ID: 57817
Title: Water-borne diseases a threat during monsoon season
Author: Sini Bhadrasenan Pushpangadan and C Radhakrishnan Nair
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (3), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Adimalathura, contaminated water, diseases
Abstract: Waters generally contain a mixture of pathogenic and non-pathogenic organisms. A number of viruses, bacteria and protozoa associated with more severe health outcomes may plausibly be transmitted through use of contaminated water. A study was carried out in Adimalathura (Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India) a small village for three months (may-august 2011). During the period of monsoon the patients were reported with Typhoid, dysentry, amoebiasis, acute diarrohea diseases.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57816
Title: Drinking water characteristics of Berhampur city, Orissa, India
Author: Lakshman Nayak, Simanchala and Durga Prasad Behera
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (3), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Drinking water, characteristics, Berhampur city, Orissa
Abstract: Drinking water characteristics of Berhampur city was studied during 2010 from six stations. The drinking water characteristics like pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solid, Total Dissolved Solid, Electric Conductivity, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Iron, Nitrate and Phosphate were studied. The pH value varied form 6.83 to 8.69. Dissolved oxygen varied from 0.1 mg/L to 7.6 mg/L. BOD varied from 2 mg/L to 6.8 mg/L. The maximum value of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was 90 mg/L and the minimum value was 20 mg/L. Similarly the high and low value of Total Suspended Solid, Total Dissolved Solid and Electric Conductivity were 25 mg/L and 4 mg/L, 120 mg/L and 5 mg/L and 22.4 mg/l & 1.3 mg/L. The Total Hardness, Magnesium Hardness and Calcium Hardness varied from 2 mg/L to 33 mg/L, 1 mg/L to 7 mg/L and 1 mg/L to 25 mg/L respectively. Likewise Iron and Nitrate values ranged between 0.1 mg/L to 20 mg/L and 0.001 mg/L to 0.122 mg/L and Phosphate value was 0.001 mg/L. The value of all the parameters were below the prescribed permissible limit of USPH, Who, European Standard and ICRMR, except the value of BOD which is slightly higher.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57815
Title: Comparative study of some specific contaminants in the air and rain waters at Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
Author: P K Pandey, Rekha Trivedi and M Pandey
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (3), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Atmospheric pollution, Major and trace elements, F S 240 AAS, spectrophotometer
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present analytical studies of contaminants at an urban sampling site which is free from any near source effect of pollution and to develop correlation between metals and human health, air and rain water pollution and correlation between toxic and heavy metals with environment. Twenty four hours samples were collected twice every month by a high volume sampler on a glass micro fiber filter paper. The particulates collected from November 2006 to October 2008 were extracted employing an automatic digestion system. The atmospheric concentrations were determined in these samples by Fast Sequential FS 240 AAS, Spectrophotometer 106. Some more equipments were also used for some specific ions like turbidity meter, ion selective electrode meter, flame photometer, gudzet method for sulphate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, arsenic respectively.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57814
Title: Physico-chemical profile and phytoplankton diversity of Murughamatta tank, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
Author: H A Sayeswara, Mahesh Anand Goudar and Nafeesa Begum
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (3), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, phytoplankton diversity, pollution tolerant species, Murughamatta tank, Karnataka
Abstract: Phytoplankton diversity and physico-chemical parameters are important criteria for evaluating the suitability of water for irrigation and drinking purposes. The study was carried out in Murughamatta tank of Shivamogga district of Karnataka State for a period of twelve months from January to December 2008. The estimated water quality parameters were compared with Standard values prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). The result of physico-chemical analysis revealed that the studied tank water is polluted as it possesses high BOD, free CO2 and phosphates. A total of 60 species belonging to 43 genera of phytoplankton were recorded, of which chlorophycean and diatoms were found to be dominant among four classes. Pollution tolerant species like Scendesmus quadricauda, Tetraedon muticum, Microcystis aeroginosa, Phacus sp., Euglena sp. and Coelastrum sp. were observed.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57813
Title: Removal of heavy metal ions through biosorption by activated sludge
Author: Ahmad Ashfaq
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (3), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Biosorption, toxic metals, aerobic sludge, biosorbent, sorption equilibrium
Abstract: The presence of heavy metals in the environment can be detrimental to a variety of living species, including human beings. A variety of biological materials have received increasing attention for heavy metal removal and recovery due to their good performance, low cost and large available quantities. Biosorbents are cheaper, more effective alternatives for the removal of metallic elements, especially heavy metals from aqueous solution. In this paper, based on the literature, the emphasis is laid on biosorption performance, modification, regeneration/ reuse, modeling of biosorption and potential application. The sorption isotherms were described by using the Langmuir and Freundlich models and the kinetic experimental data were correlated by the pseudo first and second-order models.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57812
Title: Prevalence of fungal pathogens in Pamba River basin, Kerala, India
Author: Abin Varghese, Manuel Thomas and Punnen Kurian
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (3), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: River Pamba, Sabarimala pilgrimage, Fungal pathogens
Abstract: Pamba, the third largest river in Kerala is starting from the foothills of Western Ghats and is exposed to millions of sabarimala devotees, every year. Pamba river water and its adjoining drinking water resources (<100 mt.) in upper and lower catchments of the river were examined for fungal cotamination. A total of 17 pathogenic fungi were obtained from river water during peak pilgrimage season, and 9 in the post season, while from drinking water 6 pathogens during peak season and 7 in post season. Fungal pathogens including keratinophylics and dermatophytes are isolated from both river and drinking water resources in Pamba river basin. Genus Fusarium and Aspergillus showed high rate of isolation irrespective of the season. There is no significant change in pathogenic diversity in ground water resources even after pilgrimage season, while surface water showed significant reduction in number of fungi isolated. A steady increase in fungal density was observed from upper to lower catchments of the river.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57811
Title: Determination of phytotoxicity of static pile compost from organic fraction of Municipal Solid Waste and dairy sludge
Author: G Manjula and T Meenambal
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (3), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Municipal Solid Waste, Paper & Pulp mill sludge, Phytotoxicity, Germination indes, Vigor Index
Abstract: The compost obtained from composting of organic fraction of Municipal Solid waste, Dairy Industry sludge and saw dust using different initial mix ratios (1:3, 1:6, 1:9) in static piles was used to evaluate phytotoxicity to green gram seeds (Vigna radiata) using seed germination method. The tests were repeated for compost obtained from organic fraction of MSW and saw dust without the addition of sludge. The control germeination test was carried out using deionized water. The results showed that composting generally reduced the phytotoxicity of the mixtures. The germination index was high in mix ratio of 1:9 in the compost obtained from the addition of Dairy Industry sludge and germination index was high in mix raito of 1:6 in the compost obtained without the addition of sludge. The germination percentage, Germination index and Vigor index values were relatively higher in the compost obtained with the addition of Dairy Industry sludge. The vigor index was found to be maximum in the mix ratio of 1:3 from the compost obtained with the addition of sludge.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57810
Title: Health hazards of some volatile organic compounds and a correlation between benzene and toluene
Author: A K Dash and RN Barik
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (3), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Volatile organic compounds, benzene, toluene, indoor pollution
Abstract: Anthropogenic Organic Compounds (AOCs), which include the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), have adverse effect on the environment, that is ultimately hazardouis to human health. Volatile Organic Compounds such as Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Cumene, Mesitylene and Durene (BTXCMD) are called Arenes, the aliphatic derivatives of benzene. Increase in population, rapid industrialization and fast urbanization impact a lot on the air quality in the atmosphere by emitting above unwanted Volatile Organic Compounds that leads to air pollution followed by ozone layer depletion and deterioration of fresh oxygen quality. Systematic correlation coefficient (r) has been calculated among the parameters Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (that are considered harmful pollutants in ambient air) for Nagpur city in India, and regression equation has been formulated by considering the strongest correlation, i.e. r ~ 0.9, through significant linear relationship that helps in rapid prediction of oen variable with high accuracy by taking another as an independent variable.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57809
Title: Determination of enrofloxacin residues in Bovine mild of Palakkad district using high performance liquid chromatography
Author: K P sreelekha, A R Nisha, Sanis Juliet, P T A Usha and C B Vineetha
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (3), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Enrofloxacin residues, HPLC, Milk residues
Abstract: The present study was undertaken to investigate the presence of Enrofloxacin residues in 20 bovine milk samples which was conducted in Pudussery and Perumatty Panchayat of Palakkad district. Enrofloxacin in positive samples was detected and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A linear calibration curve was obtianed with a correlation coefficient of 0.9864 while average recoveries were greater than 96.8% with RSD value of 0.54%. Out of 20 milk samples that were analyzed 2(10%) sample had detectable residue levels for enrofloxacin and it was avove the recommended maximum residue limit. The method described in this study would be useful for routine monitoring of enrofloxacin residues in milk.
Location: TE 15, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57808
Title: Operationa utilization of aerial multispectral remote sensing during oil spill response: Lessons learned during the deepwater horizon (MC-252) spill
Author: Jan Svejkovsky, William Lehr, Judd Muskat, George Graettinger, and Joseph Mullin
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 10, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement ' s (BSEE ' s) , Deepwater Horizon
Abstract: A rapidly deployed aerial multispectral sensor utilizing four channels in the visible-near-IR and one channel in the thermal IR was developed along with processing software to identigy oil-on-water and map its spatial extents and thickness distribution patterns. Following validation over natural oil seeps and at Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement ' s (BSEE ' s) Ohmsett test tank, the system was utilized operationally on a near-daily basis for three months during the Deepwater Horizon (MC-252) spill in the Gulf of Mexico in summer 2010. Digital, GIS-compatible analyses were produced and disseminated following each flight mission. The analysis products were utilized for a multitude of response activities including daily offshore oil recovery planning, oil trajectory modeling, dispersant application effect documentation, beached oil mapping and documentation of the relative oil amount along the spill ' s offshore perimeter. The system ' s prime limitation was its relatively narrow imaging footprint and low sun angle requirement to minimize sunlight, both of which limited the total area that could be imaged each day. This paper discusses the system ' s various applications as well as limitations that were encountered during its use in the Deepwater Horizon incident.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57807
Title: Mapping individual tree species in an urban forest using airborne lidar data and hyperspectral imagery
Author: Caiyun Zhang and Fang Qiu
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 10, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: urban tree species, urban forest,
Abstract: We developed a neural network based approach to identify urban tree species at the individual tree level from lidar and hyperspectral imagery. This approach is capable of modeling the characteristics of multiple spectral signatures within each species using an internally unsupervised engine, and is able to catch spectral differences between species using an externally supervised system. To generate a species-level map for an urban forest with high spatial heterogeneity and species diversity, we conducted a treetop-based species identification. This can avoid the problems of double-sided illumination, shadow, and mixed pixels, encountered in the crown-based species classification. The study indicates lidar data in conjunction with hyperspectral imagery are not only capable of detecting individual trees and estimating their tree metrics, but also identifying their species types using the developed algorithm. The integration of these two data sources has great potential to take the place of traditional field surveys.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57806
Title: A flexible methematical method for camera calibration in digital aerila phootgrammetry
Author: Rongfu Tang, Dieter Fritsch, Michael Cramer, and Werner Schneider
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 10, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Additional parameters (APs), Utracam X, Utracam Xp, DigiCAM camera system.
Abstract: Self-calibration plays a significant role in the automatic interior/exterior orientation of camera systems. This paper presents a new family of self-calibration additional parameters (APs) for digital airborne camera calibration. Photogrammetric self-calibration can (to a very large extent) be considered as a function approximation problem in mathematics. Based on the rigorous approximation theory, a new family of so-called Legender self-calibration AMPs is developed from the orthogonal Legendre Polynomials. An approach is suggested to assess the full potential of in-situ camera calibration. The performance of Legendre APS is investigated in many field tests on the DMG, Utracam X, Utracam Xp and DigiCAM camera system.The external accuracy in the tests can reach 0.2 GSD and 0.4 GSD in horizontal and vertical dimensions, respectively. The posterior standard deviation estimation of image measurements is approx. 0.12 pixel or even less. The advantages of Legendre APS are illustrated over the conventional counterparts. From both the theoretical and practical views Legendre APS are orthogonal, rigorous, flexible, and effective for calibrating frame-format airborne cameras.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57805
Title: Generation of a U S National urban land-use product
Author: James A Falcone and Collin G Homer
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 10, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: urban land uses, Anderson Level II classification, National Land Cover Database (NLCD)
Abstract: Characterization of urban land uses is essential for many applications. However, differentiating among thematically detailed urban land uses (residential, commercial, industrial, institutional , recreational, etc) over broad areas is challenging, in part because image-based solutions are not ideal for establishing the contextual basis for identifying economic function and use. At present no current United States national-scale mapping exists for urban land uses similar to the classical . This paper describes a product that maps urban land uses, and is linked to and corresponds with the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2006. In this product, NLCD urban pixels, in addition to thier current imperviousness intensity classification, are assigned one of nine urban use classes based on information drawn from multiple data sources. These sources include detailed infrastructure information, population characteristics, and historical land use. The result is a method for creating a 30 m national-scale grid providing thematically-detailed urban land use information which complements the NLCD. Initial results for 10 major metropolitan areas are provided as an on-line link. Accuracy assessment of initial products yielded an overall accuracy of 81.6 percent.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57804
Title: Automated georegistration of high-resolution satellite imagery using a RPC model with airborne lidar information
Author: Jaehong Oh, Changno Lee, Yangdam Eo, and James Bethel
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 10, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: High-resolution satellite imagey (HRSI), rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs), lidar intensity, Kompsat -2 images
Abstract: A large amount high-resolution satellite imagey (HRSI) has been available in the commercial market because of its value in creating accurate base maps for various applications. As massive amounts of HRSI are acquired globally by satellites with short revisit times, automated but accurate georegistration is still required despite advances in precise orbit tracking and estimation. Motivation by the attractive properties of airborne lidar data, such as their high resolution and accuracy, this study proposes a new automated method for refining the HRSI with rational polynomial coefficients (RPCs) using airborne lidar information. By projecting the lidar intensity return into the HRSI space, the image matching complexity is reduced to a simple, 2D case. The true challenge is in overcoming the difference between the HRSI and the lidar intensity return to allow for reliable matching. To this end, this paper proposes a new method based on simple relative edge cross correlation (RECC) with a screening method to prevent false matching. To make the approach more robust, data snooping was added for a final detection of outliers. Experiments were performed using three Kompsat -2 images and the potential of the approach was confirmed, showing sub-pixel accuracy.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57803
Title: A supervised and fuzzy-based approach to determine optimal Multi-resolution image segmentation parameters
Author: Hengjian Tong, Travis Maxwell, Yun Zhang, and Vivek Dey
Editor: Russell G Congalton
Year: 2012
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 78, No 10, October 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Image segmentation, Fuzzy
Abstract: Image segmentation is important for object-based classification. One of the most advanced image segmentation techniques is multi-resolution segmentation implemented by eCognition. Multi-resolution segmentation requires users to determine a set of proper segmentation parameters through a trial-and-error process. To achieve accurate segmentations of objects of different sizes, several sets of segmentation parameters are required: one for each level. However, the trail-and-error process is time consuming and operator dependent. To overcome these problems, this paper introduces a supervised and fuzzy-based approach to determine optimal segmentation parameters for eCognition. This approach is referred to as the Fuzzy-based Segmentation Parameter optimizer (FBSP optimizer) in this paper. It is based on the idea of discrepancy evaluation to control the merging of sub-segments to reach a target segment. Experimentation accuracy by more than 16 percent, reduces teh operation time from two hours to one-half hour, and is operator independent.
Location: TE 12, Biologicalsciences Building, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None