ID: 57952
Title: A need for organic farming practices to control pollution in water, soil and environment
Author: K Guruswamy and K Balanaga Gurunathan
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Polluted water, polluted soil, contamination, organic farming and conventional farming
Abstract: The paper presents various data to prove that global demand for organically grown food is increasing and the benefits of organic farming like better environmental, health and pollution control.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57951
Title: The evaluation of various sources of pollution in Nagpur city, Maharashtra, India and suggestions to control it
Author: R N Deshmukh and N A Tambe
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Sources, control, noise, air, water , pollution
Abstract: The paper describes various sources of pollution in a fast growing city, Nagpur, India and how the growth in infrastructure and construction activities has made the life miserable for its inhabitants.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57950
Title: A preliminary dose and time dependent study on Trapa natans dried fruit powder extract as coagulant - Flocculent for turbid water treatment
Author: Varsha Patale, Jay Pandya and Kalpesh Mehta
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Coagulant, Trapa natans, Flocculation, Kaolin, Turbidity
Abstract: Lab scale experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of powder extract isolated from the fruits of Trapa natans (also known as Singoda, Singada) as flocculent for the treatment of turbid water samples containing synthetic turbidity of kaolin. Jar test expeiments at optimum pH and time were carried out for 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 (NTU) levels of turbidity in the flocculent dose range, of 0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg, 0.8 mg, 1.2 mg, 1.6 mg and 2.0 mg/L. The flocculation efficiency of Trapa natans fruit dried powder at different turbidity levels and the effects of flocculent dose on percent removal of turbidity are reported. At all the experimental turbidity levels, the increased flocculent dose increased the percentage of turbidity removal upto a certain level, beyond which further increase in dosage showed a decreasing trend in the removal. The optimum dose of the flocculent in the present study was found to be 0.8 mg/L. Trapa natans dried powder has higher efficiency in removing high turbidity in comparision with low turbidity. Highest turbidity removal (88%) was obtained with very high i.e., 100 NTU initial turbidity. The dried powder of Trapa natans fruit is an ecofriendly and low cost anionic polysaccharide capable of reducing suspended particles helps in lowering turbidity of water/wastewater through flocculation process.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57949
Title: Assessment of air pollution in industrial areas- A case study
Author: S Harinath and Usha N Murthy
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Air pollution, industrial ara, Bengaluru
Abstract: The air quality monitoring sutdy has been carried in industrial areas of Bengaluru city for about three important parameters for the specific perid and analyzed as per standards. It is observed that most of the samples are violating the Central Pollution Control Board, India (CPCB) norms.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57948
Title: Assessment of heavy metal toxicity on some vegetables and fruits sold in the streets of Berhampur city, Odisha, India
Author: S P Adhikary
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Heavy metal, bio-monitoring, vehicular emission, toxicity, washed
Abstract: Air being an important and vital component of earth ' s environment, a slight modification of its composition by pollutant load can have caused effects on the growth, development and survival of different organisms in this planet. Urbanization is inevitable as it is directly linked with the process of industrilization and economic development. Air pollution has become a growing problem in mega cities and large urban areas throughout the globe and transportation is recognized as the major source of air pollution in many citites. Vehicular emissions have drastic impact on living and nonliving components of the ecosystems. The growth of motor vehicle populationin any city determnes the contribution of auto emissions to the overall air pollution in that city. In busy work schedule of people there is no time in their way of life to purchase vegetable and fruits from vending zones. According to need of people vegetable and fruits are sold in the streets, bus stops and city complexes where the auto mobile emissions are more and they become contaminated by deposition of heavy metal on their surfaces. People have been suffering from abdominal disease by consuming these vegetables and fruits. The present study has been planned to study the levels of heavy metal deposition on the fruits and vegetables sold along the road sides of Berhampur streets, bus stops and city complexes. Mostly Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe are the heavy metal deposited on the vegetable and fruits. The values found exceed the permissible limit of WHO. Hence, awareness should be created among the people and vegetable and fruits seller to avoid road side sell and use proper vending zone marked by municipality.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57947
Title: Decolourization and deodourization of soyabean oil by activated carbon
Author: Geetesh Goyal and Anjani K Dwivedi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Antioxidant, Free fatty acid, moisture & volatile, peroxide value, phoshatides, activated carbon, degumming, neutralization, bleaching, deodourization
Abstract: Crude fats and oils contain varying quantities of impurities such as phosphatides, mucins, free fatty acids, dyes and substances which affect the odour and colour. (Erickson et al. 1980). These impurities are removed at various steps in the conventional chemical refining, which includes degumming, neutralization, washing, drying, bleaching, filtration, and deodorization. Degumming is done to remove phosphatides. Hydratable phosphatides can be precipitated by adding water to the oil, nonhydratable phosphatides must be destroyed by adding acids Free-fatty acids are removed by neutralization with alkali hydroxides leading to soaps which can be removed. Undesirable coloured impurities are removed by bleaching with an adsorptive reagent. The undesirable compounds are adsorbed and can be reoved together with the adsorbent by filtration. The last step is deodourization and by this step undesirable volatile and odoriferous materials are removed. During decolorization and deodorization process many antioxidant get lost. Soybean oil contains luxury antioxidants like tocopherols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phytosterols. The percentage of loss of antioxidant is less in Activated carbon process. The experiment shown that FFA in crude oil reduces from 0.8% to 0.06% in both process which is in acceptable limit, Moisture and volatile in crude oil 0.6% to 0.1% in conventional process and up to 0.11% in Bleaching by Activated carbon process which is in limit, Peroxide value reduce from 1.7 ppm to 0.18 ppm in case of earth while in 0.2 in case of activated carbon which is same, % Phosphatides reduce from 936 ppm to 6 ppm by Activated carbon and up to 4.5 ppm by Earth which is in under limit. Colour reduction is from 38 unit to 13 unit by activated carbon while color reduce to 16 unit by Earth, hence colour reductionis better in case of activated carbon. Order reduction is almost same in both cases. In accordance with the improved refining process by activated carbon of the present invention, it is possible to eliminate two conventional refining steps such as Neutralization and water treatment. Despite the eliminated steps, theend product refined Oil is acceptable with respect to prevailing industry standards for taste, odor, and color. This conventional step elimination is possible because activated carbon treatment reduces phospholipids and FFA up to acceptable limit and is, moreover, storage stable Therefore activated carbon method reduces power consumption. This is extra added advantage.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57946
Title: Studied on physicochemical profiles of lakes in and around Davangere city, Karnataka, India
Author: Nafeesa Begum, T Vasantha Naik and H A Sayeswara
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Physico-chemical characteristics, Hadadi lake, Bathi lake, Yelebethur lake, Davangere
Abstract: The present study deals with the assessment of water quality of four lakes namely TV-station reservoir, Yelebethur lake, Bathi lake and Hadadi lake in and around Davangere city. The physico-chemical characteristics were studied and analyzed during September 2003 to August 2005. The present study shows detailed account on physico-chemical characteristics and quality of water. The sumemr, rainy and winter seasons whos fluctuations in various physico-chemical parameters. The present investigations indicates that BOD values were relatively high in case of Bathi lake when compared to TV-Station Reservoir and Yelebettur Lake. Bathi Lake and Hadadi lake recorded relatively high turbidity. BOD values recorded maximum in Hadadi lake with 7.0 mg/L and in Bathi lake with 5.9 mg/L. COD recorded maximum in Bathi lake with 225 mg/L and in Hadadi lake with 110 mg/ L during summer. High COD value indicates organic pollution in Hadadi and Bathi lakes.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57945
Title: Performance evaluation study on water treatment plant in beverage industry: A case study
Author: Ahmad Ashfaq and Pratiksha Sharma
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Water treatment, water treatment performance evaluation
Abstract: The present study has been undertaken to evaluate performance efficiency of a water treatment plant. Water samples were collected at dfifferent stages of treatment units and analyzed for the major water quality parameters, such as pH, conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, hardness and total dissolved solids (TDS). The performance efficiency in treating the pollutants was calculated. Results suggested that the prameters studied were within the standard range. The company has implemented treated water quality monitoring standards to ensure quality, sustainability and to develop and improve source water management practices across the plant.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57944
Title: Threat to environment by heavy metal pollution: Adverse effects and tecnologies to remediate it
Author: Ahmad Ashfaq
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Heavy metals, wastewater, conventioanl & biological treatment
Abstract: Increased use of metals and chemicals in process industries has resulted in generation of large quantities of effluent that contain high level of toxic heavy lmetals. Discharge of heavy metals is knwon to have adverse effects on the environment due to their non degradable and persistence nature. Environmental engineers and scientist are faced with the challenging task to develop appropriate low cost techniques for metal loaded effluents. Conventional methods for removing metals from aqueous solutions include chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation or reduction, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment, reverse osmosis, membrane technologies and evaporation. Most of these treatment processes have been successfully employed in removing heavy metals, however, a major disadvantage with conventional treatment technologies is the production of toxic chemical sludge and its disposal or treatment becomes a costly affair and is not eco-friendly. Biological materials have emerged as an economic and eco-friendly option. The purpose of this paper is to examine certain heavy metals, their biotoxic effectgs on humans and processes currently available for heavy metal treatment.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57943
Title: Groundwater pollution modelling - A case study for Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu, India
Author: Usha Natesan and K Deepthi
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Groundwater, Noyyal river, pollution, Visual MODFLOW
Abstract: Tamil Nadu is not endowed with perennial rivers. Development of bleaching and dyeing in around Tiruppur Block has led to groundwater pollution. Groundwater flow model, Visual MODFLOW was used to understand and predict the groundwater contamination. Water levels were measured with water level recorder in 20 wells and samples were collected and analyzed for TDS concentration. The location of industries, their effluent characteristics, their point of discharge into the river, aquifer characteristics and lithology were given as inputs to the Visual MODFLOW model. Groundwater velocity, direction and paths of contaminant transport were obtained for selected locations for a specified time period. From the water level and velocity vectors, depletion of groundwater in some areas due to the pumping for agricultural purpose is inferred From the groundwater flow pattern, it is clear that Noyyal river acts as source of recharge of groundwater and Chinnakarai river and Nallar river acts as a drainage. At present, the industries discharge their effluents with high TDS concentration. Simulated scenario for 2009 with a decrease in TDS concentration (if it happens due to stringent action) indicates considerable improvement in the groundwater qualtiy. This encourages the utilization of the models in decision making in ground water management.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57942
Title: Evaluation of ambient air quality based on AQI for Vadodara city
Author: H U Purohit, S P Shah and N A Desai
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Ambient air, Air Quality Index (AQI)
Abstract: Annual average concentrations of parameters like Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) were estimated at 10 representative locations of Vadodara city during 2009-2010. National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 1998, and revised National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 1998, and revised National Ambient Air Quality Standard, 2009 were used for the determination of air quality index (AQI), which, was assessed based on obtained data of air quality and standards. Severity of considered locations were also identified. Selected locations were compared based on specified rating.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57941
Title: Effect of 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-Diol on pollen germination of plant Catharanthus roseus Linn
Author: Samruddha Phadnis, Yogesh Pawar, Yash Gupte, Seema Menon and Ganesh Iyer
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-diol, Pollen germination
Abstract: Plant Bacterial Diseases cause a major loss in the plants with medicinal and horticultural value. A bactericide 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol commonly known as Bronopol has been used to spray on plants having bacterial diseases or to prevent bacterial diseases. The flowers of the plant Catharanthus roseus Linn. have been used to study the effect of bactericide 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol on the germination of pollen grain. The present study reveals the reduction in pollen grain germination and pollen tube length with the use of bactericide 2-bromo-2-nitropropane -1,3-diol.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57940
Title: Boiler drum water, swas followed by demineralised and raw water quality " A review on stable water chemistry and its quality of India ' s largest captive power plant, 9 x 135 MW CPP vedanta Jharsuguda" Orissa, India
Author: Gattu Rambhav, G Sambasiva Rao and Gyanendra Kumar Srivastava
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: SWAS, Process water and steam, chemistry, DM Water quality
Abstract: Coal based Captive Power plant is the basic source of energy (Power Generation) for the utilization in industry for manufacturing units as well as domestic purposes. The systematic approach adopted for boiler water circuits and converted into steam to generate power through turbo generator systems. Boiler water and steam chemistry play an important role to sustain and perform of boiler efficiency for a long period and also helping to generate optimum power. In another side reduces maintenance cost in respect to boiler tube leakages due to maintain water chemistry under norms. Overall if conclude Boiler water and steam chemistry of this entire circuit play an important role to increase the life span of assets. Highest optimum power generation and reduces maintenance cost, which is tangible benefits for the power generation units. Quality of DM water, Boiler Drum, Economizer, Super heater and Super saturated steam sustain under the specified norms. All boiler related parameters maintained its performance better than designed of the plant. The detail study was carried out from April, 2010 to Sept, 2011. From the results of the study it was found that regular focus and observations are required to maintain physico-chemical parameters to run the plant efficiently in respect to water chemistry.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57939
Title: Effect of curcumin (Turmeric) and Azadirachta (Neem) on cadmium accumulation in whole body of fish Danio rerio
Author: Satabdi Das, Bikash Kanti Biswas and Aparajita Biswas
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Cadmium, bioaccumulation, Danio rerio, turmeric, Neem
Abstract: Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Cadmium will invariably be present in our society, either in useful products in the form of nickel-cadmium batteries, dyes, plastics, electrochemistry, paint pigments or in controlled wastes as a major source of pollution. Traditional herbs have more acceptance than prescription drugs in many cultures. In our present investigation, two herbal products, curcumin (turmeric) and neem (Azadirachta indica), were used to study their effect on cadmium bioaccumulation in whole body of fish Danio rerio. It was found that the accumulation of Cd was minimized to the level of control when the fishes were treated with Cd and neem combination. Turmeric also reduced the accumulation, but the rate was lower.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 57938
Title: Study on optimization of methyl parathion degradation by Bacillus thuringiensis INRS7 isoalted from soil
Author: Nehal Salvi and Aruna K
Editor: Dr R K Trivedy
Year: 2012
Publisher: EM International, Vol 31 (4), 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Methyl parathion, Bacillus thuringiensis INRS7, para-nitrophenol
Abstract: A soil bacterium capable of utilizing and degrading methyl parathion (MP), a toxic organophosphorus pesticide, as carbon source was isolated from the garden soil. The strain was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis INRS7 based on the morphological, cultural, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Primary screening was done spectrophotometrically by measuring change in absorbance of the culture at 410 nm due to formation of para-nitrophenol (PNP), a degradation product of MP. Maximum MP degrading activity by the selected isolate was obtained in optimized mineral salts medium (K2SO4, 0.015%; MgSO4.7H2O, 0.025%; CaSO4, 0.0045%; FeSO4.7H2O, 0.00015%) containing MP (187.5 mg/L) with NaCl (0.1%) and tryptone (0.25%) at pH 6. The optimum activity was observed in a shaker culture (120 rpm) with the optimal density of 0.5 OD530nm, at 300C for 5 days. No significant effect on growth or the degradation of MP was seen when other phosphorous sources like KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 (0.1%) were provided to the isolate, suggesting that MP is used effectively as phosphorous source. MP was the sole source of carbon in the minimal medium used for growth by the isolate. There was a decrease in degradation of MP, when other additional carbon sources were provided; suggesting that usage of MP was under a negative feedback control. Biodegradation analysis of MP was done by HPLC which showed the presence of PNP. Thus the isolate Bacillus thuringiensis INRS7 could be considered as a potential candidate to reduce contamination by methyl parathion and hence useful in bioremediation.
Location: TE 15, Biological Science Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None