ID: 56556
Title: Medicinal plant resources of Rudrakod Sacred grove in Nallamalais, Andhra Pradesh, India
Author: B Ravi Prasad Rao and S Sunitha
Editor: K C Malhotra
Year: 2011
Publisher: Kamla-Raj Enterprises, Vol 2, No 2, December 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Biodiversity
Keywords: Sacred Grove, Medicinal Plants, Tropical Forests, Nallamalais, Andhra Pradesh
Abstract: Rudrakod sacred grove, located in Nallamalai hill ranges of Southern Andhra Pradesh harbour rich plant diversity. The Chenchu tribal communities living in and around the sacred groves are endowed with rich traditional botanical knowledge pertaining to medicinal values of plant species. In the present study, we documented 69 vascular plant species of medicinal value used by the tribes. The paper deals with the systematic enumeration of the species with brief description, their distribution, phenology, local names, and medicinal uses along with mode of administration. Over-exploitation and unscientific collection of some medicinal plants threatening the resource and warrants sustainable harvesting by the local communities.
Location: 215
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56555
Title: In vitro antibacterial evaluation of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don leaf extract on some vegetative bacteria
Author: F I Akinnibosun and H A Akinnibosun
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, vegetative bacteria, Escerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginasa
Abstract: An in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (= Vinca rosea Linn.) on some vegetative bacteria was carried out. The agar well diffusion method was used to determine the sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A varied degree of inhibition was observed at different concentrations of the extract. The zone of inhibition produced by the ethanolic leaf extract ranged from 15.0 mm to 19.8 mm while that of aqueous leaf extract ranged from 11.0 mm - 17.6 mm. Results showed that S. aureus displayed the highest susceptibility in the ethanolic leaf extract (16.4 mm - 19.8 mm) followed by E. coli (15.0 mm -18.3 mm) and least susceptibility was observed in P. aeruginosa (15.2 mm - 17.8mm). In the aqueous leaf extract, P. aeruginosa gave the highest susceptibility (15.0 mm -17.6 mm), followed by E. coli (14.4 mm - 16.0 mm) and the least susceptible was S. aureus (11.0 mm - 14.8 mm). The results revealed that both the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract were effective in inhibiting the growth of the bacteria.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56554
Title: Optimization of cultural conditions for cellulase production by cellulolytic fungal organims as they relate to residual sugar yield in broth medium
Author: F D Otajevwo and I N Ibeh
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Optimization, cultural, conditions, cellulase, fungi, sugar
Abstract: One hundred and fifteen samples made of 42 (36.5%) rumen fluid, 36 (31.3%) cowdung and 37 (32.2%) soil samples were used for the study. Rumen liquor was collected by use of stomach tubes inserted into the mouths of cows and by suction, liquor was collected into prewarmed thermoflasks under continuous flushing with carbondioxide. Cowdung samples were obtained with the aid of sterile swab sticks. Soil samples were collected into sterile universal containers. All samples were obtained from abattoirs situated at three locations in Benin City, Nigeria. Samples were investigated for cellulolytic fungi by Filter Paper Yeast Mineral broth method. Cellulase production was assayed by Carboxymethyl cellulose broth method while residual sugar yield and other cellulolytic activities were determined by 3, 5 - Dinitrosalicylic acid, Filter paper, Microcrystalline and Viscometric methods. Cellulolytic fungal organisms isolated included Trichoderma reesei, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium iriensis, Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus ch+-inensis, Penicillium oxalicium, Trichoderma virens, Fusarium solani and Geotrichum candidum. Eight (53.3%), 3 (20.0%) and 4 (26.7%) of these organisms were isolated from soil, rumen fluid and cowdung respectively. The highest cellulase producing isolate was Aspergillus fumigates and the least was Trichoderma reesei. Total cellulase yield by all organisms was 14.74 + 1.2 IU/mL. Individual and collective yield was high compared to reports of earlier studies. Residual sugar was optimally secreted into broth medium at 400C and pH 5 by all isolates. The lowest sugar yields were obtained at 500C, pH 6. Cellulolytic indices (residual sugar yield, exoglucanase activity, endoglucanase activity, extracellular protein yield and percentage loss of viscocity of carboxymethyl cellulose) of all isolates peaked at 38 + 0.70C and pH 5 + 0.2 although there was no significant differene in the individual recorded values (P>0.05). Optimal pH and temperature for individual isolates were slightly different i.e., 340C and Ph 4.5 were optimal for Aspergillus fumigatus. The significance and implications of these are highlighted.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56553
Title: Soluble salts distribution under saline water condition in drip irrigation
Author: Ghorban Ghorbani Nasrabad, T B S Rajput, Neelam Patel and V K Sehgal
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Drip irrigation, soluble salts distribution, cotton, salt leaching
Abstract: Distribution of salt in the soil is one of the important factors for managing the drip irrigation systems. In order to study the soluble salts distribution under saline water irrigation, a field experiment was conducted at IARI, New Delhi. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) hybrid RCH 134 was planted at row to row and plant to plant spacing of 90 cm and 60 cm, respectively. Irrigation system was used as drip irrigation in cotton. Irrigation frequency was every other day having salinity of 8 dS m-1. The results showed that soluble salts decreased near dripper and were high at 40 cm horizontal distance away from dripper. Increase in distance from dripper increased the salt concentration. Accumulation of soluble salts was high at the soil surface and beyond that these decreased significantly. After monsoon rainfall during boll opening stage, most of the soluble salts were leached out from the soil profile and reached to safe range. Monsoon rainfall was resulted in leaching of soluble salts like EC, Na, Ca and Cl up to 73.9, 66.3, 71.5 and 87.3%, respectively. In area having good monsoon rainfall, application of saline water can be used without any adverse effect on soil crop environment and building up the salts in the soil.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56552
Title: Production of non dairy probiotic foods
Author: Seema Garcha and Lalit Kaurani
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Lactobacillus, acid tolerance, temperature stress, physiological stress
Abstract: Fermentation is a preservation process which decreases the need for refrigeration or any other form of preservation technology. It can therefore be used in areas where access to equipment is limited. Fermented foods have increased levels of vitamins and are more palatable. Moreover, certain latic acid bacteria and molds have been found to produce bacteriocins. They are also probiotic in nature.i.e. are live micro organisms that restore the balance of the intestinal microflora. Milk is the traditional substrate for production of functional foods. However increased incidence of lactose intolerance, it ' s being a major source of dietary cholesterol and also pricing has effected its consumption. Also demand for vegetarianism has increased. The present study involved use of physical stress of temperature and physicological stresses of pH and salt as parameters on growth pattern of Lactobacillus spp, an established probiotic organism. Also its ability to remain viable at cold storage temperature for four week time period was ascertained.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56551
Title: Management of agricultural solid wastes by locally isolated pleurotus species, a white rot fungi
Author: C S Singh, R Sharma, Y Patel and V K Singh
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Agricultural solid wastes, pleurotus sp, biological efficiency
Abstract: Unexplored Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh state was selected as a sampling site just to evaluate the potentialities of the natural isolates of the pleurotus as well as biodiversity of the eastern region. A total of 15 natural isolates of Pleurotus were isolated and identified up to species level by Di-Mon mating. Out of 15, 5 isolates were selected for the management of the agricultural solid waste after peliminary screening. Solid state fermentation was carried out to evaluate the degradation efficiency of the Pleurotus in terms of biological efficiency. Among 5 isolates, P. pulmonarious was found to be most promising strains for the degradation of agricultural wastes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56550
Title: Environment of water soluble salts in soils under different land use systems
Author: H V Rudramurthy, Y P Shilpashree and E T Puttaiah
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Soluble salts concentration, water extractable ions, sodium adsorption ratio, Cations anions and soil properties
Abstract: Irrespective of the land use systems soluble salts concentration (EC) was comparatively more in the surface horizons than in the immediate subsurface horizons and however in sub-soil Solum water extractable ions showed more or less increasing trend with depth. Soils under cultivated land use systems recorded higher EC values especially at the surface than in that of mixed forest land use ecosystem. Among the water extractable cations calcium was the dominant ion in the soils under current follow, mixed forest, paddy and sugarcane land use systems, whereas in that of tobacco and arecanut land use systems magnesium was the dominant ion. While sodium ion was the dominant in the Solum of areca nut and in the lowest horizons of mixed forest land use systems. Among the water extractable anions, bicarbonates and carbonates were the dominant in the solum and sub-soil solum of the soils under areca nut and mixed forest land use systems respectively and in the soils under remaining land use systems chlorides and sulphates were the dominant ions. Soils under all the land use systems were found to be non-saline as the values of sodium adsorption ratio and EC were less than 13 and 0.4 dS m-1 respectively. Both soluble salts concentration and sodium adsorption rati were positively and significantly correlated with pH and water extractable sodium, magnesium and bicarbonates. Silt was positively and significantly correlated with sodium adsorption ratio while chlorides and sulphates were positively and significantly correlated with soluble salt concentration.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56549
Title: Effect of NPK, macro , micro-nutrients and bio-fertilizers on seed yield of Brassica juncea (L.) Var. Pusa bold
Author: L P Dalal, P B Nandkar, and D G Bhadange
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: NPK application Brassica juncea (L.), Macro, micro-nutrients, Bio-fertilizers, Pseudomonas striata
Abstract: A field experiment was conducted on cotton black soil to investigate the effect of various levels of NPK, macro and micro-nutrients and bio-fertilizers on the growth parameters viz, plant height, number of branches, siliquas per plants, test weight of 100-seeds and the seed yield in t/ha. Experimental results revealed that the application of NPK @20:10:10 kg/ha progressively and significantly enhanced the seed yield. The maximum seed yield was found with the application of NPK @ 50:40:25 kg/ha, macro, micro-nutrients and bio-fertilizers, while the seed yield with the application of NPK @ 60:50:30 and 70:50:35 kg/ha, macro and micro-nutrients (only chemical fertilizers) was decreased. Similarly their was no enhancement in plant height, number of branches per plant and number of siliqua (pod) per plant in higher doses of only NPK treatments but higher yield was reported with Pseudomonas striata + Azotobacter chroococcum and N30P20 K15, macro and micro-nutrient treatments.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56548
Title: Biochemical quantification of protein and its related enzyme in seeds and seedlings of Luffa cylindrica infected with Colletotrichum orbiculare
Author: Nupur Sadda and Rashmi Varma
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Protein, protease, Colletotrichum orbiculare, Luffa cylindrica
Abstract: Biochemical estimation was carried out in seeds and seedlings of Luffa cylindrica infected with colletotrichum orbicular causing anthracnose disease. Colletrotrichum orbicular infection was symptomatic carrying pin head like acervuli. The disease is characterised by water soaked lesions or yellowish areas which becomes dry and tear away. Quantification of proteins and its related enzymes was done in different plant parts of healthy and diseased counter parts. Different plant parts showed variation in their protein contents. Protein content was higher in case of anthracnose infected plant parts 1.54 + , 0.58 + , 0.31+ and 0.26 + mg/g in seed, stem, leaf and fruit respectively while in its healthy counterparts it was 0.84+ ,0.32+ ,0.27+ and 0.18 + mg/g in seed, stem, leaf and fruit respectively. Protease activity was higher in case of normal plant parts 0.021+ , 0.015+ , 0.029+ and 0.024+ units /sec/mg wt of fresh tissue of seed, stem, leaf and fruit than its diseased counterparts.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56547
Title: Acidic environment of alfisols under different land use systems
Author: H V Rudramurthy, Y P Shilpashree and E T Puttaiah
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Forms of acidity, land use systems, rain fed system, irrigated system, lime requirement, soil properties
Abstract: The soils under both Flue Cured Virginia (F. C. V) tobacco and sugarcane land use systems, belonged to the soil order Alfisols and the magnitude of different forms of soil acidity was in the order of total potential acidity>pH dependent acidity > total acidity > hydrolytic acidity > extractable acidity >exchangeable hydrogen > exchangeable aluminum > non-exchangeable aluminum. In general soil under F.C.V tobacco recorded higher amount of all forms of acidity than the soil under sugarcane and this could be attributed to the lowest soil pH in the soil pH in the soil under former land use system and higher soluble salt concentration in the later land use system. Lime requirement of soil under F.C.V tobacco was comparatively more than the soil under sugarcane. Positive and significant correlation among different forms of soil acidity with exception to non-exchangeable aluminium suggested the possible existence of a dynamic equilibrium among different forms of soil acidity and loss of one form of acidity would be replenished by other forms. Among the soil properties studied only the soil reaction and exchangeable acidic cations were significantly correlated with different forms of soil acidity. Soil reaction was negatively and exchangeable acidic cations were positively correlated with different forms of soil acidity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56546
Title: Characterization of a virus isolated from Channa gachua affected with epizootic ulcerative syndrome
Author: Alok Tripathi, Ravindra Chopade and T A Qureshi
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: SHRV, RV-19 E, Channa gachua, EUS and TEM
Abstract: This is the first report of the isolation and the characterization of virus from EUS affected fish from India. The virus was isolated from the skin, liver and kidney of Channa gachua in severly lesioned stage. The virus inoculated, induced cytopathic effects (CPE) in CGL/14 and CGK/14 yielding a titer of 3.02 x 106TCID50/mLat 250C temperature within 2 to 3 days. Temperatuer ranging between 15 to 250C was optimum for replication of virus but it did not replicate at 370C. The virus could be stored at -10 and 80C for 30 and 10 days respectively without any significant loss of infectivity. A 1-log difference was noticed TCID50 titer between the cell-free virus and total virus. Freezing and thawing virus caused a half -log drop in titer. Viral exposure to chloroform or heating upto 560C for 30 minutes inactivated the virus. Exposure to pH3 medium for 30 minutes resulted in more than 100-fold loss of viral infectivitiy. The iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) did not affect virus replication, indicating its RNA genome. Neutralization tests using the antisera of RE-19E virus and the ulcer disease rahbdovirus (UDRV) obtained from AA HRI, Thailand showed a cross-reaction. Cross-reaction between Indian virus antiserum and the antisera obtained from Thailand was positive and established serological relationship with SHRV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of CGL/14 and CGK-14 cell lines showed virus particles with typical bullet shape morphology and measured approximately 65 x 175 ?m in size. Thus the virus isolated from Indian snakehead fish is characterized rhabdovirus.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56545
Title: Effect of rhizobium inoculation on the biomass production of Vicia faba L.
Author: Krishnendra Singh Nama and Rashmi Varma
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: leguminous crop, Vicia faba L., Rhizobium, soil fertility, biomass production
Abstract: Leguminous green crops improve the quality of soil in many ways with these improvements often being reflected in subsequent increases in crop production (Palh, 2001; Marwaha, 1995). The ability of faba bean to improve soil fertility is enhanced by effective Rhizobium inoculation. The present investigation found that biomass production of Vicia faba L. increased significantly, when inoculated with Rhizobium, whereas uninoculated plant did not show such type of increase in biomass production (Patel et al., 1993; Chela et al., 1993; Prasad et al., 1994; Fisinin et al., 1999; Ghosh et al., 2000).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56544
Title: Purification and characterization of enzyme alkaline phosphatase from Bacillus subtilis
Author: R K Chalannavar, S A Annapurna, B Anitha, N Rajendra Goud and D V S S R Prakash
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase, Bacillus subtilis, enzyme kinetics, isolation, purification
Abstract: Alkaline phosphatase is a membrane bound enzyme that is found in association with all cells and is responsible for removing phosphate groups from many types of molecules, including nucleotides, proteins, and alkaloids. The detection of the antibody-antigen complex is usually based on enzymes linked to the antibodies. The objective of this study is to isolate, screen, quantify and determine the enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase from Bacillus subtilis. The study clearly indicated the presence of alkaline phosphatase in Bacillus subtilis. One milliliter of the purified sample showed 200 ?g of protein, 0.5935 ? mole/mL/ 30 minutes enzyme acitivity and 0.00296 ?mole/?g/30 minutes specific activity at 370C. The purified and unpurified state of the enzyme was judged by SDS/PAGE. Purified enzyme showed a single band of molecular weight of 33 kDa. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 8.6 at 370C. The time kinetics of alkaline phosphatase is found to be 50 minutes. The enzyme kinetics increased with increased concentration of CaCl2 and decreased with increased concentration of HgCl2. The optimum conditions for alkaline phosphatase synthesis by Bacillus subtilis were determined which will be an essential step for the production of adequate amounts for application in research field and other areas.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56543
Title: Comparison of the protein and DNA activity in the liver and spleen of one week and two weeks old broilers during chronic aflotoxicosis
Author: P J R Nthanael and V Viveka Vardhani
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Aflotoxicosis, AFB1, liver, spleen, aspergillus flavus
Abstract: The aflotoxins profoundly buffeted the immunological stamina of poultry birds and even causes mortality and various acute and chronic aliments. The present investigation in focused on the comparison of the protein and DNA response in the liver and spleen of 1 week and 2 weeks old broilers suffering with aflotoxicosis. Broilers of one week old (Group A;B) received 0.01 ng/bird adn 0.1 ng/bird respectively; where as group C (untreated birds) kept for comparison. Broilers of two weeks old (Groups D & E) received 0.25 ng/bird and 0.5 ng/bird and 0.5 ng.bird of AFB1 and group F is maintained as control. Experimental broilers were necropsied on day 1,3, 8 and 11 of infection; controls were also necropsied on same designated days. Liver and spleen of experimental and controls were removed, weighted, homogenized and tissue samples were analyzed for protein and DNA levels. The findings clearly give a firm evidence that AFB1 brought forth morphological, physiological and biochemical changes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56542
Title: Evaluation mathematical modeling in biological science research set up- A case study
Author: John Jebaraj
Editor: P.K. Wong, R K Trivedy, Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2011
Publisher: Global Sience Publications, Vol 13, No 3, 2011
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Research organization, biological science research, mathematical modeling
Abstract: Recently the biological sciences research organization in India and abroad ignored the importance of mathematical modeling techniques in their research process and gave no place in their research curriculum. In the present study the investigator applied random sampling on biological sciences research scholars, formulated four hypotheses connecting the innovative (compatibility, complexity) and implementation variables (utilization and satisfaction) and examined the relationship between them. Using regression analysis by SPSS, the results demonstrate that the two variables are significantly related. This implies that the implementation of Mathematical modeling in the biological sciences research organization was not successful.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None