ID: 57112
Title: Evaluation of reed resources in Latvia and analysis of its use for energy production
Author: Edgars Cubars, Gotfrids Noviks
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Wetlands, common reed, Phragmites australis, renewable energy, Biomass, environmental quality, clean energy
Abstract: The increasing demand for energy, limited resources of fossil fuel, as well as pollution of the environment and changes in the global climate have raised more interest about the renewable resources. The use of renewable resources has become a very important part of European Union policy. The aim of the paper was to analyse reed resources in Latvia, its dynamics, volume and quality to produce clean energy. The use of reeds as a renewable energy resource contributes in minimizing fossil fuel consumption. The paper presents the results of a research of reed resources in lakes of Latgale (a region in Latvia). The investigation of reed resources showed that in the region they are scattered and rational usage of them is connected with environmental aspects. The greatest amounts of reed resources are concentrated in the biggest lake in Latvia - Lubana Lake and near to it. Studies showed that the reed areas in Lubana Lake and Kvapanu ponds have doubled since 1997 and as a result these water reservoirs are becoming overgrown. Using direct measurement methdos and metering from distance, it was stated that the total reed resources of greatest Lake - Lubanas are about 6830 tons year-1 in area of 734 hectares and are situated in 701 reed blocks. The aggregated reed resources of Latgale region are 18 000 tones per year of dry biomass. The investigation proved that reed resources of the region are sufficient to replace up to 21 thousand tons of different fossil fuels. The physical properties of the reed were measured. Carbon quantity, ash content and structure, moisture content proved that reeds are a profitable fuel for heat energy production. Balanced harvesting of reed gives a positive influence on environment.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57111
Title: Simulating future urban growth in the city of Kahramanmaras, Turkey from 2009 to 2040
Author: Hakan Ogguz
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: SLEUTH, Future urban growth, Land use/land cover change, Remote sensing
Abstract: City of Kahramanmaras has witnessed a rapid growth in the last five decades due to its agricultural and industrial potential. Urbanization has brought great challenges to the sustainable development of cities, especially in developing countries. A modeling system that could provide regional assessments of future development and explore the potential impacts of different regional management scenarios would be useful for the future health of the cities. The main goal of this study was to create a modeling system capable of depicting, quantitatively and graphically, the growth impacts of two land use policies and trends in the city of Kahramanmaras. Given its success with regional scale simulation, its ability to incorporate different levels of land protection through an "excluded" layer, and the relative ease of implementation and computation, the model developed by Keith Clarke from University of California at Santa Barbara, known as SLEUTH, was adopted for this study. SLEUTH is a pixel-based cellular automation (CA) model and has been applied to several cities worldwide successfully. The model was calibrated using historic time series of developed areas derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery between 1984 and 2009, and future growth was projected out to 2040. Two alternative growth scenarios were modeled: (1) current trends, and (2) managed growth: regions with high landscape potential were protected from urbanization. This application of the SLEUTH model demonstrates an ability to address a range of regional planning issues and provides useful information for the cities ' future planning and development.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57110
Title: Vulnerability and adaptation of urban dwellers in slope failure threats-A preliminary observation for the Klang Valley Region
Author: P Thanaspackiam, Khairulmaini Osman Salleh, Fauza Ab Ghaffar
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Slope failures, vulnerability, adaptation, urban dwellers, Klang Valley Region
Abstract: This paper discusses the outcome of a research that examines the relationships between vulnerability and adaptation of urban dwellers to the slope failure threat in the Klang Valley Region. Intense urban landuse expansions in the Klang Valley Region have increased urban dwellers vulnerability to slope failures in recent years. The Klang Valley Region was chosen as the study area due to the increasing intensities and frequencies of slope failures threat. This paper examines urban dwellers vulnerability based on their (1) population and demographics characteristics (2) the state of physical structures of dwellings and (3) the situation of the immediate environment threatened by slope failures. The locations of slope failure incidents were identified, mapped and examined followed with a detailed field study to identified areas. The results identified significant relationships between vulnerability indicators and slope failures in the Klang Valley Region. The findings of the study are envisaged to give valuable insights on addressing the threat of slope failures in the Klang Valley Region.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57109
Title: Effects of urbanization on agricultural lands and river basins: Case study of Mersin (South of Turkey)
Author: Celalettin Duran, Halil Gunek, Ersin Kaya Sandal
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Urbanization, land use, degradation, basins of river, Mersin
Abstract: Largely, Turkey is a hilly and mountainous country. Many rivers rise from the mountains and flow into the seas surrounding the country. Mean while along fertile plains around the rivers and coastal floodplains of Turkey were densely populated than the other parts of the country. These characteristics show that there is a significant relationship between river bains and population or settlements. It is understood from this point of view, Mersin city and its vicinity (coastal floodplain and nearby river basins) show similar relatioship. The city of Mersin was built on the southwest corner of Cukurova where Delicay and Efrenk creeks create narrow coastal floodplain. The plain has rich potential for agricultural practices with fertile alluvial soils and suitable climate. However, establishment of the port at the shore have increased commerical activity. Agricultural and commercial potential have attracted people to the area, and eventually has caused rapid spatial expansion of the city, and the urban sprawls over fertile agricultural lands along coastal floodplain and nearby river basins of the city. But unplanned, uncontrolled and illegal urbanization process has been causing degradation of agricultural areas and river basins, and also causing flooding in the city of Mersian and its vicinity. Especially in the basins, urbanization increases impervious surfaces throughout watersheds that increase erosion and runoff of surface water. In this study, the city of Mersin and its vicinity are examined in different ways, such as land use, urbanization, morpholoyg and flows of the streams and given some directions for suitable urbanization.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57108
Title: Land use pattern at Alacam mountainous range land (submediterranean-Turkey) due to edaphic and physiographical factors
Author: Osman Yalcin Yilmaz, Orhan Sevgi, Huseyin Baris Tecimen, Serdar Carus, Ali Kavgaci
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Land use, sub mediterranean, physiographic, altitude
Abstract: Soil degradation is preceived as a major threat in the Mediterranean region due to land use pattern and projected climate change. As the high altitudinal mountainous lands are sensitive lands, the land use patterns at Alacam mountains were investigated in this study. The assessment of land use distribution is arranged with the altitude, exposure, slope and bedrock parameters. The spatial database of project was created using GRASS GIS open source software (GRASS Development Team, 2008). The scanned land use and main rock map of the project area rectified, digitized, and attributes of land use and bedrocks were entered into the database tables. Also raster SRTM3 data were imported into these databases for making physiographical factor (elevation, slope, aspect) maps. Our findings illustrated that the whole area of Alacam mountains is 282 480 ha were most of the area of the mass is located between 700-1300 m asl with 200 585 ha corresponding to 71% of the whole area. We detected two kinds of mis-land use; (1) agricultural activities applied at the slopes above 17% (representing 35 220 ha) and agricultural activities applied on metamorphic rocks (representing 872 ha). Total misuse of lands reached 36 092 ha comprised 12.77% of the whole area.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57107
Title: Morphological, anatomical and ecological studies on some Orchis (Orchidaceae) taxa of Mediterranean region, Turkey
Author: Ece Sevgi, Ernaz Altundag, Omer Kara, Orhan Sevgi, Huseyin Baris Tecimen, IIyas Bolat
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Leaf anatomy, Morphology of Orchis sp., Orchidaceae, Turkey
Abstract: In this study, nine species mainly distributed in Mediterranean (+ Aegean region) region of Turkey were investigated in terms of 15 morphological, 16 anatomical and 5 ecological characteristics. Those species are Orchis anatolica Boiss. , Orchis italica Poiret, Orchis laxiflora Lam., Orchis morio L. subsp. morio, Orchis provincilais Balbis ex DC., Orchis purpurea Hudson, Orchis sancta L., Orchis simia Lam., Orchis tridentata Scop. In conclusion, we found that O. laxiflora was characterized by the longest plant height and O. purpurea had the lognest leaf length and widest leaf width. Additionally, the other species which were characterized by differetn morphological and anatomical parameters are as follow: O. sancta with the longest bract length, O. italica and O.simia with the longest sepal lengths, O. laxiflora with the shortest and widest labellum, O. simia with the longest petal length, O. sancta with longest spur length and O. provincialis with the longest ovary length. Particularly, O. laxiflora and O. purpurea species present essential divergence from the aspect of anatomical features of leaf surface in comparison with the other species. Morphological and anatomical traits of the species were attributed to the habitat selections of the species since that character differs along with each species.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57106
Title: The phytogeography and ecotourism potential of the eastern province of lower part of the "Kopru river" basin
Author: Basturk Kaya, Ayhan Akis
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Kopru river basin, phytogeography, Mediterranean region, ecotourism
Abstract: Kopru River Basin is located in the western Taurus mountains in south-western Turkey. The area is in the Mediterranean phytogeographical region. The climate in the area is typically Mediterranean: mild and rainy in winter, hot and dry in summer. Xerophytic plants can easily grow in this climate. Pinus brutia forests are common in the study area. Maquis and garique elements with sclerophyll character also occur in the region. The study aims to determine the distribution of the vegetation in the eastern province of lower part of the " Kopru River" Basin. The factors which affect the distribution of vegetation are climate, landforms and soils. In order to determine the plant growth and climate relationship, the climatic data were analyzed. As well as the geological and geomorphological conditions, the soils were investigated and the effects of these factors on vegetation cover were analyzed. The region also has various attributes for the development of ecotourism, including canyons, forests and historical places. The region has a great potential for many different social, cultural, and scientific activities related to ecotourism. These are highland tourism, rafting, botanic tourism, trekking, and climbing. In order to make ecotourism available for local people to benefit, ecotourism should be developed and introduced to the world. Moreover, plans for the sustainability of the resources should be made. The study highlights the ecotourism potential of the area which is of social, economic, and ecological importance for the region.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57105
Title: Studies on the chorology, ecology, morphology and conservation strategies of Orchis anatolica Boiss (orchidaceae)
Author: Ernaz Altundag, Ece Sevgi, Omer Kara, Orhan Sevgi, Huseyin Baris Tecimen, IIyas Bolat
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Orchis anatolica, Orchidaceae, chronology, Ecology habitat, Morphology, conservation
Abstract: Orchis anatolica Boiss. is one of the Mediterranean species, which has wide distribution in Turkey. In this study, plant and soil samples of O. anatolica were taken from 26 natural populations in Turkey. There were one hundred ninety locality records in the Mediterranean region of Turkey, but we recorded two hundred sixteen localities thus adding twenty six new localities to the list. Twenty morphological parameters of O. anatolica were evaluated. The correlation coefficients between generatice characters and vegetative characters were lower than the character groups of correlation coefficients between themselves. It is found from sea level upto 1700 m . Most common habitats of O. anatolica are macchie, forest lands and stony soils. The soils are loamy, clayey-loam and sandy-clayey-loam and rich in organic matter. The pH of the soild varies from 5.87 to 7.92. Although O. anatolica has wide distribution in Turkey, different types of land uses are posing a threat for it and restricting its distributional area. Lacking the legal regulations about conservation of the O anatolica populations is one of the most striking requirement.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57104
Title: Biodiversity and land degradation in the lower Euphrates subregion of Turkey
Author: Munir Ozturk, Umit Kebapci, Salih Gucel, Esat Cetin E, Ernaz Altundag
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Biodiversity, Lower Euphrates, Land degradation, Turkey
Abstract: A total of 107 plant taxa were determined in this study, 24 being new records for the area. Out of 813 plant taxa reported from the study area 1000 species couldn ' t be verified. The number of endemics in the study area is around 46. The major families and genera area Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae and Astragalus, Euphorbia, Allium and Trigonella. The area shows a relatively rich and highly diverse fauna. For terrestrial vertebrate species peculiarly showing marginal distribution, this area forms their northermost distributional limits. Avifauna along the Euphrates valley is quite rich with 207 species. Globally threatened species, Geronticus eremita (Waldrapp), has been observed locally in the area. Many macromammal species once common have gone extinct. Out of 18 lizard species, 3 lizards are known only from the study area. There are 20 species of snakes, one being exclusively endemic to the study area. Nearly 30 fish species are found in Euphrates system. Very scanty information is available for the invertebrate fauna except for somegroups of Mollusca and Arthropoda. The biodiversity of the area is under threat from recent developments and abiotic interferences.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57103
Title: Biodiversity conservation status in the Republic of Kosovo with focus on biodiversity centres
Author: Veselaj Zeqir, Mustafa Behxhet, Hajdari Avni, Krasniqi Zenel
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Biodiversity centers, Sharri National Park, Bjeshkete Nemuna, Endemics
Abstract: This paper presents the most recent results on Kosovo biodiversity conservation efforts with focus on two main biodiversity centres of Kosovo: Sharri mountain (already declared as National Park) and Bjeshket e Nemuna mountains in process of designaton as National park. The study presents collection of up to date publications on biodiversity of Kosovo. Of course, there is still to be investigated particularly in the field of lower plants as well invertebrate fauna species. Beside the small territory of 10,887 km2, Kosovo is quite rich in both plant and animal biodiversity. Up to date 1800 vascular plant species have been recorded, while expected number is about 2500 species. Number of higher vertebrates is 210, while the invertebrates are not studied with exception of Lepidoptera with about 150 species. There is no Red List of species for Kosovo developed yet, while some short term conservation measures have already taken place.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57102
Title: Vegetation geography of western part of Elmacik mountain, Turkey
Author: Derya Evrim Kilic, Cercis Ikiel
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Elmacik mountain, Keremali hill, vegetation formation
Abstract: The study examines the western part of Elmacik mountain from the perspective of vegetation geography. Research area is within the phytogeographical region of Euro-Siberian that is among the flora and phytogeographical region of Turkey. According to Turkey ' s grid square system, the research area is located in the A3 square. The main elements of forest formation consist of Fagus orientalis, Abies nordamanniana subspp. bornmuelleriana, Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus spp., Platanus orientalis and Tilia argentea. Humid forests are dominant and the main elements of shrub formation consist of Buxus sempervirens, Rubus sanctus and especially Rhododendron ponticum subsp. ponticum. The main herbaceous formation area consists of Digitalis ferruginea subsp. ferruginea, Fragaria vesca, Euphorbia falcata, Crocus colchicum kotschyi and Verbascum sp. Distribution of natural vegetation varies due to climate, soils and morphologic character and of the research area. This situation was examined and defined by applying field surveys and geographical information systems.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57101
Title: Environmental assessment of the area surrounding Dam Rio Verde-Parana/Brazil. An overview of environmental geomorphology
Author: Claudia Moreira Garcia, Beatriz Rodrigues Carrijo, Gisele Sessegolo, Everton Passos
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Environmental geomorphology, Dam, Human influence, Rio Verde-Parana
Abstract: This paper presents a brief essay on the situation in which the environment of the dam of the Rio Verde Basin-Parana, from the vision of enviornmental geomorphology. The area is located between the cities of Campo Magro and Campo Largo, Parana plateau in the first part of the Alto Iguacu basin. This study aims to raise the concepts relating to environmental geomorphology, to identify the anthropogenic impacts caused in the reservoir areas, identify the environmental compartments found around the dam and characterize the geologic and physiographic region. It was found that the area has intense anthropogenic influence, as urban growth is present in areas and wavy and rought terrain, subject to mass movements and floods. Besides these aspects, the use of land for agriculture contributes to fragility of the area.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57100
Title: Inland sea as a unit for environmental history: East Asian inland seas from prehistory to future
Author: Kati Lindstrom, Junzo Uchiyama
Editor: Dr R C Dalela
Year: 2012
Publisher: Triveni Enterprises, Vol 33, No 2 (Supplement), April 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Journal of Environmental Biology
Keywords: Inland seas, landscape protection, environmental history, Asian landscapes
Abstract: The boundaries of landscape policies often coincide with political or economic boundaries, thus creating a situation where a unit of landscape protection or management reflects more its present political status than its historico-geographical situation, its historical function and formation. At the same time, it is evident that no unit can exist independently of the context that has given birth to it and that environmental protection in isolated units cannot be very effective. The present paper will discuss inland sea as a landscape unit from prehistory to modern days and its implications for future planning, using East Asian inland sea (Japan Sea and East China Sea) rim as an example. Historically an area of active communication, East Asian inland sea rim has become a politically very sharply divided area. The authors will bring examples to demonstrate how cultural communication on the inland sea level has influenced the formation of several landscape features that are now targets for local or naitonal landscape protection programs, and how a unified view could benefit the future of landscape policies in the whole region.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57099
Title: Studying the effect of the age of a tree on chemical composition and degree of polymerization cellulose
Author: Nima SeyedMohammadi, Mohammad Nemati, Ahmad Samariha, Asghar Tabei, Foad Ravanbakhsh and Majid Kiaei
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (ISEE), Vol 4, Issue 12, December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Cellulose, Eucalyptus camledulnnesis, lignin, tree age
Abstract: In this study, the effect of the age (6, 8 and 10 years) of Eucalyptus camledulnnesis on chemical composition, gravity and degree of polymerization of cellulose, was determined. Wooden samples were provided from plantation forests. In chemical analysis for each age, the percent of cellulose, hermicelloses, lignin, extractive, and ash were determined. Results show that by increasing of the age of tree, the amount of cellulose, extractives and lignin increased, but the amount of hemicellulose and ash decreased. Gravity of cellulose liquid also determined and then degree of polymerization (DP) was calculated. The obtained gravity for ages of 6, 8 and 10 relatively are 360, 570, and 620 ml g-1and DP was relatively 320, 540 and 666 units. At the end, by studying the obtained results in every step, the differences among each three ages were significant, but the difference between the age 6 with other two ages was more. The tree with 10 years older had the highest degree of polymerization but with consideration of the age factor, because of reduction in Forestry cost, the age 8 is suggested for productivity.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57098
Title: The hydrocarbon potential of the Nigerian Chad Basin from wireline logs
Author: K O Omosanya, A A Akinmosin and N A Adio
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment (ISEE), Vol 4, Issue 12, December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Nigeria, Chad basin, gas, logs, hydrocarbon, wireline
Abstract: The need to find an alternative energy source to the Niger Delta has re-enacted interest in the Nigerian Chad (Borno) basin; this work was done in order to evaluate the potential of the basin to generate commercial hydrocarbon. Three (3) Wirelien logs from well GUBIO #1, NGAMMA #1 and NGOR#1 of the OPL 419 in the Chad Basin were used for this study. The Gamma ray log, Caliper, Neutron, Density, Sonic, and Resistivity logs were used to identify the reservoir zones (lithology), fractured rock, determine Porosity, identify overpressures zones, and estimate the water and hydrocarbon saturation. In the analysis of the GUBIO#1 well SP and Gamma log were used to predict the environment of the deposition. Fourteen (14), Ten (10) and Eight (8) reservoir zones were delineated fro GUBIO #1, NGAMMA#1 and NGOR#1 respectively. With porosity ranging between 4.5-46%, 6-36%, & 2.%-44%, apparent resistivity of 0.0012-34.52? m, 0.02-9.23 ? m & 0.02-26.25? m, estimated water saturation (Sw) that lies within 0-35%, 4.9-45.2% & 21-100% for the three wells in that order. The environment of inferred from the SP log shows initial deposition of regressive and later transgressive to transitional sandstone facies. From this study, the Nigerian Chad basin is a petroleum province with abundant gas than oil and as such can be said to a gas province.
Location: TE 15, New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None