ID: 56932
Title: An automated approach for updating land cover maps based on integrated change detection and classification methods
Author: Xuehong Chen, Jin Chen, Yusheng Shi, Yasushi Yamaguchi
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 71, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Land cover, Change detection, classification, Iterated training sample selecting, Markov random fields
Abstract: Updating land cover maps from remotely sensed data in a timely manner is important for many areas of scientific research. Unfortunately, tranditional classification procedures are very labor intensive and subjective because of the required human interaction. Based on the strateg of updating land cover data only for the changed area, we proposed an integrated, automated approach to update land cover maps without human interaction. Th e proposed method consists primarily of the following three parts: a change detection technique, a Markov Random Fields (MRFs) model, and an iterated training sample selecting procedure. In the proposed approach, remotely sensed data acquired in different seasons or from different remote sensors can be used. Meanwhile, the approach is compeletly unsurpervised. Therefore, the methodology has a wide scope of application. A case study of Landsat data was conducted to test the performance of this method. The experimental results show that several sub-modules in this method work effectively and that reasonable classification accuracy can be achieved.
Location: TE 12, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56931
Title: New rigorous and flexible fourier self-calibration models for airborne camera calibration
Author: Rongfu Tang, Dieter Fritsch, Michael Cramer
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 71, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Aerial photogrammetry, camera calibration, self-calibration, Polynomial APs, Fourier APs, Function approximation
Abstract: This paper presents a new family of rigorous and flexible mathematical self-calibration additional parameters (APs) for airborne camera calibration. Photogrammetric self-calibration can- to a very large extent -be considered as a function approximation problem in mathematics. It is shown, that algebraic polynomials are less desirable for designing self-calibration APs due to the highly correlated terms. Based on the mathematical approximation theory, we suggest that Fourier series be the optimal mathematical basis functions for self-calibration purpose. A whole family of so-called Fourier self-calibration APs is developed, whose solid theoretical foundations are the Laplace ' s Equation and the Fourier Theorem. Fourier APs are orthogonal, rigorous, flexible, genetic and efficient for calibrating the image distortion of frame-format airborne cameras. The high perfomance of Fourier APs is demonstrated in many practical tests on different camera systems, including the DMC, DMCII, UltracamX, UltracamXp and DigiCAM cameras. We illustrate the theoretical and practical advantages of the Fourier APs over the physical APs and the popular polynomial APs. The joint applications with physical models are promoted for specific applications as well. On account of the theoritical justifications and high practical performance, Fourier APs should be preferred for in situ airborne camera calibration.
Location: TE 12, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56930
Title: Verification of 2D building outlines using oblique airborne images
Author: Adam Patrick Nyaruhuma, Markus Gerke, George Vosselman, Elifuraha Gerald Mtalo
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 71, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Building, revision, edge, matching, fuzzy logic, learning
Abstract: Oblique airborne images are interesting not only for visualization but also for the acquisition and updating of geo-spatial vector data. This is because side views of vertical structures, such as buildings, are present in those images. In recent years, techniques for automatic verification of building outlines have been proposed. These techniques utilized color, texture and height from vertical images or range data while oblique images contain facade information that can also be used to identify buildings. This paper present a methodology to verify 2D building outlines in a cadastral dataset by using oblique airborne images. The method searches for clues such as building edges, wall facade edges and texture. The 2D clues in images taken from different perspective but expected to contain the same wall are transformed to 3D, combined and used for a verification of the particular wall. Unlike methods that use vertical images or LIDAR, walls are verified individually and then the results are combined for the building. We compare three methods for combining wall-based evidence. Experiments using almost 700 buildings show that best results are obtained using Adaptive Boosting where - with a bias for better identification of demolished buildings- 100% of demolished buildings are identified and 91% of existing buildings are confirmed. The other two methods are Random Trees and a variant of the Dempster-Shafer approach combined with fuzzy reasoning and they only show some minor differences to the Adaptive Boosting result. The research as presented in this paper demonstrates the potential of oblique images, but some further work has to be done, including the identification of modified buildings and the extension towards verification of 3D building models.
Location: TE 12, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56929
Title: Monitoring water stress and fruit quality in an orange orchard under regulated deficit irrigation using narrow-band structural and physiological remote sensing indices
Author: S Stagakis, V Gonzalez - Dugo, P Cid, M L Guillen-Climent, P J Zarco-Tejada
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 71, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Water stress, Remote sensing, Narrow-band indices, Fruit quality, Regulated deficit, PRI
Abstract: This paper deals with the monitoring of water status and the assessment of the effect of stress on citrus fruit quality using structural and physioloical remote sensing indices. Four flights were conducted over a citrus orchard in 2009 using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) carrying a multispectral camer with six narrow spectral bands in the visible and near infrared. Physiological indices such as the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI570), a new structurally robust PRI formulation that uses the 515 nm as the reference band (PRI515), and a chlorophyll ratio (R700/R670) were compared against the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Renormalized Difference Vegetation Index (RDVI) and Modified Triangular Vegetation Index (MTVI) canopy structural indices for their performance in tracking water status and the effects of sustained water stress on fruit quality at harvest. The irrigation setup in the commercial orchard was compared against a treatment scheduled to satisfy full requirements (based on estimated crop evapotranspiration) using two regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies. The water status of the trees throughout the experiment was monitored with frequent field measurements of stem water potential ( ?x), while titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids (TSS) were measured at harvest on selected trees from each irrigation treatment. The high spatial resolution of the multispectral imagery (30 cm pixel size) enabled identification of pure tree crown components, extracting the tree reflectance from shaded, sunlit and aggregated pixels. The physiological and structural indices were then claculated from each tree at the following levels: (i) pure sunlit tree crown, (ii) entire crown, aggregating the within-crown shadows, and (iii) simulating a lower resolution pixel, including tree crown, sunlit and shaded soil pixels. The resulting analysis demonstrated that both PRI formulations were able to track water status, except when water stress altered canopy structure. In such cases, PRI570 was more affected than PRI515 by the structural changes caused by sustained water stress throughout the season. Both PRI formulations were proven to serve as pre-visual water stress indicators linked to fruit quality ISS and TA parameters (r2 = 0.69 for PRI515 vs TSS; r2 = 0.58 vs TA). In contrast, the chlorophyll (R700/R670) and structural indices (NDVI, RDVI, MTVI) showed poor relationships with fruit quality and water status levels (r2 = 0.04 for NDVI vs TSS; r2 = 0.19 vs TA). The two PRI formulations showed strong relations with the field -measured fruit quality parameters in September, the beginning of stage III, which appeared to be the period most sensitive to water stress and the most critical for assessing fruit quality in citrus. Both PRI515 and PRI570 showed similar performance for the two scales assessed (sunlit crown and entire crown), demonstrating that within-crown component separation is not needed in citrus tree crowns where the shaded vegetation component is small. However, the simulation conducted through spatial resampling on tree + soil aggregated pixels revealed that the physiological indices were highly affected by soil reflectance and between - tree shadows, showing that for TSS vs PRI515 the relatioship dropped from r2=0.69 to r2=0.38 when aggregating soil + crown components. This work confirms a previous study that demonstrated the link between PRI570, water stress, and fruit quality, while also making progress in assessing the new PRI formulation (PRI515), the within-crown shadow effects on the physiological indices, and the need for high resolution imagery to target individual tree crowns for the purpose of evaluating the effects of water stress on fruit quality in citrus.
Location: TE 12, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56928
Title: Long term land cover and seagrass mapping using Landsat and object -based image analysis from 1972 to 2010 in the coastal environment of South East Queensland, Australia
Author: Mitchell B Lyons, Stuart R Phinn, Chris M Roelfsema
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 71, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Time series, Land cover, Seagrass, Landsat
Abstract: Long term global archives of high-moderate spatial resolution, multi-spectral satellite imagery are now readily accessible, but are not being fully utilised by management agencies due to the lack of apporpirate methods to consistently produce accurate and timely management ready information. This work developed an object-based remote sensing approach to map land cover and seagrass distribution in an Australian coastal environment for a 38 year Landsat image time-series archive (1972 -2010). Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) imagery were used without in situ field data input (but still using field knowledge) to produce land and seagrass cover maps every year data were available, resulting in over 60 map products over the 38 year archive. Land cover was mapped annually using vegetation, bare ground, urban and agricultural classes. Seagrass distribution was also mapped annually, and in some years monthly, via horizontal projected foliage cover classes, sand and deep water, Land cover products were validated using aerial photography and seagrass maps were validated with field survey data, producing several measures of accuracy. An average overall accuracy of 65% and 80% was reported for seagrass and land cover products respectively, which is consistent with other studies in the area. This study is the first to show moderate spatial resolution, long term annual changes in land cover and seagrass in an Australian environment, created without the use of in situ data; and only one of a few similar studies globally. The land cover products identify several long term trends; such as significant increases in South East Queensland ' s urban density and extent, vegetation clearing in rural and rural -residential areas, and inter-annual variation in dry vegetation types in western South East Queensland. The seagrass cover products show that there has been a minimal overall change in seagrass extent, but that seagrass cover level distribution is extremely dynamic; evidenced by large scale migrations of higher seagrass cover levels and several sudden and significant changes in cover level. These mapping products will allow management agencies to build a baseline assessment of their resources, understand past changes and help inform implementation and planning of management policy to address potential future changes.
Location: TE 12, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56927
Title: CityGML- Interoperable semantic 3D city models
Author: Gerhard Groger, Lutz Plumer
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 71, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Interoperability, Standards, GIS, urban, city, three-dimensional
Abstract: CityGML is the international standard of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) for the representation and exchange of 3D city models. It defines the three-dimensional geometry, topology, semantics and appearance of the most relevant topographic objects in urban or regional contexts. These definitions are provided in different, well-defined Levels-of-Detail (multiresolution model). The focus of CityGML is on the semantical aspects of 3D city models, its structure, taxonomies and aggregations, allowing users to employ virtual 3D city models for advanced analysis and visualization tasks in a variety of application domains such as urban planning, indoor/outdoor pedestrian navigation, environmental simulations, cultural heritage, or facility management. This is in contrast to purely geometrical/graphical models such as KML, VRML, or X3D which do not provide sufficient semantics. CityGML is based on the Geography Markup Language (GML), which provides a standardized geometry model. Due to this model and its well-defined semantics and structures, CityGML facilities interoperable data exchange in the context of geo web services and spatial data infrastructures. Since its standarization in 2008, CityGML has become used on a worldwide scale: tools from notable companies in the geospatial field provide CityGML interfaces. Many applications and projects use this standard. CityGML is also having a strong impact on science: numerous approaches use CityGML, particularly its semantics, for disaster management, emergency responses, or energy-related applications as well as for visualizations, or they contribute to CityGML, improving its consistency and validity, or use CityGML, particularly its different Levels-of-Detail, as a source or target for generalizations.
This paper gives an overview of CityGML, its underlying concepts, its Levels-of-Detail, how to extend it, its applications, its likely future development, and the role it plays in scientific research. Furthermore, its relationship to other standards from the fields of computer graphics and computer-aided architectural design and to the prospective INSPIRE model are discussed, as well as the impact CityGML has and is having on the software industry, on applications of 3D city models, and on science generally.
Location: TE 12, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56926
Title: Fast AT: A simple procedure for quasi direct orientation
Author: M Blazquez, I Colomina
Editor: George Vosselman
Year: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier, Vol 71, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: GNSS, INS, Orientation, Calibration, Camera, Adjustment
Abstract: Over the past two decades, the development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology, inertial navigation technology and Inertial navigation Systems (INS) and their application to sensor orientation in photogrammetry and remote sensing has led to more precise, accurate, reliable and cost efficient orientation and calibration methods and procedures. Today, most airborne photogrammetric and remote sensing systems are equipped with GNSS receivers and inertial sensors. To a large extent and more or less indepedently from the imaging geometry and sensor type, orientation if performed with the "direct" and "integrated" methods. In this paper we introduce a new orientation method that we call "Fast AT" for frame images. The new method combines image measurements, ground control and aerial control observations in novel quantitative and qualitative ways. Depending on project specifications, Fast AT can be a robust alternative to direct orientation and, at the very least, a fast quality control tool for any orientation task. We analyze the performance of Fast AT with analogue and digital frame imagery and draw conclusions on its general properties.
Location: TE 12, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56925
Title: Genetic diversity in unique indigenous mango accessions (Appemidi) of the Western Ghats for certain fruit characteristics
Author: C Vasugi, M R Dinesh, K Sekar, K S Shivashankara, B Padmakar and K V Ravishankar
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science A ssociation, Vol 103, No 2, 25 July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Appemidi, aroma compounds, characterization, diversity, mango
Abstract: Mango is one of the choicest fruit crops of the tropical and subtropical regions in the world. Utilization of the conserved germplasm in breeding programmes requires precise information on the genetic relationships between the accessions. Considering the difficulties involved in the traditional divergence studies based on morphological characterization, microstatellites were successfully used for genetic diversity analysis of the indigenous ' Appemidi ' type. Also, the major compoudns that contribute to the unique aroma of these types were estimated. The materials used in the study consisted of 43 accessions and 14 SSRs developed at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. Analysis of sap volatiles was done using GCMS fitted with a DB-5 MS column using helium as the carrier gas. The analysis of 211 bands detected by the 14 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) markers showed unambiguous discrimination of the 43 mango genotypes. The dendrogram resulted in the grouping of accessions into two major clusters, viz. cluster I with highly acidic types and clusters II withless acidic and high TSS group. The aroma of pickle type of mangoes is due to totally different type of terpenes as well as a completely different combination of monoterpenes.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56924
Title: Evidence of functional specialization and pollination syndrome in Amomum subulatum Roxb. (Zingiberaceae)
Author: Kundan Kishore, H Kalita, D Rinchen and Boniface Lepcha
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science A ssociation, Vol 103, No 2, 25 July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Amomum subulatum, functional specialization, nectar robber, pollination syndrome
Abstract: Here we study functional specialization in Amomum subulatum in recruiting specific pollinators and in exhibiting pollination syndrome. Among diverse assemblages of animals, only native bumble-bees (Bombus braviceps Smith and Bombus haemorrhoidalis Smith) acted as effective pollinators in terms of visitation frequency, pollination efficiency, pollination potential index, pollen delivery and fruit set, whereas Udaspes folus and Macroglossum sp. acted as nectar robbers and Apis cerena and Episyrphus balteatus were pollen-resource wasters. Native bumble-bee were the sole functional group that increased the plant ' s fitness by being the ' most effective pollinators ' . Foraging behabiour is the most crucial factor to bring about pollination in A. subulatum. Medium tongue length and proficient nectar-foraging behaviour make bumble-bees the most effective pollen vectors. Low secretion rate of nectar during morning hours could be the strategy of plants to bring about pollination effectively by instigating medium-tongued nectar foragers to move deep inside the labellum and the anther-stigma column. A subulatum may be categorized as an obligate specialist as it recruits only the bumble-bee as the most effective pollinator, thereby giving evidence of pollination syndrome.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56923
Title: Production and preliminary characterization of inter-specific hybrids derived from Momordica species
Author: L K Bharathi, A D Munshi, T K Behera, Vinod, K Joseph John, A B Das, K V Bhat and A S Sidhu
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science A ssociation, Vol 103, No 2, 25 July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Fertility estimates, gene pool, Momordica species, taxonomic relationship, wide hybridization
Abstract: A crossing programme involving seven species of Momordica and two varieties of Momordica charantia was undertaken. Within the sect. Momordica, high crossability and pollen fertility was observed in the inter-varietal cross (M. c. var. charantia x M. c. var.muricata), whereas low crossability and moderate pollen fertility was observed in the inter-specific cross (M. charantia x M. balsamina). No crossability barriers were found within the sect. Cochinchinensis, except for M. cochinchinensis x M. dioica and M. cochinchinensis x M. sahyadrica. M. dioica and M. sahyadrica showed higher crossability iwth M. subangulata subsp. renigera (both directions) and M. cochinchinensis (unidirectional). M. s. subsp. renigera had reproductive compatibility with M. cochinchinensis in both directions. M. sahyadrica and M. dioica showed high crossability in both directions and produced fertile hybrids. Cross between the sect. Momordica and Cochinchinensis yielded parthenocarpic fruits. M. cymbalaria (sect. Raphanocarpus) was niether crossable with sect. Momordica nor sect. Cochinchinensis. The chromosome numbers of the hybrids wee as expected from the parental numbers. Based on crossability, a closer relationship was found between two varieties of bitter melon (var. charantia and var. muricata) and also between M. charantia and M. balsamina. All dioecious species included in this study appear to be closely related. The result support that recent taxonomic revision of the genus and the gene pool classification provide a base for improvement of Momordica species.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56922
Title: Is land really a constraint for the utilization of solar energy in India?
Author: H Mitavachan and J Srinivasan
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science A ssociation, Vol 103, No 2, 25 July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Land occupation, ladn transformation, land use, photovoltaic, renewable energy, solar energy
Abstract: This article compares the land use in solar energy technology with conventional energy sources. This has been done by introducing two parameters called land transformation and land occupation. It has been shown that the land aera transformed by solar energy is small compared to hydroelectric power generation, and is comparable with coal and nuclear energy power generaton when life-cycle transformations are considered. We estimate that 0.97% of total land area or 3.1% of the total uncultivable land area of India would be required to generate 3400 TWh/yr from solar energy power system in conjunction with other renewable energy sources.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56921
Title: River diversion schemes versus waste water recycling for Bangalore city
Author: J Harsha
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science A ssociation, Vol 103, No 2, 25 July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56920
Title: Role of underutilized crops for combating iron deficiency in Indian population
Author: M Arivalagan, T V Prasad and M K Bag
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science A ssociation, Vol 103, No 2, 25 July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56919
Title: Role of integrated weed management strategies in sustaining conservation agriculture systems
Author: Bhagirath Singh Chauhan and Gulshan Maharajan
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science A ssociation, Vol 103, No 2, 25 July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 56918
Title: Studies on water quality and pathogenic bacteria in coastal water Langkawi, Malaysia
Author: K C A Jalal, H N Noor Faizul, M Azrul Naim, B Akbar John, B Y Kamaruzzaman
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 4, July 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Coastal waters, pathogenic bacteria, bacterial community, colony forming unit
Abstract: A study on physicochemical parameters and pathogenic bacterial community was carried out at the coastal waters of Pulau Tuba island, Langkawi. The physico-chemical parametes such as temperature (27.43 -28.880C), dissolved oxygen (3.79-6.49 mg l-1), pH (7.72-8.20), salinity (33.10-33.96 ppt), total dissolved solids (32.27 - 32.77 g l-1) and specific conductivity (49.83 - 51.63 m S cm-1) were observed. Station 3 and station 4 showed highest amount of nitrates (26.93 and 14.61 ?g at N l-1) than station 1 (2.04 ?g at N l-1) and station 2 (4.18 ?g at N l-1). The highest concentration (12.4+ ?g l-1) of chlorophyll a was observed in station 4 in October 2005. High phosphorus content (561 ?g P l-1) was found in the station 2. Thirteen bacterial isolates were successfully identified using API 20E system. The highest amount of bacteria was observed at Station 4 (3400 CFU ml-1) and the lowest number was at Station 2 (890 CFU ml1). OUt of identification 13 Gram-negative bacterial isolates dominant species were Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas baumannii, Vibrio vulnificus, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia alcalifaciens and Serratia liquefaciens. Apart from this, oil biodegrading Pseudomonas putida were also identified. The study reveals the existing status of water quality is still conducive and reasonably diverse with Gram-negative bacteria along the Pulau Tuba Langkawi.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None