ID: 58092
Title: Historic building information modelling - Adding intelligence to laser and image based surveys of European classical architecture
Author: Maurice Murphy, Eugene McGovern, Sara Pavia
Editor: Derek Lichti
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, VOl 76, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: CAD, Cultural heritage, Modelling, Architecture, Building, software
Abstract: Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) is a novel prototype library of parametric objects, based on historic architectural data and a system of cross platform programmes for mapping parametric objects onto point cloud and image survey data. The HBIM process begins with remote collection of survey data using a terrestrial laser scanner combined with digital photo modelling. The next stage involves the design and construction of a parametric of a parametric library of objects, which are based on the manuscripts ranging from Vitruvius to 18th century architectural pattern books. In building parametric objects, the problem of file format and exchange of data has been overcome within the BIM ArchiCAD software platform by using geometric descriptive language (GDL). The plotting of parametric objects onto the laser scan surveys as building components to create or form the entire building is the final stage in the reverse engineering process. The final HBIM product is the creation of full 3D models including detail behind the object ' s surface concerning its methods of construction and material make-up. The resultant HBIM can automatically create cut sections, details and schedules in addition to the orthographic projections and 3D models (wire frame or textured) for both the analysis and conservation of historic objects, structures and environments.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58091
Title: One billion points in the cloud- an octree for efficient processing of 3D laser scans
Author: Jan Elseberg, Dorit Borrmann, Andreas Nuchter
Editor: Derek Lichti
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, VOl 76, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Octree, Tree data structure, data compression, Frustum culling, Ray casting, RANSAC, Nearest neighbor search
Abstract: Automated 3-dimensional modelling pipelines include 3D scanning, registration, data abstraction, and visualization. All steps in such a pipeline require the processing of a massive amount of 3D data, due to the ability of current 3D scanners to sample environments with a high density. The increasing sampling rates make it easy to acquire Billions of spatial data points. This paper presents algorithms and data structures for handling these data. We propose an efficient octree to store and compress 3D data without loss of precision. We demonstrate its usage for an exchange file format, fast point cloud visualization, sped-up 3D scan matching, and shape detection algorithms. We evaluate our approach using typical terrestrial laser scans.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58090
Title: Automatic orientation and 3D modelling from markerless rock art imagery
Author: Jose L Lerma, Santiago Navarro, Miriam Cabrelles, Ana E Segui, David Hernandez-Lopez
Editor: Derek Lichti
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, VOl 76, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Automation orientation matching, Bundle adjustment, Close range imagery, Terrestrial laser scanning
Abstract: This paper investigates the use of two detectors and descriptors on image pyramids for automatic image orientation and generation of 3D models. The detectors and descriptors replace manual measurements and are used to detect, extract and match features across multiple imagery. The Scale-Invariant Feature Tarnsform (SIFT) and the Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) will be assessed based on speed, number of features, matched features, and precision in image and object space depending on the adopted hierarchical matching scheme. The influence of applying in addition Area Based Matching (ABM) with normalised cross-correlation (NCC) and least squares matching (LSM) is also investigated. The pipeline makes use of photogrammetric adn computer vision algorithms aiming minimum interaction and maximum accuracy from a calibrated camers. Both the exterior orientation parameters and the 3D coordinates in object space are sequentially estimated combining relative orientation, single space resection and bundle adjustment. The fully automatic image-based pipeline presented herein to automate the image orientation step of a sequence oof terrestrial markerless imagery is compared with manual bundle block adjustment and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) which serves as ground truth. The benefits of applying ABM after FBM will be assessed both in image and object space for the 3D modelling of a complex rock art shelter.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58089
Title: Ground filtering and vegetation mapping using multi-return terrestrial laser scanning
Author: Francesco Pirotti, Alberto Guarnieri, Antonio Vettore
Editor: Derek Lichti
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, VOl 76, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Terrestrial laser scanning, vegetation mapping, spatial classification, point cloud processing, DEM/DTM
Abstract: Discriminating laser scanner dat points belonging to ground from points above-ground (vegetation or buildings) is a key issue in research. Methods for filtering points into ground and non-ground classes have been widely studied mostly on datasets derived from airborne laser scanners, less so for terrestrial laser scanners. Recent developments in terrestrial laser sensors (longer ranges, faster acquisition and multiple return echoes) has aroused greater interest for surface modelling applications. The downside of TLS is that a typical dataset has high variability in point density, with evident side-effects on processing methods and CPU-time. In this work we use a scan dataset form a sensor which returns multiple target echoes, in this case providing more than 70 million pionts on our stuy site. The area presents low, medium and high vegetation , undergrowth with varying density, as well as bare ground with varying morphology (i.e very steep slopes as well as flat areas). We test an integrated work-flow for defining a terrain and surface model (DTM and DSM) and successively for extracting information on vegetation density and height distribution on such a complex environment. Attention was given to efficiency and speed of processing. The method consists on a first step which subsets the original points to define ground candidates by taking into account the ordinal return number and the amplitude. A custom progressive morphological filter (opening operation) is applied next, on ground candidate points using a multidimensional grid to account for the fallout in point density as a function of distance from scanner. Vegetation density mapping over the area is then estimated using a weighted ratio of point counts in the tri-dimensional space over each cell. The overall result is a pipeline for processing TLS points clouds with minimal user interaction, producing a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), a Digital Surface Model (DSM), a vegetation density map and a derived Canopy Height Model (CHM). These products are of high importance for many applications ranging from forestry to hydrology and geomorphology.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58088
Title: Combining terrestrial stereophotogrammetry, DGPS and GIS-based 3D voxel modellign in the volumetric recording of archaeological features
Author: Hector A Orengo
Editor: Derek Lichti
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, VOl 76, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Terrestrial stereoscopic, GIS, GPS, recording, archaeology, orthoimage, DSM
Abstract: Archaeological recording of structures and excavations in high mountain areas is greatly hindered by the scarce availability of both space, to transport material, and time. The Madriu-Perafita-Claror, InterAmbAr and PCR Mont Lozere high mountain projects have documented humdreds of archaeological structures and carried out many archaeological excavations. These projects required the development of a technique which could record both structures and the process of an archaeological excavation in a fast and reliable manner.
The combinations of DGPS, close-range terrestrial stereophotogrammetry and voxel based GIS modelling offered a perfect solution since it helped in developing a strategy which would obtain all the required data on-site fast and with a high degree of precision. These data are treated off-site to obtain georeferenced orthoimages covering both the structures and the excavation process from which site and excavation plans can be created. The proposed workflow outputs also include digital surface models and volumetric models of the excavated areas from which topography and archaeological profiles were obtained by voxel-based GIS procedures. In this way, all the graphic recording required by standard arechaeological practices was met.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58087
Title: Segmentation of terrestrial laser scanning data using geometry and image information
Author: Shahar Barnea, Sagi Filin
Editor: Derek Lichti
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, VOl 76, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Segmentation, terrestrial laser scanner, point cloud, data fusion
Abstract: Terrestrial lase scanning is becoming a standard technology for 3D modeling of complex scenes. Laser scans contain detailed geometric information, but still require interpretation of the data for making it useable for mapping purposes. A fundamental step in the transformation of the data into objects involves their segmentation into consistent units. Such units should follow some predefined rules, and result in salient regions guided by the desire that the individual segments represent object or object-parts within the scene. Nonetheless, due to the scene complexity and the variety of objects, a segmentation using only a single cue does not suffice. Considering the availability of additional data sources such as color images, more information can be integrated in the data partitioning process and ultimately into the reconstruction scheme. We propose segmentation of terrestrial laser scanning data by the integration of range and color content and by using multiple cues. This concept raises questions regarding their mode of integration, and definition of the expected outcome. We show, that while individual segmentation based on given cues have their own limitations, their integration provide a more coherent partitioning that has better potential for further processing. Experiments show that the proposed segmentation methodology yield physically meaningful segments, which surpass those obtained via segmentation of the individual channels.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58086
Title: Model driven reconstruction of roofs from sparse LIDAR point clouds
Author: Andre Henn, Gerhard Groger, Viktor Stroh, Lutz Plumer
Editor: Derek Lichti
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, VOl 76, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Reconstruction, building, data mining, classification, LIDAR, three-dimensional
Abstract: This article presents a novel, fully automatic method for the reconstruction of three-dimensional building models with prototypical roofs (CityGML LoD2) from LIDAR data and building footprints. The proposed method derives accurate results from sparse point data sets and is suitable for large area reconstruction. Sparse LIDAR data are widely available nowadays. Robust estimation methods such as RANSAC/MSAC, are applied to derive best fitting roof models in a model-driven way. For the identification of the most probable roof model, supervised machine learning methods (Support Vector Machines) are used. In contrast to standard approaches (where the best model is selected via MDL or AIC), supervised classification is able to incorporate additional features enabling a significant improvement in model selection accuracy.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58085
Title: Sensitivity of the MODIS fire detection algorithm (MOD 14) in the savanna region of the Northern territory, Australia
Author: Stefan W Maier, Jeremy Russell-Smith, Andrew C Edwards, Cameron Yates
Editor: Derek Lichti
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, VOl 76, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Forest fire, thermal performance hazards monitoring detection
Abstract: Fire detection using satellites is an important source of infomration for fire management, ecological studies and emission estimates. However, little is known about the minimum sizes of fires that are being detected. This paper presents an approach using fire radiative power estimated from MODIS satellite data to determine the detection threshold for fire-prone savannas in Northern Australia. The results indicate that fires with an active flaming area 100-300 m2 can be detected in the study region. It is also shown that the algorithm is slightly more sensitive at night. As expected the detection threshold shows strong view angle dependence. While this study has been undertaken in the savannas of Northern Australia, the results should be transferable to other savanna regions worldwide and other areas where fires are not obscured by a dense tree canopy.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58084
Title: Automatic determination of seamlines for aerial image mosaicking based on vector roads alone
Author: Youchuan Wan, Dongliang Wang, Jianhua Xiao, Xudong Lai, Jingzhong Xu
Editor: Derek Lichti
Year: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier, VOl 76, February 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: ISPRS Journal of photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Keywords: Aerial photogrammetry, image mosaicking, seamlines extraction , vector roads
Abstract: Image mosaicking is defined as the registration of two or more images that are then combined into a single image. One of the most difficult steps in the automatic mosaicking of orthoimages is deciding where to place seamlines in overlapping regions. Based on millions of image pixels, existing seamline detection methods mainly focus on how to avoid crossing buildings that are higher than the ground, which results in parallax on the overlapping images. However, various data in vector format, such as vector roads plotted manually and precisely, have not been used to aid teh selection of seamlines. This paper presents a novel approach using vector roads alone to generate seamlines, and describes its application to the automatic generation of seamlines for image mosaicking of the city of Wuhan, China. A representative seamline is extracted as follows. First, the skeleton of the overlapping region of adjacent images is extracted after the delineation of boundaries of individual images. Second, vector roads in the overlapping region are overlaid with the extracted skeleton to build a weighted graph G (V,E). Finally, the Floyd-Warshall algorithm is applied to find the lowest cost path from I to O, which refer to two intersections of adjacent image polygons, with the lowest-cost path being the seamline. This vector-based approach is typically more efficient than raster-based approaches. Experiments demonstrate the merits of the proposed approach especially when vector road networks are available.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58083
Title: Biomedical waste management in Jodhpur city: A case study
Author: Anil Choudhary, Deepak Ojha and Mohan Lal Chowdhary
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Biomedical waste, hospitals, waste management, segregation and disposal
Abstract: Biomedical management in Jodhpur city was studied during August 2011 to January 2012. In Jodhpur city there are about 162 Govt. and private hospitals, labs and clinics. They generate an average of 600-650 kg/day of hazardous biomedical waste. The biomedical waste is dumped with municipal solid waste, which can be harmful for the environment. Biomedical waste is a serious problem to be solved as early as possible and this study will give a database of average per day biomedical waste generation with yellow bags 325-350 and this study will give a databse of average per day biomedical waste generation with yellow bags 325-350 kg/day, red bags 5-10 kg/day, blue bags 30-35 kg/day and black bags 225-250 kg/day. The total number of beds connected to common biomedical treatment facility centre is 4886. In this study we also found problems in collection and segregation of biomedical waste at hospital level and common biomedical treatment facility centre.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58082
Title: Effect of harsh and loud sound on Haematologic parameters of rat
Author: Meetu Sinha and D N Sadhu
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Noise, animal model, rat, haematologic parameters
Abstract: Sound, a necessity of our daily life, when becomes noise, disturbs our health and routine. All major international health Organizations consider sound pollution as an important health problem. In this study, an animal model has been used to study the effects of noise (harsh and loud sound) exposure on is haematological composition. Twelve rats of about 200 g by weight (6 male + 6 female) were randomized into two groups of test and control. Animals in the test group were exposed to a 90 dB of noise for 90 days, while animals in the control group were kept in normal condition. By the end of the study, blood sample was taken from each animal in both the groups and a complete blood count was performed. In animals of the test group as compared to those in the control, there was significant increase in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and haemoglobin content. It can be concluded that noise exposure affects blood haematological parameters.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58081
Title: Remote sensing cum BIS based assessment of morphometric characteristics of Chittar basin in district Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, South India
Author: G Bindu, R Neelakantan and Rajesh Reghunath
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Chittar basin, morphometric characteristics, Remote Sensing, GIS
Abstract: The use of the drainage morphometric characteristics for the investigations relation to hydrology has been amply discussed in various studies. The realization of its importance has made the analysis of drainage morphometric characteristics studies related to hydrological studies. The morphometric analysis of Chittar River Basin (CRB), a fifth order sub basin of Vamanapuram River on the south west coast, has been studied using Arc Info GIS software. The drainage patterns of the basin are delineated using IRS IC LISS III data and SOI toposheets on 1:25,000 scale as reference The drainage pattern of the study area is dendritic with stream orders ranging from I to V. The different drainage parameters studied include drainage pattern, stream order stream number, stream length ratio, relief ratio, bifurcation ratio, constant of channel maintenance, frequency of source head, frequency of confluence points, slope and DEM. The drainage desnity of the Chittar basin varies from 1 km/km2 to > 4km/km2 . STream length ratios for different stream orders vary between 0.30 and 0.64, which are low to moderate and suggest the moderately resistant hard rock terrain. The bifurcation ratio of streams of different order of the basin varies from 3.21 to 5.00. The average bifurcation ratio for the Chittar basin is 3.94, which is near to 4, suggesting some structural control over the development of drainage basin. The relative relief of teh basin varies from place to place and most of the basin comes under the category of 30-60 m. At some places relative relief is very high and it suggests rugged topography. It is concluded that Remote Sensing and GIS have been proved to be efficient tools in drainage delineation and updation.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58080
Title: Monthly variation in the density of Drawida willsi (Michaelsen) in relation to some climatic and edaphic factors
Author: Rohit Srivastava, D K Gupta and M P Sinha
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Drawida willsi, density, climatic and edaphic factors
Abstract: Fluctuation of population density of the earthworm Drawida willsi (Michaelsen) in relation to some climatic and edaphic factors was asessed from a tropical cropland agroecosystem site at Ranchi for a period of eighteen months. The total density ranged between 75 + 25.49 (April 2010) to 2115 + 189.87 m-2 (August 2020). Of the various factors studied rainfall, relative humidity, soil moisture, organic carbon and nitrogen content of the soil showed a significant positive correlation with the total earthworm density. Moisture content of the soil was considered to be the most important single factor responsible for the population fluctuation of the earthworm.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58079
Title: Groundwater quality assessment of Bhaskar Rao Kunta watershed, Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Author: K Srinivasa Reddy, M Sudheer Kumar and Ajay Babu Gangidi
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Bhaskar Rao Kunta watershed, hydrogeochemistry, piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, Wilcox diagram
Abstract: Semi-arid region of Bhaskar Rao Kunta watershed was studied to evaluate hydrogeochemical characteristics of the fractured, semi-confined and water-stressed aquifers. Twenty groundwater samples were collected from deeper bore wells during pre and post monsoon seasons in June and December 2009. The samples were analysed for concentration of physico-chemical parameters (pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NO3- and F- ). The results were interpreted with Piper, Gibbs and Wilcox diagrams. For intterelationships, the parameters were measured with correlation matrix and t-test methods. Bureau of Indian Standards specifications were used and verified for suitability of groundwater quality. The type of the groundwater quality was understood from the interpreted diagrams of Piper (85% magnesium bicarbonate and 15% mixed type of samples), GIbbs (100% evaporation type samples) and Wilcox (85% high salinity and 15% moderate salinity type of samples). The highest correlation was found between EC and TDS with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and the t-test behabiour was not significance, therefore, the geogenic and rock water interaction was negligible with respect to seasonal variation. Due to high concentration of fluorides (<1.5 mg/L) and salinity (750<2250 ?S/cm), the groundwater quality was not suitable for drinking, and special drainage system and crop practices are requisite for irrigation purpose in the study area.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58078
Title: Studies on groundwaters of Mysore city with special reference to fluoride concentration
Author: C Nagalambika, S Mahadeva Murthy, T S Harsha, N Lakshmidevi
Editor: Dr P K Goel
Year: 2012
Publisher: Technoscience Publications, Vol 11, No (4), December 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Nature Environment and Pollution Technology
Keywords: Groundwater, fluoride, fluorosis, Mysore city
Abstract: A two-year study of the seasonal variations in fluoride concentration was carried out from November 2006 to October 2008 in the groundwaters of Mysore city with five zones. The fluoride concentration in the water samples of east and west zones showed significant seasonal changes during both the years. However in north, south and central zones, fluoride concentration did not establish any variations in both the years. The highest fluoride value of 0.46 mg/L was recorded in the west zone and the lowest of 0.22 mg/L in the east zone. The probable causes of such variations in fluoride concentration in these groundwater samples have been discussed.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None