ID: 57322
Title: pH-based alteration of electrical conductivity and total protein profile of muscle of fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) as an indicator of aquatic pollution
Author: Rana Biswas and Bibhas Guha
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 4, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: pH, muscle conductivity, muscle protein, pollution, fish
Abstract: Alteration of elctrical conductivity and total protein profiles of muscle of Heteropneutes fossilis (Bloch) have been assessed as an indicator of responses to change in pH of the aquatic medium. Fish were kept in different aquaria containing tap water maintained at different pH levels (viz., 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0,10.0 and 10.5) for 48 hrs and the muscle was exposed to different electrical fields by subjecting them to 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 volt/cm. Required pH was accomplished by adding cone. HCl (AR grade) and NaOH (LR grade) in tap water. As protein is an organic semiconductor, the responses of electrical conductivity, protein band profiles (number, molecular weight and intensity of bands) and total protein content of muscle, if any, were anlayzed at different pH to evaluate the extent of damage/alteration caused by pH at protein level. pH not only modulated the muscleconductivity at the lower and higher levels, but also altered significantly in regard to both protein profiles and total protein content, indicating possibility and relevance of utilizing pH as a protein indicator of extent of damage inflicted on fish muscle protein and thereby to a considerable extent the degree of aquatic pollution.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57321
Title: Characterization, physicohemical and biological treatment of Sweet Whey (Major pollutant in Dairy effluent)
Author: Moomen Baroudi, Rana Kabbout, Hiba Bakkour, Fouad Dabboussi, Samir Taha and Jalal Halwani
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 4, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Sweet whey, physicochemical treatment, biological treatment, chemical oxygen demand, Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens
Abstract: The sweet whey resulting from cheese production is the most polluting among all types of dairy waste waters given that it contains a huge quantity of organic biodegradable matters. In this study, we realize a physicochemical treatment of sweet whey, by coagulation -flocculation using aluminium sulphate as a coagulant and sodium alginate as flocculent asn a biological treatment in suspension, using Pseudomonas fuorescens and Bacillus spp.
The physicochemical treatment by coagulation-flocculation has reduced 33% of the chemical oxygen demand, 45% of the turbidity, 72% of suspended matter and 20% of total phosphorus. The biological treatment has reduced considerably all the studied parameters; the organic charge determined by the chemical oxygen deamdn (COD) has received a very significant reduction upto 90% using Pseudomonas fluorescens during 20 days. On the other side, the biological treatment realized with Bacillus spp. was less effective, reduced the COD with 54% under the same conditions of the treatment by Pseudomonas fluorescens and for the same period. But these two bacteria are equally effective in reducing the total nitrogen TN (92% reduction/20 days).
This work presents a biotechnology for the treatment of sweet whey. It ' s an economic method, simple and environment friendly.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57320
Title: Application of multivariate statistical analysis to define water quality in Jajrud River
Author: G Asadollahfardi, A Kodadadi, B Paykani, Y Samady and R Asadollahfardi
Editor: Prof V Subramanian
Year: 2012
Publisher: Capital Publishing Company, Vol 9, No 4, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
Keywords: Water quality, Jajrud river, multivariate statistical technique, principal analysis, Box-Jenkins model
Abstract: The copious prevalence of water deficiency and the geographical location of Iran (arid and semi-arid zone) make acquiring enough accurate data of water quantity and quality for water management vital However, merely havin sufficient data without proper interpretation is rather worthless too when it comes to effective water management and thus, there are several techniques for analyzing water quantity and quality. In this work, statistical, method was used to analyze the data collected from the catchment area under study i..e Jajrud River, located in the North West of Tehran Province. The multivariate time series method was employed to analyze water quality parameters in the river. Box-Jenkins itme series model was also applied to the factor data resulted from the Multivariate time series. The results showed that the water quality parameters are not independent having a correlation coefficient larger than 0.3 The study also shows that ground water is the first effective factor, which causes increasing total dissolved solid (TDS) in the river. Domestic waster water pollution is the second-most important factor. Agricultural fertilizers and industrial waste may rank as the third and fourth pollution factors, respectively. Prediction of factor data using Box-Jenkins model was accurate and suitable which may be applicable to other place to model the factors data instead of many water quality parameters.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57319
Title: Heavy metals accumulation in fish species of Savitri river in Raigad district of Maharashtra
Author: K Yardi, R Jayasuriya and K Gurav
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment, Vol 5, Issue 10, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Heavy etal toxicity, CETP, fish, muscle, intestine
Abstract: A study was carried out to investigate the contamination of heavy metals in muscle and intestine tissue in 7 fish species adn 1 prawn species, caught at upstreawm and downstream points along the Savitri River in the Raigad district of Maharashtra. The river course has a discharge point in which the Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) discharges its treated effluent. Water analysis was carried out from 10 different locations in the upstream and downstream of the river from the discharge point. The common fish species available in the river course were collected and toxicity tests were carried out for the muscle and intestine samples for 3 metals: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that lower metal values were recorded in the water than fish organs. The concentrations of metals (mg lt-1) in water were below the levels recommended by the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board for drinking, except for Pb (0.31+0.02). The highest concentration (mg lit-1) of all heavy metals was recorded upstream, in the intestine of Etroplus suratensis (3.42+0.07 for Pb) while the lowest was recorded downstream, in the muscle of cynoglossus macroepidotus (0.07 +0.01 for Hg). There were significant differences (P<0.05) between mean concentrations in muscle and intestine as compared to water samples at both upstream and downstream sampling points. However, no significant differences (P>0.05) were recorded in mean concentrations between muscle and intestine in species, except for Cd and Hg levels in Liza tade, caught upstream and Cd level in Machrobrachium malcolmsonni, caught downstream (P<0.05). Overall results indicated that fish organs were slightly contaminated by heavy metals, mainly by Pb, but did not exceed the levels recommended by the Indian Food Safety adn Standards regulation (FSSAI), 2011.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57318
Title: Construction of some fractional canonical transformations and their generating functions
Author: F A Abd Ek-Salam
Editor: Prof Natarajan Gajendran
Year: 2012
Publisher: Indian Society for Education and Environment, Vol 5, Issue 10, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Indian Journal of Science and Technology
Keywords: Riemann-Liouville derivative, Fractional Euler-Lagrange equation, Fractional Hamilton ' s canonical equations
Abstract: The Fractional Calculus, in brief FC generalizes the differentiation and integration from integer to rational order. It enables us to derive equations of motion with non conservative classical forces using fractional Lagrangians. In this paper fundamental properties of fractional derivative are outlined. The behaviour of some elementary functions under the effect of the fractional differintegral operator is examined. Using the Riemann-Liouville differintegral, Fractional Euler-Lagrange equation is obtained. Fractional Hamilton ' s canonical equations are formulated. Different canonical transformations with different generating functions are derived. Fractional Poisson bracket is introduced. Fractional Hamilton-Jacobi equation is presented.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57317
Title: Structure and context of female song in a tropical bird, the Pied Bush Chat
Author: Vinaya Kumar Sethi, Dinesh Bhatt and Amit Kumar
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 7, 10 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Female song, Pied Bush Chat, song answering, song repertoire, tropical songbird
Abstract: Songbirds have been regarded as an important model system in the field of animal communication focusing mainly on songs by male birds. However, the occurrence, structure and sociobiological significance of song in female birds have been a long-neglected field. We describe here the structure and context of female song in a tropical avian species, the Pied Bush Chat (Saxicola caprata). All the females sang occasionally prior to nest-building through egglaying and rarely during incubation. We did not find significant difference in nay of the song type characteristics of the female song when compared with male. However, mean song repertoire size for females was significantly smaller than males. Females sang during aggressive interactions with floater or neighbouring females. Females also sang during intersexual vocal communication through song-answering. Observations suggest that females use song for mate defence and probably to convey some pair bond information to the mate. This study provides evidence for the occurrence of female song in the Pied Bush Chat which has other wise been widely overlooked so far.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57316
Title: Rainfall interception in relation to the tree architecture of Pinus wallichiana A B Jackson
Author: M A Wani and R K Manhas
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 7, 10 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Interception, Pinus wallichiana, stemflow, throughfall, tree architecture
Abstract: Vegetation cover protects the topsoil by way of itnercepting precipitation and reducing its direct impact on the soil. This communication presents the results of observations of rainfall interception in relation to the tree architecture and other features of Pinus wallichiana stand in Dal Lake catchment in Kashmir Himalayas. Stemflow (mm) was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by diameter at breast height (DBH, cm), tree height (m), nature of bark and attachment angles of lateral branches in tree height resulted into 1.5% decrease in stemflow. Also, smooth-barked trees conducted around 5.0% more of stemflow than rough-barked ones. Throughfall decreased significantly (P<0.001) with the increase in both DBH (cm) and height (m) and increased along the gradient of crown area. Throughfall was negatively correlated with downward branching pattren (r=0.83; P<0.05). Of the total average rainfall of 66.5 mm during the course of study, throughfall, stemflow and interception for the whole stand was calculated as 26.7%, 36.3% and 36.9% respectively. Interception percentage decreased significantly (P<0.001) with increase in rainfall. The amount (mm) of interception (r = 0.90; P<0.001), stemflow (r=0.96; P<0.001) and throughfall (r=0.99; P<0.001) increased significantly with increase in gross precipitation.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57315
Title: Primary productivity and organic matter distribution during SW and NE monsoon from Alleppey mudbanks, Kerala, India
Author: Biswajeet Thakur, Vandana Prasad and Rahul Garg
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 7, 10 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Diatoms, monsoons, mudbank, palynofacies, primary productivity
Abstract: Formation of mudbank during summer monsoon and its dissipation during winter is a characteristic feature of the southwest coast of Kerala, South India. Both southwest (SW) and northeast (NE) monsoons play an important role in the overall run-off-related changes and sedimentation pattern in this region that governs the primary productivity in the region. The present study is an attempt to assess primary productivity and precipitation - induced run-off-related changes using biotic proxies (diatoms and palynofacies) during NE and SW monsoons, from the surface sediments of the Alleppey mudbanks along Kerala coast. ANOVA test was performed on diatoms and palynofacies to assess their significance during both monsoonal periods. The study provides a significant insight into the monsoon controlled palynofacies distribution behavioiur pattern that attests to the concept of precipitation - induced high run-off during SW monsoon being ghe governing factor in the formation of mudbanks in this region.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57314
Title: Association of trace elements with various geochemical phases in the Indian sector of Southern Ocean during past 22,000 years and its palaeoceanographic implications
Author: K V Sruthi, Meloth Thamban, M C Manoj and C M Laluraj
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 7, 10 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Last Glacial Maximum, redox condition, sequential extraction, Southern Ocean, trace elements
Abstract: Adopting sequential extraction procedures, Ba, Cu, Mn, Ni, V and Zn concentrations were determined in the moderately reducible, organically bound, carbonate-associated and adsorbable fractions within a sediment core collected from the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. The elemental abundances were studied with reference to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), deglaciation and Holocene periods. The study showed, with the exception of Ba, elemental abundances in the following order: moderately reducible> organically bound> carbonate-associated> adsorbable fractions. Ba showed high affinity to organically bound an carbonate-associated fractions. Ba concentration revealed large variability (200-1400 ppm) within the carbonate associated fractin and is related to the reduced carbonate productivity during LGM and increased carbonate productivity during deglaciation as well as Holocene intervals. The relative increase in the concentration of V, Mn and Ni in the reducible fraction suggests enhanced suboxic ocnditions during LGM. The decreased concentrations of V, Mn and Ni during the deglaciation and late Holocene indicate oxygenated conditions. The suboxic conditions during LGM could be attributed to reduced ventilation resulting from reduced strength of the global thermohaline circulation at this time interval.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57313
Title: Concepts of species and modes of speciation
Author: B N Singh
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 7, 10 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: Cladogenesis, evolutionary process, modes of speciation, species definitions and concepts
Abstract: Species is a Latin word meaning ' kind ' . In biology, species is a basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. Traditionally, species has been considered as a basic category of biological classification and defined as a group of similar organisms showing the same essence which is based on typological species concept (essentialism). Later on, in the eighteenth century, the typological species definition was found inappropriate for biological species so mainly in the second half of the nineteenth century an entirely new species concept (biological species concept) was developed which was elaborated in detail by Mayr and Dobzhansky in the twentieth century. Biological species concept is the most widely accepted species concept. There are a large number of species concepts proposed from time to time by various naturalists, taxonomists and evolutionists which define species in different manner. There are various models to explain the modes of speciation basically based on geographic component such as sympatric, allopatric (dichopatric and peripatric) and parapatric. Further, chromosomal models have also been suggested to explain the modes of speciation.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57312
Title: Exploratory studies on diversity of bees with special emphasis on non-Apis pollinators in some natural and agricultural plants of Jammu division, India
Author: D P Abrol, Uma Shankar, D Chatterjee, V V Ramamurthy
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 7, 10 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57311
Title: Landslide delineation from space-borne radar data-issues and limitation
Author: Arindam Guha, K Babu Govindharaj, K Vinod Kumar
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 7, 10 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57310
Title: National Biodiversity Information Outlook - a roadmap for developing national biodiversity information infrastructure in India
Author: Vishwas Chavan, Jitendra Gaikwad, Mousumi Ghosh and Vinod B Mathur
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 7, 10 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57309
Title: Cephalopsorium maydis- a threat to maize in Telangana districts, Andhra Pradesh
Author: T Shobha Rani, K Sumalini, R Saikumar
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 7, 10 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57308
Title: Seed pulp significantly inhibits seedling emergence in Terminalia bellerica
Author: V Purohit, J S Butola, C P Kuniyal, R C Sundriyal
Editor: P Balaram
Year: 2012
Publisher: Current Science Association, Vol 103, No 7, 10 October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Current Science
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None