ID: 56812
Title: Antimicrobial potential of Argemone mexicana: An in vitro study
Author: Manju Bhardwaj, Joginder S Duhan, Ashok Kumar and Surekha
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Argemone mexicana, Antimicrobial activity, Inhibition zone
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of using locally available wild plant viz. Argemone mexicana as an antimicrobial agent. Three parts of the plant viz. stem, leaf and fruit were extracted in five different organic solvents i.e., acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol and methanol by maceration method. Antimicrobial activity was tested against five bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherechia coli, Pseudomonas aurigenosa and one yeast isolate i.e. Candida albicans by agar well diffusion method. All the extracts of Argemone mexicana showed considerable antimicrobial activity against almost all the micro-organisms tested. Among the different extracts tested, chloroform extract was found to be most found to be most effective. Ethanol extract of stem and leaves of A. mexicana showed maximum activity against S. aureus and C. albicans while methanol extract showed almost negligible activity against different pathogens. The acetone extract of leaf aws quite effective against P. aeruginosa (ie., 19 mm zone) in comparison to all tested antibiotics except streptomycin. Hence ethanol extract of leaf and stem and acetone extract of leaf of A. mexicana may be used as antimicrobial agents against S. aureus, C albicans and P. aeruginosa. Studies are in progress to isolate the active principle from these extracts.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56811
Title: Studies on characterization of extracellular alkaline protease from a mutant Aspergillus flavus AS2
Author: M Roja Rani, N N Prasad and K Rupnath
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Alkaline protease, Aspergillus flavus AS2, mutant and characterization
Abstract: After our previous purification studies on Alkaline protease from a mutant of Aspergillus flavus AS2 characterisation of the purified enzyme was done from the culture supernatant by employing various parameters. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of alkaline protease was previously found to be 8.5 and 550C and stable in the pH range 7.0 -8.5. The thermo stability exhibited by protease ranges from 30-500C. Among various protease inhibitors PMSF strongly inhibited the enzyme activity revealing that the enzyme in the present study is serine alkaline protease. Ca2+enhancinced effect on the activity of the enzyme. High level of hydrolytic activity was shown by casein and also found that purified alkaline protease digested the human blood clot, coagulated egg white to soluble form and dehaired the goat skin after prolonged incubation. The protease showed good compatibility and stability in the presence of CaCl2 and glycine with detergents. The enzyme retained 20-40% activity with most of the detergents tested even after 3 hrs. The supplementation of the enzyme preparation in detergents compeletly removed the blood stain of the cloth. The enzyme followed a typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics and the apparent Km value was found to be 3.2 mgmL-1.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56810
Title: Pollution status of river Ramganga water around Moradabad by using sequential comparison index
Author: Desh Deepak and G K Sharma
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Benthic macroinvertebrates, water quality, SCI and River Ramganga
Abstract: Benthic macroinvertebrates are widely used as indicator of pollultion in aquatic environment. This study was aimed to assess the distribution pattern of benethic macroinvertebrates in sampling sites of the river Ramganga. A total of 126 sediment samples were collected in the river Ramganga. Samples were collected monthly basis for one year (Feb, 2010 to Jan. 2011). During the study the total number of benthic macroinvertebrates was counted and its SCI was scored as proposed by Cairns et al. (1968). Thus, benthic macroinvertebrates communities can be used as a tool in the assessment of water quality of river. This study clearly indicated that diversity and distribution pattern of certain species of benthic macroinvertebrates were related to water quality of river Ramganga.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56809
Title: Socio economic status responsible for high prevalence of tuberculosis in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, South India
Author: M Jayanthi, G Shanthi and S Selvakumar
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Tuberculosis, Prevalence, Unhygienic, BMI
Abstract: The present study focuses on the socio economic, demographic and personal health aspects of TB patients in Cubbalore district, Tamil Nadu, South India. Three hundered samples were collected from the age between 15-75, both male and female patients, in those 150 samples were positive considered as TB cases and remaining samples were negative known as controls. Univariate and multivariate analysis were done and some of the confounders like education, overcrowding, single room, type of fuel, separate kitchen, smoking, consumption of alcohol, BMI, household income and TB contact were found to be significant factors for the high prevalence of TB in Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu. This may be due to poor living conditions, unhygienic environment and unawareness about TB. Hence, TB control programmes should be instituted for rapid diagnosis and aggressive treatment for favourable outcomes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56808
Title: Evaluation of bacterial removal efficiency of domestic water purification systems with different technologies widely used in India
Author: M R Anil Kumar, K M Johnson and P Ponmurugan
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Bacterial removal, domestic water purification
Abstract: Bacterial disinfection using ultraviolet radiation is a world wide technology for drinking water purification. The efficiency of this technology depnds on certain important parameters like the UV intensity, the exposure time, the area, clarity of the water etc. Ultrafilteration is a membrane technology which removes the bacteria and its porosity is 0.01 micron. Nanofiltration removes the bacteria and this membrane porosity is 0.001 micron size. Reverse osmosis is a high end membrane technology with a porosity of 0.0001 micron removes bacteria. Brominated resin beads bacterial removal efficiency depends upon the clarity of the input water, flow rate, contact time etc. This paper is intended to assist the reader about the various technology ' s capabilities to remove the pathogenic bacteria from drinking water. Standardized suspensions of test bacterial strains each having a cell density of approximately 105cfu/ml were mixed with the inlet water in a pre unit reservoir and passed through the system. Samples were collected from the outlet after each passage and tested for bacterial viability. Test procedures were based on internationally accepted principles for the evaluation of point of use water purification units, including a standard test protocol of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Reduction in numbers of seeded test organisms at several log levels higher than those expected in water for which the unit is intended, was determined by the cultivation of viable organisms.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56807
Title: Species composition of powdery mildew on cucurbits in Punjab, India
Author: Mohit K Gupta and G K Sharma
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cucurbits, powdery mildew, Anamorph, Teleomorph
Abstract: A large number of powdery mildew infected samples of cucurbits were collected and analyzed for occurrence, distribution and identity in Punjab, a state of Northern India. It was noticed in the present study that powdery mildew species can be identified by using anamorph characters in absence of teleomorph. Most of the cucurbits were found infected in one or the other locality of the study area which comprised five districts of Punjab. On the basis of anamorph and teleomorph characters species composition of powdery mildew disease in the state was as Podosphaera xanthii (Syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea) on cultivated cucurbits and Golovinomyces cichoracearum (Syn. Erysiphe cichoracearum) on Coccinia cordifolia (a wild cucurbit). The pathogenic spectrum and identity situation in Punjab are found similar to other states in India.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56806
Title: A preliminary study on Abelmoschus esculentus fruit mucilage extract as coagulant-flocculent for turbid water treatment
Author: Gaurang Parmar, Punita Parikh and Vinay Patel
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Coagulant, Abelmoschus esculentus, flocculation, kaolin, turbidity
Abstract: Lab scale experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of mucilage isolated from the fruits of Abelmoshcus esculentus as bioflocculent for the treatment of trubid water samples containing synthetic turbidity of kaolin. Jar test experiments at optimum pH and time were carried out for 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 (NTU) levels of turbidity in the flocculent dose range, of 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.8 mg, 1.2 mg, 1.6 mg and 2.0 mg/L. The flocculation efficiency of Abelmoshcus esculentus fruit mucilage at different turbidity levels and the effects of flocculent dose on percent removal of turbidity are reported. At all the experimental turbidity levels, the increased flocculent dose increased the percentage of turbidity removal upto a certain level, beyond which further increase in dosage showed a decreasing trend in the removal. The optimum dose of the flocculent was found to be 0.4 mg/L. Abelmoschus esculentus mucilage has higher efficiency in removing high turbidity in comparison to low turbidity. Highest turbidity removal (96%) was obtained with very high i.e., 100 NTU initial turbidity. The mucilage of Abelmoschus esculentus fruit is an ecofriendly and low cost anionic polysaccharide used for turbid waters.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56805
Title: Bio-alternative to chemotherapeutic drugs in aquaculture
Author: M Radha Krishna Reddy, S A Mastan and Srilakshmi
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Aquaculture, probiotics, bacteria
Abstract: Probiotics are natural beneficial bacteria and are now well accepted and widely used in aquaculture. Probiotic bacteria improve the health of fish by controlling pathogens and improved water quality, by modifying microbial composition of water. The present paper reports review and discuss the use of probiotics in aquaculture.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56804
Title: Solation of amylase producing bacteria from coastal waters of Bay of Bengal, Visakhapatnam: Characterization of Bacillus coagulans
Author: K Suribabu and T Lalitha Govardhan
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Amylase enzyme, Morphological, biochemical characterization
Abstract: As the marine waters are the treasures of enzyme producing organisms, investigations were undertaken to isolate and identify the extra cellular amylase enzyme-producing bacteria capable of digesting the starch. Amylase producing bacteira, Bacillus coagulans has been isolated and reported first time from coastal waters of Bay of Bengal collected at Gangavaram beach, Visakhapatnam. Bacillus coagulans on the overnight-incubated cultured Petri plates. Colony, morpholgical and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were reported.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56803
Title: Growth performance of a medicinal platn (Vitex negundo Linn.) on vermicompost application in culturable wasteland soil of old Bihar, India
Author: S K Tiwari and A K Roy
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Culturable wasteland, vermicompost, medicinal plant
Abstract: Most of the area under dryland cultivation particularly culturable wasteland is in resource poor and yield levels are neglible resulting in poor returns to the farmers. In order to evaluate the performance of such soil amended with vermicompost a medicinal plant Vitex negunda was planted in the green house of University Department of Botany, T. M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar during the years 2007 and 2008, studies were carried out in earthen pots in triplicate. The data of the growth performance was taken at the interval of 40 days each for three times. The growth performance was recorded increasing with increasing the doses of vermicompost. The efficacy of vermicompost was adjudged under the condition of the study area.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56802
Title: Designing of current induced biofilm inhibitory device for checking the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm
Author: D Jansi Rani
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Biofilm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, current, EPS, pores, antibiotic
Abstract: Biofilms are the assemblage of microbial cells that are irreversibly associated with a surface which is not removed by gentle rinsing. The present study was undertaken to disturb the complex association of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in materials like PVC, iron and stainless steel by inducing current through a device. The disintegration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was done by applying the low intensity current at constant time intervals. The current induced produces pores on the EPS layer. The treatment of these materials involves the application of current along with antibiotics. The antibiotics enter through the pore formed in the EPS layer of microorganism. The reduction in the level of microbial colony due to the action of different antibiotics was determined by the spread plate technique.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56801
Title: Characterization of beta Lactamase producing bacterium from soil of Mahendragiri region, Orissa, India
Author: Manoja Das and Sunil Kumar
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Beta lactamase, antibiotics, clinically important
Abstract: Beta lactamase is an enzyme , produced by certain microbes which are showing resistance to beta lacto antibiotics. Bacterium was isolated from different soil samples of Mahendragiri region, Orissa. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of the bacterium were studied. The biochemical tests revealed that bacterium was strain of Staphyloccus aureus. The bacterium was screened for their ability to produce beta lactamase enzyme. Out of seven strains, three of them, i.e., LPB2, LPB4 and LPB7 produced comparatively more amount of enzyme among the isolated strains of the bacteria. These strains showed tolerance up to 600?g of commercially availably penicillin in nutrient agar culture. The qualitative analysis of enzyme indicated that it had better quality than the enzyme produced by the antibiotic resistance E. coli. The bacterium possesses plasmid in their cell. Therefore, it can be concluded that presence of beta lactamase enzyme producing clinically important bacterium in the soil of Mahendragiri region has both ecologically and economically significant.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56800
Title: Anatomical and physiological disorder after intoxication with cadmium metal in Lemna polyrrhiza L. (Lemna)
Author: Krupa Unadkat, Vinay Patel and Punita Parikh
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Cd ion, chlorophyll pigment, histological changes, Lemna polyrrhiza L., toxicity
Abstract: To study the effect of increased Cd ion concentration on total chlorophyll content and anatomical structure of Lemna polyrrhiza L. the plants were cultured in Hoagland medium supplemented with various Cd concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 ppm) and were harvested after 2, 4 and 6 days. The chlorophyll content was analyzed and histological changes in plant were observed under light microscope by taking hand sections and microtome sections. Effect of cadmium toxicity on Lemna polyrrhiza L. comprising significant structural alteration which reflects reduced metabolic activity. There was significant decline in the chlorophyll pigment in mesophyll cells as the exposure time and concentration of cadmium ion increased. Degradationof chloroplasts disturbance in the arrangement of mesophyll cells and disruption in organization of epidermis of the plant were major symptoms of Cd toxicity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56799
Title: Red blood cell antigen distribution in scheduled caste population of Uttar Pradesh, India
Author: Pradeep Kumar and Vandana Rai
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Antigen, blood groups, glycosyltransferase, Scheduled caste, Khatik, Chamar, Allele frequency
Abstract: This study was aimed to record the frequency of ABO blood groups in the Scheduled caste population of Uttar Pradesh. Total 407 blood samples were analyzed in the present study. In total samples 27.52% (112) individuals had O blood group, 26.29% (107) had A group, 36.85% (150) had B group and 9.34% (38) individuals had AB group. The overall picture of phenotypic frequencies of ABO blood group was B>O>A>AB. The decreasing order of allele frequency in SC population was O (0.5328) > B (0.2680) > A (0.1992). Frequencies of different ABO blood groups recorded in our study matches with frequency of the ABO alleles as reported in several other studies carried out in Scheduled caste/tribes population of India.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56798
Title: Studies on the microbial population in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in Mullai river at Kadamacode around Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: G J Jenila and C Radha Kirshnan Nair
Editor: Dr P K Wong, Dr R K Trivedy and Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Science Publications, Vol 14, No 2, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Mullai River, Tamaraparani River, Kallemalai
Abstract: The present study was carried out for the analysis of microbes in different body parts of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) during the period of January 2008 to April 2008. Mullai river orginates from Kallemalai and it joins with the Tamaraparani river. The river gets water in the rainy season and becomes dry in the summer season. The predominant species of fish in the riverine system is Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). It has its maximum production of four tones/year with regards to the present study that the total heterotrophic bacterial population of the fish affects the major production. The bacterial population was high in the operculum and fins that is Pseudomonas species (25 x 105 cfu/mL) and E-coli species (15 x 105 cfu/mL). In the fin the maximum count noticed is the Pseudomonas species (40 x 105 cfu/mL) and E-coli (20 x 105 cfu/mL). In the maximum count noticed is the Pseudomonas species (40 x 105 cfu/mL) and E-coli (20 x 105 cfu/mL). The bacterial populated more in fins and operculum due to the presence of bacteria in water.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None