, and lies between 11017 ' N and 11023 ' N latitudes and 77040 ' E and 77046 ' E longitues. The aerial extend of the study area is about 120 km2. The major source of water supply is from the Cauvery River. Apart from the river water source, poeple in this region depend on groundwater for their needs. The present work aims to study the existing groundwater quality for which forty three groundwater samples were collected during February 2009 from the study area, and the samples were analyzed for its physical and chemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, Ca2+,Mg2+,Na2+,K+,Cl-, SO42-,CO32-,HCO3-, NO3-, and F-. The analytical results were compared with the Indian (BIS) and International (WHO) standards to know the suitability of water for drinking. Geospatial variation of various groundwater quality parameters were studied using Geographical Information System (GIS). The study indicates that some of the groundwater samples analyzed during February 2009 exceed the permissible limit for drinking. The study further indicates that the disposal of municipal wastes at three locations contaminates the groundwater system. There is no uniform pattern of groundwater flow is observed in this region.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56749
Title: Some sedimentological aspects of Vemband lake in Kerala, India
Author: George Sebastian, Mohan Thomas, T V Mathew and S Meenakshi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Vemband lake, Thanneermukkom barrage, Utrophication, loss on ignition, total soluble salts, Organic carbon, organic matter, Total nitrogen, Total phosphorus
Abstract: A study on sedimentological aspects (concentration of important chemical pollutants) of Vemband lake, Kerala, India was carried during 2009. The percentage distribution of sediment fractions indicated that the southern part of the lake was blanketed with sediments rich in clay and silt. The sand content generally increased towards the northern region. The physicochemical analysis revealed that the lake sediments were nutrient rich and acidic. Organic matter content was found to be very high. This may be due to high terrestrial input. Decomposition and decay of plant and animal materials, agricultural runoff, coir retting, lime-shell and sediment mining and tourism activities contribute towards organic pollution. LOI, TSS, TN and TP values were found to be high. High values of TSS and EC during pre-monsoon may be due to inorganic pollution and contribution from salinity of overlying water. Nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizer runoff from the paddy fields of Kuttanad supply large quantities of nitrogen and phosphorus. The southernmost locations were found to be the most polluted.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56748
Title: Spectrophotometric method development for determining iron (III) in environmental samples using 2-furohydroxamic acid (2-FHA)
Author: P K Pandey, R Trivedi and M Pandey
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Fe(III) analysis, aqueous media, spectrophotometry, Fe(III)-2-FHA, Environmental samples
Abstract: A new simple and selective spectrophotometric method for the determinatin of Fe(III) in various environmental samples like soil, biomass, particulates (SPM, RSPM) based on the formation of Fe(III)-2-FHA complex in aqueous medium has been established. A reddish brown complex show intense colour pH 5.0-5.5 ?max 480 nm. The tolerance limit of diverse ions examined is very high. The molar absorptivity and Sandell ' s sensitivity of the method with 2-FHA are 3.58 x 103 liter/mol/cm and 0.109 ? g/cm2 respectively. The relative standard deviation of the method is 0.01419 for the determination of 5?g/25 ml of Fe (III).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56747
Title: Assessment of impacts of health due to air pollution: A case study
Author: S Harinath and Usha N Murthy
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Air pollutants, irritation, impact
Abstract: Air pollution is causing a serious threat to public health in most of the urban centers in the developing countries. The ambient air quality levels in the city areas are degrading day after day. The situation is expected to be worsen further with the increase of population, unplanned industries, economic development and influxes of people from rural areas. In this study a social survey was conducted at selected Industrial areas in and around Bangalore city to investigate the effect of air pollution on the human health. It was found that these personnel were directly exposed to the pollution for nearly 8 to 10 hours per day. It is observed that public is suffering from respiratory disorders due to exposure of air pollution. This study also tried to reveal the impact of air pollution on human health and study recommended several strategies to control air pollution with an aim of improving existing air quality of the areas.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56746
Title: Development of soil profiles in constrasting climates: A case study from Southern India
Author: Benno Joseph, K P Thrivikramaji and Sabu Joseph
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Weathering, soil profile, tropical humid, semi-arid, Neyyar basin, Tambraparni basin
Abstract: Formation of soil profiles is a complex process involving several factors viz., climate, parent rock, relief, organic activity and time and therefore results in diverse profiles. Among these, climate plays the dominant role. Development of soil profiles and their constituent horizons (in terms of their thickness) formed under two constrasting climatic set up, viz., tropical humid (Neyyar basin, Kerala) and semi-arid (Tambraparni basin, Tamil Nadu), with similar geological setting in southern India are detailed in this study.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56745
Title: Assessment of impact of mass bathing on water quality of Shiv Sagar pond, Khajuraho, M P - A case study
Author: L N Gupta, J S Parihar, S P Parihar and G S Gupta
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Mass bathing, Shiv Sagar pond, BOD, COD and total coliform
Abstract: Present study deals with the assessment of mass bathing on water quality of Shiv Sagar pond, Khajuraho, M. P. Shiv Sagar pond is situated at a distance of 9 km from khajuraho Railway station in south direction. The total catchments area of pond was 75 x 102 square kilometer. Monitoring was performed on various occasions of mass bathing viz. Deepawali, Amavasya, Makar Sankranti, Maha Shivratri, etc. (all Hindu festivals). The parameters investigated were temperature, colour, odour, turbidity, transparency, pH, conductivity, total solids, dissolved solids, suspended solids, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, DO, BOD, COD, and total coliform. Values of BOD, COD, and total coliform exceeded from their respective permissible limits prescribed by WHO, CPCB and BIS. High values of above parameters were noticed due to the religious offering of various goods i.e. flowers, milk, wheat, rice, ghee, oil, flour, etc. in the pond by the large number of pilgrims or devotees. Except BOD, COD, and total coliform, values of all other parameters were found within their permissible limits.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56744
Title: Influence of supporting electrolyte and substituents on the electrochemical oxidation of synthetic dye and real polluted water
Author: S Anthuvan Babu, S Raja, S Sibi and S Venkatesan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Electrochemical oxidation, real polluted water, supporting electrolyte, Fast Blue B Salt (FBBS)
Abstract: In this paper the influence of Supporting Electrolyte and Substituent ' s of synthetic dye and real polluted water by electrochemical oxidation method was investigated. Synthetic dye consisting of Fast Blue B Salt (FBBS) was used as a model compound. Electrochemical degradation processes were performed using Graphite as an anode and Stainless Steel (304) as a cathode. In the bulk solution, the strong oxidizing potential of the chemicals were produced when the polluted water was passed through the electrolytic cell. The effect of several experimental parameters: pH, current, nature of the supporting electrolyte and substituent ' s at the aromatic ring on the degradation rate were investigated. The decomposition rate increases with the decrease of pH.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56743
Title: Aerobic co composting of organic fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and Sugar Mill Waste
Author: G Manjula and T Meenambal
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Municipal solid waste, Sugar mill waste, effective microorganisms, reactor
Abstract: Over the last few years, the rate of urbanization has increased manifold in Coimbatore city, India, leading to increased amount of solid waste generation which in turn causes disposal problems. The amount of waste generated has accelerated with growth in population. Hence the problem of solid waste management in urban areas is among the major challenges faced by governing bodies. In this study, a series of experimental studies were conducted with regard to bioconversion of organic fraction of Municipal solid waste along with sugar mill waste at different C/N ratios. About 10 kg of shredded waste containing Sugar mill waste, Saw dust and Municipal solid waste was placed in reactors in different proportions and 100 mL of effective micro-organisms was added to it. The variation in physical and chemical parameters was monitored throughout the process. The results indicate that co composting of sugar mill waste with Municipal solid waste produces high quality compost which can be used as soil conditioner.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56742
Title: Removal of BOD and alkalinity from water by soil biotechnology
Author: Jitendra Patidar, J K Shrivastava and Alka Shrivastava
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Constructed soil filter (CSF), soil biotechnology (SBT), wastewater purification, BOD and alkalinity removal
Abstract: Soil biotechnology (SBT) is a system for water renovation, which makes use of a formulated media process water and wastewater. The present study reports the performance of uncultured soil bioreactor in a laboratory to treat the waste water. This study gives a new approach for contaminant removal from municipal wastewater using constructed soil filter (CSF) in laboratory scale. Results shows pH of the effluenct is found to be in natural range (7.8-7.95). The bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD) reduced from 56+ 15 to 25+ 5 mg/L with % of removal is around 54%, and alkalinity reduced from 151+ 6 to 134+ 15 mg/L with % of removal is around 11%. In this experimental work a constructed soil filter system (CSF) has been configured for the treatment on soil ecosystem for waste water purification. No pretreatment, highremoval efficiency, very low energy requirement. The Sample of wastewater for processing is taken from drainage line at Mahasakti Nagar colony in Ujjain (M P).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56741
Title: A preliminary study on Abelmoschus esculentus fruit mucilage extract as coagulant-flocculent for turbid water treatment
Author: Varsha Patale, Jay Pandya and Kalpesh Mehta
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus, coagulant, flocculation, Kaolin, turbidity
Abstract: Lab scale experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of mucilage isolated from the fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus as flocculent for the treatment of turbid water samples containing synthetic turbidity of kaolin. Jar test experiments at optimum pH and time were carried out for 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 (NTU) levels of turbidity in the flocculent dose range, of 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.8 mg, 1.2 mg, 1.6 mg and 2.0 mg/L. The flocculation efficiency of Abelmoschus esculentus fruit mucilage at different turbidity levels and the effects fo flocculent dose on percent removal of turbidity are reported. At all the experimental turbidity levels, the increased flocculent dose increased the percentage of turbidity removal upto a certain level, beyond which further increase in dosage showed a decreasing trend in the removal. The optimum dose of the flocculent in the present study was found to be 0.4 mg/L. Abelmoschus esculentus mucilage has higher efficiency in removing high turbidity in comparison to low turbidity. Highest turbidity removal (96%) was obtained with very high, i.e., 100 NTU initial turbidity. The mucilage of Abelmoschus esculentus fruits is an ecofriendly and low cost anionic polysaccharide.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56740
Title: Physico-chemical analysis of some water samples in Rewa city (M P), India
Author: M K Bhatnagar, Mukesh Singh, Prachi Bhatnagar and Ashok Tripathi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Water samples, hardness, dissolved solids
Abstract: A non point source delivers pollutants indirectly through enviornmental changes. An example of this type of water pollution is when fertilizer from a field is carried into a stream by rain, in the form of run-off which in turn effects aquatic. life. The technology exists for point sources of pollution to be monitored and regulated, although political factors may complicate matters. Non point sources are much more difficult to control. Pollution arising from non point sources accounts for a majority of the contaminants in streams and lakes. The present work is an attempt to evaluate water condition (pollution level) in the Rewa city, M. P., India. Ground water and some surface water samples were collected to analyse water quality of this area. Some physico-chemical parameters which have been investigated are pH, hardness, total solids, chloride, sulphate, phosphate, BOD and COD. The water quality was not found suitable for drinking purposes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56739
Title: Histopathological changes induced by arsenic in the gill of fresh water fish, Labeo rohita
Author: K Pazhanisamy and N Indra
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Labeo rohita, Arsenic, gill, Pycnotic nuclei
Abstract: Studies on the histopathological effects of the two (lower and higher) different sublethal concentrations of arsenic (1/10th -0.27 ppm and 1/3rd -0.91 ppm of the 96 h LC50) on Labeo rohita revealed that these metallic salt is capable of producing damaged secondary lamellae and changes in its cellular levels in gill tissues. These were marked pathological changes like damaged vascular layer. curling of secondary lamellae, shortening of secondary lamellae in the gill tissue. All these pathological changes makes the fish less fit for survival. The study is useful as the indicators of water pollution and reveals the effects of arsenic on the gill of fish.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56738
Title: Percent removal COD, TSS from domestic sewage water using SBT (Soil Biotechnology) by uncultured media
Author: Rajani Bharati, Alka Shrivastava and J K Shrivastava
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (2), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: COD, TSS, domestic sewage water, SBT, uncultured media
Abstract: The present paper presents results of the study in removal of COD, TSS from domestic sewage water using SBT by uncultured media. Results indicate that % removal COD for four run at different flow rate are 50% for R1 at flow rate 80 mL/min, 42.3% for R2 at flow rate 40 mL/min, 46.4% for R3 at flow rate 35 mL/min, 40% for R4 at flow rate 30 mL/min. % removal TSS for four run at different flow rate are 60.6% for R1 at flow rate 80 mL/min, 50% for R2 at flow rate 40 mL/min, 58.4% for R3 at flow rate 35 mL/min, 46.6% for R4 at flow rate 30 mL/min. For 1.03 m deep and 0.2 m diameter bed of bioreactor. Soil biotechnology (SBT) is a system for water renovation which makes use of a formulated media. The process give advantage in terms of applicability for very small to large scale, natural aeration, no moving parts except pumps, no sludge, no odor and all green environment, no pretreatment, high removal efficiency, very low energy requirement. This technology has been developed by IIT, Mumbai, India.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None