ID: 58522
Title: The influence of multi-season imagery on models of canopy cover: A case study
Author: John W Coulston, Dennis M Jacobs, Chris R King, and Ivey C Elmore
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 79, No 5, May 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Tree canopy
Abstract: Quantifying tree canopy cover in a spatially explicit fashion is important for broad-scale monitoring of ecosystems and for management of natural resources. Researchers have developed empirical models of tree canopy cover to produce geospatial products. For subpixel models, percent tree canopy cover estimates (derived from fine-scale imagery) serve as the response variable. The explanatory variables are developed from reflectance values and derivatives, elevation and derivatives, and other ancillary data. However, there is a lack of guidance in the literature regarding the use of leaf-on only imagery versus multi-season imagery for the explanatory variables. We compared models developed from leaf-on only Landsat imagery with models developed from multi-season imagery for a study area of Georgia. There was no statistical difference among models. We suggest that leaf-on imagery is adequate for the development of empirical models of percent tree canopy cover in the Piedmont of the Southeastern United States.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58521
Title: Classification of coffee-forest landscapes using Landsat TM imagery and spectral mixture analysis
Author: Milkaela Schmitt-Harsh, Sean P Sweeney, and Tom P Evans
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 79, No 5, May 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA)
Abstract: This research applies linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) to a Landsat TM image, and assesses the value of fraction images (green vegetation, shade, soil) and the thermal band (TM-B6) in discriminating shade-grown coffee systems from forests. Four combinations of TM bands and fraction images were compared, and a maximum likelihood algorithm was used to classify five land cover classes: high-density wood-lands, low-density woodlands, coffee agroforests, crop/pasturelands, and urban settlements. The classification accuracy of each model combination was assessed using both Kappa analyses and quality and allocation disagreement parameters. Results indicate improvements to classification accuracies following inclusion of TM-B6 and fraction images as inputs to the classification; however, only the use of TM-B6 led to significant improvements at the 95 percent confidence level. The highest classification accuracy achieved was 86 percent (Kstandard=0.82), with producer ' s and user ' s accuracy of coffee agroforests reaching 89 percent and 90 percent, respectively, an improvement over previous research aimed at spectrally distinguishing coffee from other woody cover types.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58520
Title: Change detection and deformation analysis in point clouds: Application to rock face monitoring
Author: Macro Scaioni, Riccardo Roncella, and Mario Ivan Alba
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 79, No 5, May 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: RGB images,
Abstract: The paper outlines a method a compare two digital surfaces of the same rock face to detect major changes resulting from detached rocks and deformations. A terrestrial laser scanning survey is used for data gathering. After georeferencing, if the cliff has a complex morphology, a 3D segmentation algorithm is applied to split the whole rock surface into more subregions with an almost planar structure. In each subregion the raw point cloud is resampled on a regular grid and multitemporal differences are analyzed. Anomalies in differences, which should be very close to zero if no geometric variations have occurred, are identified with the following purposes: (a) localizing gross changes due to rock detachments, (b) removing global rigid-body displacements, and (c) understanding local cliff deformations. In the case where the rock face is covered by vegetation, this has to be filtered out, e.g., by visual inspection of RGB images co-registered to the point cloud. This paper also describes a procedure to carry out vegetation filtering in automatic way from the analysis of near-infrared images captured by a camera integrated to laser scanner. The application of the full processing pipelines has been tested on a real case study located in the Italian pre-alpine area. Here, after filtering some vegetaion, a total rock fall volume of 0.15 m3 was detected on a cliff of about 375 m2 and within a period of six months.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58519
Title: Histogram curve matching approaches for object-based image classification of land cover and land use
Author: Sory I. Toure, Douglas A Stow, John R Weeks, and Sunil Kumar
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 79, No 5, May 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA)
Abstract: The classification of image-objects is usually done using parametric statistical measures of central tendency and/or dispersion (e.g., mean or standard deviation). The objectives of this study were to analyze digital number histograms of image objects and evaluate classifications measures exploiting characteristic signatures of such histograms. Two histograms matching classifiers wer evaluated and compared to the standard nearest neighbor to mean classifier. An ADS40 airborne multispectral image of San Diego, California was used for assessing the utility of curve matching classifiers in a geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) approach. The classifications were performed with data sets having 0.5 m, 2.5 m and 5m spatial resolutions. Results show that histograms are reliable features for characterizing classes. Also, both histogram matching classifiers consistently performed better than the one based on the standard nearest neighbor to mean rule. The highest classification accuracies were produced with images having 2.5 m spatial resolution.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58518
Title: Influence of a dense, low-height shrub species on the accuracy of a lidar-derived DEM
Author: Samuel B Gould, Nancy F Glenn, Temuulen T. Sankey and James P McNamara
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2013
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 79, No 5, May 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Digital elevation models (DEMs), GPS
Abstract: Airborne lidar provides an effective platform for collecting elevation data. However, the accuracy of lidar-derived can be adversely affected by natural conditions as well as methods used to process the data. Using a lidar dataset from a mountainous region of southwest Idaho, this study extends previous assessments of DEM accuracy with a focused investigation of a specific dense, low-height shrub species (Ceanothus velutinus), Bare-earth elevations were collected using survey-grade GPS and compared to lidar-derived elevations to assess DEM accuracy. Results suggest that the magnitude of elevation error varied depending on morphological characteristics of ceanothus, terrain slope, and filtering parameters used to process the lidar data. When using optimal filtering parameters, root mean square error (RMSEz) was largest in areas of ceanothus cover, ranging from 0.17 to 0.26 m in slope <250 and 0.28 to 0.37 m in slopes >250. An examination of lidar returns found that ceanothus obstructed laser pulse penetration and few returns reached the ground surface. In areas of ceanothus cover, we conclude that the obstruction of the groudn surface contributed to filtering errors, which resulted in mislabeled ground returns and decreased accuracy in bare-earth DEMs. These results have implications for the use of lidar-derived DEMs in areas of ceanothus throughout western North America, and in ecosytems with similar dense shrub cover.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58517
Title: Corrosion protection for wind turbines
Author: Daniel Hautmann
Editor: Jorg-Rainer Zimmermann (iz)
Year: 2012
Publisher: German Wind Energy Association, No 4, August 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: New Energy: Magazine for renewable energy
Keywords: Wind turbines
Abstract: In our new series How it Works, we explain the technological advances that are crucial to modern wind turbines. This first instalment looks at corrosion protection. If you have ideas for future topics, we ' d love to hear from you.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58516
Title: Wind power: Under observation
Author: Bernward Janzing
Editor: Jorg-Rainer Zimmermann (iz)
Year: 2012
Publisher: German Wind Energy Association, No 4, August 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: New Energy: Magazine for renewable energy
Keywords: Monitoring systems
Abstract: As condition monitoring systems become more and more sophisticated, analysing the raw data proves an increasingly complex task- one that needs an expert eye.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58515
Title: The global commune
Author: Nicole Weinhold
Editor: Jorg-Rainer Zimmermann (iz)
Year: 2012
Publisher: German Wind Energy Association, No 4, August 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: New Energy: Magazine for renewable energy
Keywords: Power generation
Abstract: All over the world, people are discovering the benefits of decentralised power generation. A look around the globe shows how the idea of self-sufficiency based on renewable resources is catching on.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58514
Title: Focus on solar and energy efficiency
Author: Rohan Boyle
Editor: Jorg-Rainer Zimmermann (iz)
Year: 2012
Publisher: German Wind Energy Association, No 4, August 2012
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: New Energy: Magazine for renewable energy
Keywords: Energy smart technology
Abstract: Venture capital and private equity investment in clean energy companies slid to a two-year low in the second quarter, but the figures show that many US investors are clearly still hungry for opportunities in solar and ' energy smart technology ' companies.
Location: TE12, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58513
Title: Toxicity of some commonly used insecticides against Spilarctia obliqua (Walker)
Author: Arvind Kumar, Shiwani Bhatnagar and R K Sharma
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2013
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 139, No3, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Toxicity, chlorophyrifos, Deltamethrin, Triazophos, Spinosad, Fipronil, Spilarctia obliqua
Abstract: Deltamethrin was found to be most toxic against the larvae of Spilarctia obliqua followed by triazophos, spinosad, chlorpyrifos and fipronil in leaf dip. LC50 of deltamethrin at 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment (HAT) was 0.008, 0.0001 and 0.00002 percent respectively through larval dip method. With leaf dip method the LC50 was 0.007, 0.0002 and 0.00002 at 12, 24 and 48 HAT respectively. Being the novel mode of action and safety point of view spinosad was the ost promising insecticide which gave the satisfactory control with safety measures, application and environment.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58512
Title: An economic analysis of lac marketing in Kanker district of Chhattisgarh
Author: Govind Pal and Bharati Patel
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2013
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 139, No3, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Lac marketing, lac growers consumer ' s price, profitability
Abstract: Lac is recognized as a high value cash crop and management of its marketing plays a vital role for better returns. The present paper examines the marketing costs and price spread in marketing of lac in the state of Chhattisgarh. District Kanker has been selected purposively for the present study. Data on marketing costs, margins and constraints in lac is collected from lac growers, marked functionaries and manufacturers. The lac grower received Rs 75 per kg, which amounts to 86.15 percent share in consumers ' s price. The primary purchaser ' s margin was Rs 260 per quintal (2.99 percent of consumers ' price) and incurred Rs 63 per quintal on marketing cost (0.72 percent of consumers ' price). The total maketing cost paid by the wholesaler was Rs 743 per quintal (8.53 percent of consumers ' price). The wholesaler ' s maketing margin was Rs 140 per quintal (1.61 percent of consumers ' price). ' Arhat ' charges were 3 percent of the transacted amount. There was tremendous scope to increase the profitability of lac growers in the study area by adopting proper marketing processing techniques.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58511
Title: Investigations on use of Eupatorium (chromolaena odorata) as source for vermicompost porduction and its effect on earthworm population
Author: Manjappa K, Viswanath Jowkin and Nagaraj Katharaki
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2013
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 139, No3, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Eupatorium, vermicompost, nutrient content, earthworm population
Abstract: In an experiment conducted with farm material (farm waste + cow dung) and eupatorium the quantity of vermicompost produced was maximum in the treatment received farm materials only (69 kg) and was par with that of the vermicompost produced using farm materials and eupatorium in the porportions of 5:1 (68 kg) and 4:1 (65 kg). The nutrient content of vermicompost was found to increase with inclusion of eupatorium. The population of earthworms (both matured and juvenile) was also not affected or reduced when eupatorium was used in vermicompost production.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58510
Title: Influence of seed pretreatments and sowing conditions on germination and initial seedling vigour of Indian almond (Terminalia catappa L)
Author: P Masilamani, P Yasodha and K Annadurai
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2013
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 139, No3, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Terminalia catappa, pre-sowing treatments, sowing conditions, germination, seedling vigour
Abstract: A study was made to assess the influence of seed treatments and sowing conditions on germination and initial seedling vigour of Indian almond. Prior to germination the fruits were subjected to the following pre-sowing treatments viz., depulped fruit (manually) without water soaking, depulped fruit soaking in water followed by drying (S-D) for 7 days at 12 hours interval, depulped fruit S-D for 6 days at 12 hour interval and on 7th days soaking in different concentration of KNO3 (1 and 2%), Thiourea (1 and 2%), CaOCl2 (1 and 2%) and H2O2 (1 and 2%) for 12 hour and whole fruit (without depulping) served as control. The pre conditioned and control fruits were placed for germination in open sun light and partial shade condition. Sixty days after sowing, results revealed that the pre conditiong of depulped fruits i.e., soaking in water followed by drying (S-D) for 6 days at 12 hr interval and on 7th day soaking in 2% CaOCl2 for 12 hr enhanced germination (98%) of terminalia catappa open sunlight condition. Whole fruits took more number of days for emergence than depulped fruit.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58509
Title: Histological characterization of embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli of Jatropha curcas L
Author: Anjani, Arvind Shukla, Alok Shukla and S K Guru
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2013
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 139, No3, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Embryogenic callus, Totipotency, vessel tracts, somatic embryos, in vitro organogenesis
Abstract: Two types of callus proliferation namely, embryogenic (E) and non-embryogenic (NE) calli were obtained by culturing 2 to 3 days old leaf of Jatropha curcas L. (Pant Jatropha Selection -II) in modified MS medium supplemented with 2 ppm 2, 4-D and 0.5 ppm BAP. Scanning electron micrographs indicated distinct morphology of cell shape. NE cell shape was long-like tubular and loosely arranged cells. Embryogenic callus comprised nodular or knobby, quite deep embedded and tightly packed cell mass. Histological observations of callus sections revealed that E callus occurred on the surface as well as in the deeper regions of the callus. The abundance of vessel tracts in the callus was consistent with high content of vessel elements, rounded and cytoplasmically dense cells with totipotency. This may imply that nutrients are easily transported via these vessel tracts for the nourishment of growing somatic embryos or leafy structure. The number of vessel elements appeared to be a crucial factor in determining the E and NE calli development.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58508
Title: Contribution to the sedge and grass flora of Gujarat
Author: Rinku J Desai and Vinay M Raole
Editor: Dr. P P Bhojvaid
Year: 2013
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 139, No3, March 2013
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: None
Subject: The Forestry
Keywords: Grasses, sedges, South Gujarat, Rediscovery
Abstract: Diversity of grasses and sedges forms the major component of the forest. Field studies of the south Gujarat forest during last 3 years authors have collected 6 grasses and 2 sedges which were found to be noteworthy specimens. At the same time grasses were collected after 50-100 years.
Location: TE15, New Biological Sciences, IISc
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None