ID: 58882
Title: Conservation of Spiders in India.
Author: Ganesh Nanu Vankhede.
Editor: V P Uniyal, Aseem Shrivastava.
Year: 2011
Publisher: ENVIS
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas Vol 14(no 1), pp. 54-59 (2011)
Subject: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas : Anthropods and their Conservation in India.
Keywords: Conservation, Spiders, climate change.
Abstract: For many decades, insecticides have been widely used to control pests in all natural habitats and in urban ecosystems. However, the continuous use of a wide range of pesticides has caused many side effects, including loss of biodiversity. The loss of spider diversity is no exception. The situation is worsening due to climate change, global warming and global dimming. Changes in traditional agricultural practices, increasing incidences of forest fires, excessive grazing activities in forests and urbanization have intensified the loss of biodiversity in such a situation of unstable seasons and depleting sources of water environmentalists and arachnologists have to think of conserving important species such as spiders as they are the only species that keep ecosystems in balance in all respects.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58881
Title: Climate Change Adaptation and Honeybees in Mountain Regions.
Author: Harish K Sharma, Uma Partap.
Editor: V P Uniyal, Aseem Shrivastava.
Year: 2011
Publisher: ENVIS
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas Vol 14(no 1), pp. 49-53 (2011)
Subject: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas : Anthropods and their Conservation in India.
Keywords: None
Abstract: The Indian Himalaya has been identified as one of the most sensitive landscapes and biodiversity hotspots undergoing unprecedented changes due to climate change and global warming. Changes in the mean climate and climate variability as well as extreme weather events are the direct effects of climate change whereas changes in water availability and biological organisms are the indirect effects of climate change (Gornall et al,. 2010). The UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) highlights two fundamental response strategies to combat climate change, namely mitigation and adaptation. Adaptation calls for ensuring food security, enhancing livelihood opportunities and strenthening institutional systems.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58880
Title: High-Altitude Butterfly Fauna of Gangotri National Park, Uttarakhand: Patterns in Species, Abundance Composition and Similarity.
Author: Manish Bharadwaj, V P Uniyal.
Editor: V P Uniyal, Aseem Shrivastava.
Year: 2011
Publisher: ENVIS
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas Vol 14(no 1), pp. 38-48 (2011)
Subject: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas : Anthropods and their Conservation in India.
Keywords: Altitude, Butterfly Fauna, Gangotri National Park, Uttarakhand, Patterns, Abundance Composition, Similarity.
Abstract: Mountain habitats have been under severe threats due to the enormous population increase during the last few decades, and thus it is important to conserve biodiversity in these landscapes before many species go extinct. Due to the focus on larger charismatic species in conservation, less glamorous and abundant taxa remain neglected. We studied butterfly diversity in Gangotri National Park, Uttarakhand, India during April-November 2008. Butterflies were sampled along 29 transects in Gangotri and Nilang valleys. Transects were distributed across various elevations, ranging from 2800 m amsl to 5200 m amsl. The vegetation in the park is very diverse and fails within five forest types due to the variations in topography, climate, aspect and elevation. A total of 1639 butterfly individuals representing 34 species, 29 genera and five families were recorded during the study. The highest butterfly species richness, abundance and diversity were recorded in Himalayan dry/moist temperate forest. The highest number of unique species were also recorded in Himalayan dry/moist temperate forest, and the number declined with increasing elevation. Among the five butterfly families, the highest species richness and abundance was accounted for by the family Nymphalidae. Three distint butterfly communities were identified on the basis of cluster analysis that supported the idea that each vegetation type supports a distinct butterfly assemblage. About 47% of the butterflies were confined to a single vegetation type each, reflecting the specificity of their host plants. As most butterflies were found to be restricted to specific vegetation and elevation zones, regular monitoring and conservation of these habitats is important for conservation of butterflies and other biodiversity in the few remnant fragile high-altitude habitats.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58879
Title: Pollinators in Changing Landscape of Agriculture : Global and Indian Scenarios.
Author: Prathiba Basu, Mahua Ghara.
Editor: V P Uniyal, Aseem Shrivastava.
Year: 2011
Publisher: ENVIS
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas Vol 14(no 1), pp. 34-37 (2011)
Subject: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas : Anthropods and their Conservation in India.
Keywords: Pollinators, Landscape, Agriculture, Global, Indian Scenarios.
Abstract: Pollination results in fruit set, upon which many animals are dependent, including human beings. Insects that provide pollination provide an important ecosystem service upon which 60-90% of plant species are dependent (Kremen et al. 2007). The economic value of pollination worldwide as stated by Simon Potts, a leading scientist in pollination ecology, is thought to be between ?30 and ?70 billion each year (Kluser and Peduzzi 2007). About one third of crop production depends on animal pollinators (Kremen et al. 2007), and over 70% of tropical crops are dependent on pollination services (Roubik 1995, Klein et al.2007) that are provided predominantly by insects. Even those crops that can set seeds and produce fruits with self-pollination have been shown to give higher yields when cross-pollinated. With respect to the value of insect pollination, vegetables and fruits are among the leading crops, followed by edible oil crops, stimulants, nuts and spices (Gallai et al. 2009)
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58878
Title: Spider Diversity Attributes in a Cultural Landscape Dominated by Field Crops and Fruit Orchards in the Konkan Region of Maharashtra.
Author: Nilam Vasant Bhuvad, Vinayak Krishna Patil, Sanjay Ghanashyam Bhave, Satish Sopan Narkhede, Vinayak N Jalgaonkar, Vinod Manikrao Mhaiske.
Editor: V P Uniyal, Aseem Shrivastava.
Year: 2011
Publisher: ENVIS
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas Vol 14(no 1), pp. 21-33 (2011)
Subject: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas : Anthropods and their Conservation in India.
Keywords: Spider Diversity Attributes, Cultural Landscape, Field crops, Fruit Orchards, Konkan, Maharashtra.
Abstract: A study was undertaken to expire the spider diversity of important agro-ecosystems (rice, finger millet, cashew and mango) in the Konkan region of Maharashtra. Standard-time visual sampling was done with spatial and temporal replication from June 2010 to March 2011. A total of 4035 individual spiders were recorded. They belonged to 141 species, 70 genera and 21 families. The families Araneidae and Salticidae were the dominant families overall. A total of 29,35,69 and 98 species were recorded in rice, finger millet, cashew and mango, respectively. The completeness of the surveys was found to be as high as 87% in mango and as low as 49% in finger millet on the basis of proven reliable estimators of species richness. Simpson ' s index of dominance showed a mango (0.119) > rice (0.103) > finger millet (0.081) > cashew (0.054) trend. On the other hand, the Shannon diversity index showed a cashew (3.41)>mango (3.02)> finger millet (2.81)>rice (2.73) trend. Beta diversity indices for combinations showed a high spatial turnover between field crops and orchards. But within each group, there was considerable overlap in the composition underlining the value of a heterogeneous landscape in maintaining spider diversity.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58877
Title: Higher-Taxa Surrogacy and Efficiency in Spider Conservation : A Case Study from Terai Conservation Area, India.
Author: Upamanyu Hore, V P Uniyal.
Editor: V P Uniyal, Aseem Shrivastava.
Year: 2011
Publisher: ENVIS
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas Vol 14(no 1), pp. 09-20 (2011)
Subject: ENVIS Bulletin: Wildlife & Protected Areas : Anthropods and their Conservation in India.
Keywords: Higher-Taxa, surrogacy, efficiency, spider conservation, Terai conservation area (TCA), species.
Abstract: The establishment of a strong relationship between species richness and a surrogate index is a critical issue in conservation biology. Such a relationship could provide the basis for the establishment of cost-effective and easy-to-monitor methods for measuring biodiversity, providing an alternative for prioritization of sites for conservation. Both family and genius richness are tested for their ability to predict the number of spider (Araneae) species independent of sampling detection, spatial autocorrelation, area, geographical location and type of habitat. Data from two protected areas of Terai Conservation Area (TCA) were used as a test case. Genius richness is considerably different sampling effort. Genius alone is found to be reliable indicator for ranking sites according to taxa richness or for determining near-minimum sets of sites for conservation. This study recommends surrogacy at this higher taxonomic level as a promising approach for prediction of spider species richness or evaluation and ranking of areas according to conservation importance.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58876
Title: Assessment of Trihalomethanes Level of Benghazi City Water Distribution System in Libya.
Author: Aiman M Bobakar, Intisar M Alakili.
Editor: R K Trivedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: EM International.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Pollution Research, Vol 32(no 2), pp. 451-456 (2013)
Subject: Pollution Research,
Keywords: Trihalomethanes, Chlorination, Drinking water quality, Benghazi, Libya.
Abstract: Chlorination is used as the main disinfection process for all drinking water supply system in Libya. However, recently was discovered that the use of chlorine posed potential health risks due to the formation of carcinogenic halo-organic compounds, as disinfections by-products (DBPs) and major of which is Trihalomethanes (THMs). It consists of four chemical species namely chloroform (CHCl3), bromodichloromethane (CHCl2 Br), dibromochloromethane (CHClBr2) and Bromoform (CHBr3). The sum of these four compounds is reffered to as Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs). This study is aimed to investigate the presence of THMs in water distribution system of the Benghazi city, Libya. The network of water distribution system of the city was divided into three areas A, B and C according to the distance away from A1 Talhya reservoir (water source). Water samples were collected once a month from the main pipeline of thirty six districts across the Benghazi city during the summer season three months of July, August and September in 2012. A rapid and simple EPA 551.1 modified method for THM analysis by Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) with methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and quantitative by gas chromatography/electron capture detector (GC/ECD) was used for identification and quantitative of THM in water samples under study. Some variables liable to affect the formation and concentration of THM in the distribution of system were also investigated. These variables include temperature, pH, turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), bromide ion (Br) total and residuals chlorine. Presence of THMs in Benghazi city distribution system was observed in this study. The concentration levels of THMs followed the order CHCl3 > CHCl2Br > CHClBr2 > CHBr3 in all samples. A wide variation in the TTHMs concentration levels was also obseved. The highest level of TTHMs (113.421? 57.995 ?gL-1) was obtained in area C, which much higher than the EPA ' s recommended Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL 80 ?gL-1). However, the A and B area were recorded as lowest levels of TTHMs (47.276 ? 28.125 ?gL-1 and 65.8470 ? 28.426 ?gL-1, respectively) which met EPA ' s recommendation. These results clearly indicated that, the Benghazi city network distribution system faced high level of THMs problem.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58875
Title: Experimental Analysis of Automobile Cabin Temperature Variation with Different Sun Shades for its Windows and Rear Wind Screen Glasses.
Author: M Ashok, N Shenbagavinyagamoorthi, Neelakrishnan, S V Saravanan.
Editor: R K Trivedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: EM International.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Pollution Research, Vol 32(no 2), pp. 447-450 (2013)
Subject: Pollution Research,
Keywords: Automobile, Passenger car Sun shade, Wind screen glasses, Cloth curtain.
Abstract: In this paper, the temperature variations inside a passenger cabin of an automobile parked in the open sun with different sun shades for its window were analyzed. The car door windows and rear wind screen glasses account for nearly 30% of the total heat gain area. These glasses are given shades having different percentage of heat transmittance and the temperature variations for a period of time of the day is recorded corresponding to the ambient temperature. The analysis reveals that cloth curtain as sunshade significantly reduces the cabin temperature. This analysis will be helpful in deciding on the material to cover the window glasses so as to reduce the car air conditioner load which in turn helps to improve the mileage of the automotive.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58874
Title: Efficieny of Proteus SP. in Degrading Diesel Oil Isolated from Petroleum Contaminated Soil.
Author: Mrinalini Kumari, Jayanthi Abhraham.
Editor: R K Trivedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: EM International.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Pollution Research, Vol 32(no 2), pp. 443-446 (2013)
Subject: Pollution Research,
Keywords: Proteus sp., Biodegradation, Diesel oil, Gas chromatography.
Abstract: Several bacteria and fungi have the property of degrading persistent petroleum compounds and have been extensively studied world wide. In the present study, Proteus sp,. was isolated from soil contaminated with petroleum products from Vellore, India. Proteus is well known as an oppurtunistic pathogen but its role in bioremediation is rarely known. Proteus sp., is gram-negative bacilli belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae. its potential to degrade diesel oil was studied in vitro using orbital shaker method for 15 d duration. It was able to tolerate 2% v/v of diesel oil. Oil degrading microorganisms were enriched in mineral salt media containing diesel oil as sole source of carbon. Degradation of diesel oil was confirmed by change in physical properties of the media flask, viz. color and viscosity, gravimetric analysis and Gas chromatography. Analysis of results showed that Proteus sp. has capability to degrade diesel oil.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58873
Title: Emissions Characteristics of Dual Fuel Engine Operating on Diesel-Ethanol-Pongamia Oil Methyl Ester Fuel Blends with Compressed Natural Gas.
Author: R Senthilraja, V Sivakumar.
Editor: R K Trivedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: EM International.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Pollution Research, Vol 32(no 2), pp. 437-442 (2013)
Subject: Pollution Research,
Keywords: Diesel, Ethanol, POME, CNG.
Abstract: In this present study, a single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled diesel engine was converted to dual fuel system which operated with either diesel fuel or blend with CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) using an electronically controlled solenoid actuted valve mechanism. The pollutants of the engines (carbon mono-oxide, carbon dioxides, unburnt hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and smoke) were measured at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% load through a AVL five gas analyser and smoke meter. The experimental results showed significant reduction in CO, CO2, NOx, and Smoke at full load while the engine was fueled with blend with CNG compared to that with the diesel fuel. Whereas, Unburnt hydrocarbon with diesel fuel.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58872
Title: Effect of Tannery Effluents on Water Quality of Ganga River at Jajmau, Kanpur, India.
Author: M K Bhatnagar, Raviraj Singh, Nivedita Agarwal, Prachi Bhatnagar.
Editor: R K Trivedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: EM International.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Pollution Research, Vol 32(no 2), pp. 433-436 (2013)
Subject: Pollution Research,
Keywords: Tannery effluent, River water quality, Ganga River.
Abstract: Water Quality Assessment of Ganga River at Kanpur carried out to assess the extent of chemical pollution in Ganga River affected by industrial effluents in Jajmau Kanpur, India. The pollution load on the river was investigated in two different sites. Sampling was done in the year 2012. Samples collected at selected points were analyzed for Temperature, pH, TDS, Alkalinity, Chloride, Fluoride, Hardness, Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sulphate, Phosphate, Nitrate, Total Organic Carbon (TOC),Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium and Metals. The lowest level of DO in some sampling spots indicates that industrial activities consume dissolved oxygen present in the water. COD was found to be in high range in sampling spots. The results suggested that Ganga water is polluted and not fit for human consumption without treatment.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58871
Title: Polishing of Chromium Containing Treated Tannery Effluent by Pistia and Evaluation of some Consequent Stress Effects.
Author: R Chakroborty, A K Mitra, S N Mukherjee.
Editor: R K Trivedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: EM International.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Pollution Research, Vol 32(no 2), pp. 425-431 (2013)
Subject: Pollution Research,
Keywords: Treated tannery effluent, Accumulation of Cr (VI), Pistia, Stress responses.
Abstract: Hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) is a dangerous pollutant present in the tannery effluent. In the present investigation, Pistia plant was found to be an effective candidate in removing Cr(VI) from a sample of treated tannery effluent. The experimental results show that about 26.27 and 66.82% removal of Cr(VI) were obtained after 24h and 72h of contact time in corresponds to initial concentration of 2.17 mg/L of Cr(VI) respectively. A reduction of 70.3 and 58.03% respectively for NH3-N and NO3-N were also observed after 72h of contact period. Root was found to be more dominant for accumulating Cr(VI) than frond portion. After 72h, decrease in biomass, root length, chlorophyll content and increase in protien content, enzyme activities (SOD, POD, NR), lipid peroxidation and ascorbic acid were recorded in treated plants in comparison to control.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58870
Title: Needs for Man Made Disaster Management Program for Infrastructure Projects.
Author: Ajay Kumar Singh, Ashutosh Gautam, Nihal Anwar Siddiqui.
Editor: R K Trivedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: EM International.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Pollution Research, Vol 32(no 2), pp. 421-424 (2013)
Subject: Pollution Research,
Keywords: Disaster Management, Infrastructure projects.
Abstract: The paper discusses a framework for disaster management for infrastructure projects, procedural part and role of various agencies like police, fire service personnel, health and medical service personnel, transport authorities, pollution control boards etc is discussed.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58869
Title: Gravel Bed Constructed Wetland for Treatment of Sewage Water.
Author: Niharika Shivhare, Momita Roy.
Editor: R K Trivedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: EM International.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Pollution Research, Vol 32(no 2), pp. 415-419 (2013)
Subject: Pollution Research,
Keywords: Sub-surface horizontal flow constructed wetlan, Typha latifolia, Sewage water treatment, etc.
Abstract: A wetland is a complex assemblage of water, substrate, plants, invertebrates (insect larvae and worms) and micro-organisms (bacteria). These are inter-related and help in improving water quality by settling suspended particulate matter, adsorption and ion-exchange on the surfaces of plants, substrate and sediment, uptake and transformation of nutrients by micro-organisms and plants etc. A constructed wetland is a shallow basin filled with a substrate (soil or gravel) and planted with vegetation tolerant of saturated conditions. In the present study the performance of subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetland for treatment of sewage water was investigated. The substrate used is gravel and vegetation is a macrophyte (Typha latifolia) as they are easily available. Environmental related parameters i.e. pH, COD, BOD5, TSS, NH3-N,PO4, nitrate and Fecal coliform count were monitored in one complete macrophyte life cycle at different HRTs. At an optimum HRT of 2 days removal efficiencies of various parameters were in the range COD (95.3%), BOD5 (100%), TSS (97.9%) and NH3-N (78.9%). The Fecal coliform showed 2-3 log reduction. The performances of the system indicate that constructed wetland treatment system is a viable option for sewage treatment. The system is cost effective and can be implemented successfully as a decentralized system in urban and rural areas using local resources.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 58868
Title: Air Pollution Tolerance Index of Selected Plants of Salem-Bangalore- NH7, Near Salem. Tamil Nadu.
Author: R Prabhakaran, Aribam Bidyalaxmidevi.
Editor: R K Trivedi.
Year: 2013
Publisher: EM International.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Pollution Research, Vol 32(no 2), pp. 411-413 (2013)
Subject: Pollution Research,
Keywords: Salem, Air pollution, APTI.
Abstract: Air pollution toleranc index study was carried out during 2010. For the study 25 species growing in the natural conditions were collected in the vicinity of gaseous emissions of automobiles on NH7 near three roads, Salem, Tamil Nadu. APTI were determined by calculating ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, leaf pH, and relative water content of leaf tissue. Among test species, P.niruri(9.6) I obscura (8.9) are in sensitive category, Species like C.gigantea, J.tranqubarensis and T.purpurea were in intermediate category. Remaining 19 species were in tolerant category, such tolerant species serve as sink to ait pollutants as well as inidicators.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None