ID: 57592
Title: Screening of potential lignin degrading fungi from the litter of Mangifera indica
Author: P A Geethanjali
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Degradation, screening, lignin, lignolytic activity and litter
Abstract: Litter is the surface layer of the forest floor consisting of freshly fallen leaves, needles, twigs, stems, bark and frutis. Litter biota varies with depth and with stage of decay. Litter contain about 20-50% lignin. Because of the size and complexity of lignin, its decomposition rate is slow. Fungi especially basidiomycetes are generally recognized as the major group responsible for lignin degradation. The lignolytic enzyme are being used in food, textile, paper industries and in the degradation of lignin rich agro-waste. In the present work lignin degrading fungi were isolated from the litter of Mangifera indica. About 58% of the total fungi isolated were found to be potential lignin degraders. The isolates were tested for enzyme activity and those showing maximum activity were tested for their efficiency to degrade areca and coffee husk. the Chaetomium sp, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp and Trichoderma sp were found to degrade areca and coffee husk effectively.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57591
Title: Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Dunaliella bardawil (Chlorophyceae) in an experimental animal model
Author: A Jenitta A and S Jayasuriya
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Dunaliella bardawil, analgesic, anti-inflammatory carrageenan, Paw edema
Abstract: The effect of ethanol extract of Dunaliella bardawil was studied for its effect on acute and chronic phase (EEDB) inflammation and analgesic activity in mice. Present study involved analgesic methods such as, acetic acid induced writhing response method, tail clip method, formalin test and anti-inflammatory tests such as zymosan induced arthritis in mice and carrageen an induced paw edema method. The experiments were conducted with 3 different doses (150 mg/kg b.w. 300 mg/kg b.w and 450 mg/kg b.w) of extracts. In acetic acid induced writhing response test, maximum inhibition (59.45%) was obtained at a dose of 450 mg/kg after 3 hrs of drug treatment, whereas paracetamol (standard drug) produced 74.47% inhibition. In tail-clip test, the extract caused a significant (P<0.0001) inhibition of pain, in all the doses. There was a significant dose-dependent inhibition (54.39%) in formalin test. In carageenan induced paw edema, maximum inhibition (60.26%) was obtained at a dose of 450 mg/kg, indomethacin produced 65.78% inhibition and zymosan induced arthritis test showed a significant inhibition (89%). Significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and therapeutic efficacy of EEDB on animal models are comparable with those of standard drugs.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57590
Title: Enzymatic product from Calotropis gigantea for cheese making
Author: Rita Narayanan and C Naresh Kumar
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Enzymatic production, cheese and Calotropis gigantea
Abstract: The extract of the plant Calotropis gigantea was tried as an alternative source for the activity for milk clotting in the preparation of cheese. The extract obtained using 70% alcohol was subjected to a column of Sephadex -G-200. Five fractions were collected and their content of protein, activity of clotting and proteolysis determined. The second fraction showed higher activity of clotting and lower proteolysis, proving its ability as a suitable coagulant of milk in the preparation of cheese. The cheese prepared using the extract had almost the same chemical composition (moisture, fat and protein) as that of the control prepared out of calf rennet. The growth rate of rats fed with control and experiment cheese was almost similar. To conclude, the extract of the leaves of Calotropis gigantea could be used as an alternative source in the preparation of cheese. The leaves of the plant Calotropis gigantea could, therefore, be a good source for the coagulation of milk especially in small dairies in the developing countries which are engaged in the preparation of cheese.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57589
Title: Identification and molecular characterization of phytoplasma associated with peach disease in Western Uttar Pradesh
Author: Amit Prakash, Anupam Singh, Ashwani Kumar Singh, Sneha and Archana Prakash
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Phytoplasma, Peaches
Abstract: Recently, peach trees were showing symptoms of disease caused by phytoplasma, like leaf reddening, yellowing, leaf rolling symptoms were observed in peach growing areas in western regions of Uttar Pradesh. In nature phytoplasma are transmitted by leafhopper that may have occasional or permanent trophic relationship with their host. Plant pathogenic phytoplasma are all less, unculturable bacteria of class mollicates with a small genome size, which ranges from 530 to 1350 kilobases. Total genomic DNA was extracted from Different parts of peach tree by CTAB methods and with DNA isolation kit Quiagen (Germany). The Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed using Phytoplasma universal primer pairs. No PCR amplification was observed in the healthy plants. Amplification of phytoplasmal 16S rDNA gene, 16S-23S intergenic spacer region and 5 ' region of the 23S rRNA gene sequence in PCRs containing phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/P7, R16F2n/R2 and P1/rRNA gene sequence in PCRs containing phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/P7, R16F2n/R2 and P1/Tint and template DNA extracted from diseased peach platn confirmed that the plant were infected by phytoplasma. The phytogenetic relation to other Phytoplasma was evaluated through iphyclassifier.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57588
Title: Screening and identificaiton of degradable products by pectin lyase producing actinomycetes from Katpadi and Chittoor fruit industrial waste enriched soil samples
Author: Suneetha Vuppu, Bishwambhar Mishra, R Gopinath, Shrestha Sinha Ray, Kartik Gaurav K B, Pravesh Chaubey, Apoorvi Chaudhri and Kalyani Rath
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pectin lyase, actinomycetes, inducible enzyme, pectin, cock tail enzyme
Abstract: Pectinase is an inducible and extra cellular enzyme among those Pectin Lyase (PL) is a industrially exploited enzyme which cleaves ?-(1,4)-lycosidic linkage by trans elimination which results in galactouronidine with double bond between C-4 and C-5 at non reducing sugar ends. In our study we have screened Pectin lyase producing Actinomycetes or Actinobacteria from fruit industrial waste enriched soil samples collected from Katpadi and Chittoor. Many industrially enzymes needs presence of certain inducible and non protein substrates. In teh case of pectinase even though it is a cock tail enzyme but it needs same substrate, i.e. Water soluble colloidal high molecular weight carbohydrate normally present in ripened fruits i.e. pectin. Its estimation in some fruits and vegetables indicates the range of 0.6-30 mg/ mL and the cheapest source for pectin substrate. Among 100 soil samples two strains of Actinomycetes were exhibiting 52-65 PL/ml activity. Degradation of pectin were studied adn degradable products were analyzed and Future studies on purification, Strain improvement and statistical analysis is carried ouit.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57587
Title: Isolation and biochemical characterization of mid gut microbiota from different isolates of Anopheline Mosquitoes
Author: Amit chattopadhyay, Santanu Maitra, and Pranab Kumar Banerjee
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Anopheles, Malaria, gut-microbiota, Gram-negative, bioremediator
Abstract: Isolation and biochemical characterization mid-gut microbiota from different isolates of female Anopheles mosquito is performed. Observation reveals that most of these gut dwelling bacteria are Gram negative and also the members of group Enterobacteriaceae. The isolated bacterial colony showed a exponential pattern of growth rate. The aim of this study is to know about the type of heterospecific association between the gut dwelling bacteria and Plasmodium along with the ability of secretion of different types of enzymes viz. DNase, Protease and Amylase. Enzyme assay reveals that the protease activity is more in respect to other enzymes. It indicates that mid-gut microbiota can act as bioremediator.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57586
Title: Effect of mango pulp waste on soil physico-chemical, microbial and enzyme activities
Author: M Reddi Pradeep, Vimal Doss, A Praveen, A Janardhan and G Narasimha
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Fruit processing waste, soil characteristics, enzyme activities
Abstract: The effect of fruit processing (mango) industrial wastes on physico-chemical, biological and enzymatic activities such as protease, amylase and cellulase of soil was assessed in the present study. Discharge of wastes from mango industry alters the physico-chemical, biological and enzymatic activities of soil. These changes include increase in water holding capacity, electrical conductivity, phosphorous, potassium and carbon content in the polluted soil. Higher fungal and bacterial populations were observed in polluted soil than that of the control. Soil enzyme activities were measured with addition of substrates; casein (protease), starch (amylase) and carboxy methyl cellulose (cellulase) to the collected soil samples and teh hydrolytic and products like tyrosine and glucose formed from these substrates in the soil were estimated at periodic intervals. With increasing soil incubation period, the three enzymes, protease, amylase and cellulase activities were enhanced up to 14, 7 and 21 days respectively and further they declined in both polluted and non-polluted soils.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57585
Title: Investigation of water quality in relation to some physico-chemical parameters-A case study in Abbalgere tank of Shivamogga city, Karnataka, India
Author: Mahesh Anand Goudar, H A Sayeswara and B C Goudarashivannanavar
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Shivamogga city, Abbalagere tank, physico-chemical parameters, eutrophication, algal bloom
Abstract: A study was carried out in Abbalgere tank of Shivamogga to find the quality of water for a period of twelve months from January to December 2007. The present investigation is focused on the determinatiom of physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, DO, BOD, CO2, TDS, alkanity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, nitrates, phosphates and silicates. The estimated water quality parameters were compared with the standard values prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). The turbidity of the tank water was found to be highest during June-July and lowest in the month of December. BOD was highest in July and Lowest in November. The study revealed that there is greater degree of pollution in the studied tank and hence preventive measures are required to avoid further deterioration of tank water quality.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57584
Title: Studies on accumulation of five heavy metals in fish tissues collected from fish ponds of Haringhata area (Nadia) and their seasonal variation
Author: Satabdi Das, Bikash Biswas and Aparajita Biswas
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Heavy metals, contamination, seasonal variation, fish tissue, zinc and lead
Abstract: Concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd) were detemined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer in different tissues (liver, kidney, gill, muscle) of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita. Fish specimens were collected from ponds of three different areas of Nadia district in West Bengal during winter (December -January) 2010-11 and summer (May-June) of 2011. The results indicated that the fish accumulated only Zn and Pb in trace quantity while all other metals were present below the detectable range. Zn concentration increased during summer while Pb concentration increased during witner. It was concluded that the fish from these ponds were safe for consumption at its present level of heavy metal but appropriate measure should be taken to check souce of Zn and Pb contamination and prevent it.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57583
Title: Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated from diabetic patients
Author: V Rajalakshmi and V Amsaveni
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Klebsiella sp. and Proteus sp
Abstract: Diabetic foot wounds are a major complication of diabetes resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality due to a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. The present study evaluates the necessity of screening the bacterial pathogen in time and to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the suspected organisms, so as to help identify an empirical therapy. This reduces the consumption of wide spectrum of antibiotics which in turn forestalls a wide spectrum of antibiotics which in turn forestalls a wide spectrum of side affects and thus saves the diabetic victims from the extremity amputations. The study aims to screen the bacterial pathogens present in diabetic pus and to detemine their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance pattern against the recently used standard antibiotics (Amikacin (30 ?g), ampicillin (10?g), cefotoxime (30?g), ceftazidime (30?g), cefazolin (30?g), ceftriaxone (30 ?g),ciprofloxacin (10 ?g), gentamycin (10 ?g), imipenem (10?g), ofloxacin (5 ?g), penicillin-G(2 ?g), piperacilin (100 ?g), sulphamethazole (10 ?g), trimethoprim (10?g), vancomycin (30 ?g). The common pathogens isolated from the diabetic pus include Gram positive bacilli like (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogens, and Gram negative bacilli like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp and Proteus sp).
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57582
Title: Characterization of exopolysaccharide a pullulan produced by a novel strain of Aureobasidium pullulans-SB-1 isolated from the phyllophane of Brassica oleracea cultivated in Odisha state, India
Author: Bishwambhar Mishra and Suneetha Vuppu
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Aureobasidium pullulans, Pullulan, Brassica oleracea, EPS, Pullulanase, IR-Spectroscopy
Abstract: Pullulan, a great natural extracellular polysaccharide is obtained by fermentation using a isolated microbe, Aureobasidium pullulans -SB-1. The present work reports some of these aspects like screening of a new strain of A. pullulans SB-1 from the phyloplane of Brassica oleracea in natural environment for the first time. The screened microorganism was compared with standard cultures of A. pullulans (NCIM-976, NCIM-1048) for identification and characterization of exo-polysacharide (EPS) production. 2.4% of EPS was produced in the production medium by A. pullulans - SB-1 and its characterization was done by IR-Spectroscopy. The hydrolysis of this EPS was done with the pullulanase enzyme in which maximum 75% of pullulan was hydrolyzed after 300 min yielding 2.80 mg/mL of reducing sugars. The 3,5-dimethylsalicyclic acid and Nelson-Somogyi methods were employed in order to estimate the total amount of reducing sugar in the polymer.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57581
Title: Effect of integrated nutrient management on microbial activity influencing grainyield under rice-rice cropping system in an acid soil
Author: R Acharya, A K Dash and H K Senapati
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Nutrient management, Microbial population, grain yield, acid soil
Abstract: An experiment was carried out to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on microbial population, nutrient uptake and grain yield under rice-rice cropping sytem. The trial was conducted in an acid laterite (Inceptisol) soil of Bhubaneswar, Odisha during 2009 kharif and 2009-10 rabi. In all the treatments the rice grain and straw yield were significantly higher than that of control. Grain yield of rice was increased by 40.27% due to application of both inorganic and organic source of nutrients over 100% inorganic nutrients alone during both kharif and rabi. During kharif, highest harvest index (47.9%) was observed with 100% NPK + FYM +Lime treated plot. During rabi the highest Harvest Index (49.5%) was observed with 100% NPK + FYM treated plot. Nutrient uptake was highest due to integrated nutrient application than that of inorganic nutrients alone where as lowest value was observed with control plot where no nutrient was applied. Similarly highest microbial population was observed due to integrated application of inorganic fertilizer with organic manure. This is due to supply of more amount of carbon through organic manure.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57580
Title: Potentiation of antibiotic activity by citric acid against multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Author: Preeti G Dharmik, Ashok V Gomashe and Bharat J Wadher
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibiotic sensitivity, Potentiation
Abstract: Inspite the introduction of a wide variety of antimicrobial agents with anti-psudomonal activity, life threatening infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa contribute to morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The present study was conducted to detemine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from hospitalized patients and potentiation of antibiotic activity by citric acid against multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Out of 100 isolates os Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fifty were foudn to be resistant to one or more antibiotics tested. 0.05% and 0.1% citric acid was found to be effective in increasing the potency of all the antibiotics used in this study.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57579
Title: Development of high throughput real-time PCR array technique for screening of food samples for mycotoxin producing fungi contamination
Author: K K Ussuf, V Parekh and A K Sharma
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Real-time PCR, Molecular technique, PCR array, Mycotoxin producing fungi, screening of food samples
Abstract: A high throughput PCR array technique has been developed for the simultaneous detection of several mycotoxin-producing fungi by using Real-Time PCR. The primers were designed based on the key genes involved in the different mycotoxin producing biosysthetic pathway of aflatoxin, Patulin, Trichothecene, Fumonisins and Ochratoxin A with a uniform Tm (Melting Temperature) to use in a single array simultaneously. These primers were arranged in an array form for the simultaneous detection of 14 mycotoxin-producing fungi in a single reaction set up. The method was validated by using the standard authentic DNA isolated from different mycotoxin producing fungi and real-Time PCR was performed by using SYBR Green 1 fluorescent dye method. The valudated protocol was employed for screening the commercially available food samples by using the DNA isolated from the collected food samples. The results from these studies have shown that several commercially available food samples are contaminated with mycotoxin producing fungi. Thus this high throughput Real-Time PCR technology can be employed for the screening of food samples for detecting the contaminating fungi.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57578
Title: Mycological assessment and extracellular protein studies of pathogenic molds in oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivation
Author: Y Shalini and P Premasudha
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy, Dr P K Wong, Dr Sadhana Sharma
Year: 2012
Publisher: Global Sciences Publications, Vol 14, No 3, 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Oyster mushroom, enzyme production, growth medium, fungal amylase, cellulase lipase, xylanase
Abstract: The oyster mushroom of Pleurotus ostreatus is not only the source of nutrients but also pave the way for success of industry, one of the critical point is how to control the pathogenic molds during the process of production. A total of 69 isolates were obtained from mushroom cultivation units in Coimbatore and Erode districts. The fungal isolates were cultured on different media including PDA, SDA, MEA, OMA, WA, GA, CDA, Kcl agar. Growth of the fungal isolates on SDA, OMA and MEA exhibited rapid growth. The effect of pH, temperature, salinity, sources of carbon and nitrogen were tested for different fungal isolates. All the isolates were screened for the extracellular enzymes viz., alpha amylase, alkaline protease, cellulose, xylanase and lipase. Some selected strains that produce high levels of enzymes were grown in shake-flask, quantitatively evaluated for extracellular enzyme production and protein activity. The molecular weight of the enzymes was determined by SDS-PAGE and was found to be raning from 14.3 kDa to 97.4kDa.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None