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ID: 65176
Title: Artificial recharge by surface runoff harvesting from perennial rivers
Author: K.Suryanarayana,A.Vara Prasad, N.Natarajan and K. Govind Sourabh
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 692-695
Subject: Artificial recharge by surface runoff harvesting from perennial rivers
Keywords: Artificial recharge, Surface runoff harvesting, perennial rivers
Abstract: A majority of cities and town in the whole country are dependent on groundwater for their drinking water supply. This resource is being exploited unrestrictedly due to shortage of surface water supply. The groundwater withdrawal has increased tremendously over the last few decades. The groundwater quality has been adversely affected due to various human activities. The need of the hour is urgent remedial management measures to overcome these problems and also to provide a sustainable resource for the future generations. Rainwater harvesting has been used in the past but this is beneficial only during the monsoon seasons. Therefore, it is essential to switchover to remedial measures, such as runoff water harvesting to recharge the groundwater and arrest the declining trend of groundwater level and quality deterioration. In our country majority of the rainfall reaches the sea and thus remains inaccessible for human consumption. In this paper, a novel technique for recharging the groundwater aquifer using surface water from the perennial rivers is being proposed so as to provide a constant subsurface recharge throughout the year. Moreover, this recharge can be used to fill the surrounding percolation tanks, ponds, etc. Which would immensely benefit the neighborhood in terms of crop irrigation and drinking water supply. In addition, this technique can reduce the soil erosion in the perennial rivers and enhance the fertility of the dry lands in the vicinity of the recharge area.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Kranth, K.R.1989.Groundwater assessment, development and management. Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi
Literature cited 2:

ID: 65175
Title: Bioconversion of Banana Pseudostem to Bioethanol
Author: Jyoshnamayee Patra, Subhashree Pattnayak, Nabin Kumar Dhal and Biswajit Rath
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 687-691.
Subject: Bioconversion of Banana Pseudostem to Bioethanol
Keywords: Agriculture,biomass, fermentation, hydrolysis, pretreatment
Abstract: Banana pseudostem acts as potential feedstock for biofuel production but, their conversion into fermentable sugars is a major complication. The present investigation reveals the production of ethanol from the banana pseudostem with the help of biological treatment using white rot fungi, like Phanerochaete chrysospreium carried out by SMC (submerge) and solid state (SSC) cultivation. The hydrolysis was done by Aspergilus niger, Aspergillus fumigates, Trichoderma reesei and mixed culture of all fungus. Finally, the fermentation was done by Saccharomyces cerevisae, Pichia stipitis and Candida shehatae. At solid state cultivation condition phanerochaete chrysosporium using Trichoderma reesai fermented by Pichia stiptis gives better result in case of pseudostem.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bhatia, L.S. Johri and R.Ahmad.2012.An economic and ecological perspective of ethanol production from renewable agrowaste: A review. AMB Express.2:65. Gutierrez-Correa, M. and R.P. Tengerdy. 1997.Production of cellulose on sugarcane bagasse by fungal mixed culture solid substrate fermentation. Biotech. Lett., 19:665-667.
Literature cited 2: Han, M., et al. 2009.Bioethanol production from ammonia percolated wheat straw. Biotech. Bioprocess Eng.,14:606-611. Kumar, P. et al.2009.Methods for pretreatment of ligno-cellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production.

ID: 65174
Title: A case study on the comparison of PM2.5 mass concentration measured by beta attenuation monitor and gravimetric method
Author: Deepak Sinha
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 683-686.
Subject: A case study on the comparison of PM2.5 mass concentration measured by beta attenuation monitor and gravimetric method
Keywords: PM 2.5, mass concentration, Beta attenuation monitor, gravimetric method
Abstract: Particulate air pollution, specifically PM 2.5 is known to cause cardiovascular diseases in human being9Wang et al., 2015). Because of its health effect, it is a major parameter of the National Ambient Air quality standards (NAAQS). In the National Ambient Air Quality Standards, three methods of the measurement of PM 2.5 are recommended. In this study, two such measurement methods were used simultaneously and compared at various locations at Raipur city in Chhattisgarh state. Gravimetric method has been one o he conventional methods for the measurement of PM 2.5 and has been approved by US EPA as reference method, also by many governing bodies. With the recent advancement in the field of technology there are several methods, which are almost equivalent to the gravimetric method. Among these, beta attenuation monitor (BAM) is the most widely acclaimed technology used all over the world for several years. In this work, PM 2.5 was sampled using a filter-based gravimetric sampling method and direct reading instruments (that is beta attenuation monitor) a location in Raipur city, namely Naya Raipur monitoring station during Diwali festival week and mass concentration results were compared. In general, we observed that the deviation in the results obtained by both the methods is larger when ambient relative humidity is high (>50%)
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Arhami,M., et al. 2010.Organic compound characterization and source apportionment of indoor and outdoor Quasi-ultrafine particulate matter in retirement homes of Los Angeles Basin. Indoor Air.20 (1): 17-30. CPCB. 2009.Revised National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Notification. Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi.
Literature cited 2: Chueinta, W. and P.K. Hopke.2010.Beta gauge for aerosol mass measurement .Aerosol Sci. and Tech., 35 (4) :840-843. Gehrig,R., e t al. 2005. Anew method to link PM 10 concentrations from automatic monitors to the manual gravimetric reference method according to EN1234. Atmos. Env., 39:2213-2223.

ID: 65173
Title: Combination of hydrothermal and chemical activation process to prepare high surface area activated carbon from Sterculia foetida seed shells and its removal of mercury
Author: shwini Ashok,Abilarasu Anamalai,Kalaivani Raman, Shanmugaraj Adikkadu Masilamani and Raghu Subashchandrabose
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 677-682.
Subject: Combination of hydrothermal and chemical activation process to prepare high surface area activated carbon from Sterculia foetida seed shells and its removal of mercury
Keywords: Activated carbon (AC), heavy metal, Sterculia foetida, biomass, adsorption
Abstract: In this present work, activated carbon (AC) prepared from Sterculia foetida seed sheels plant by the combination of hydrothermal and chemical activation method. To remove the heavy metal prepared activated carbon is used as an adsorbent. Here, it is demonstrated the use of hydrothermal carbonization-derived activated carbon for such an application. The morphology of carbon and activated carbon was characterized by scanning electron micoscopy (SEM).Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) was used to confirm activation. Surface area and pore size analysis results allow for comparison of the degree of activation. The experiments were conceded by to study the adsorption phenomenon by varying parameters, like contact time, metal concentration and adsorbent dosage. The data obtained from this study were assessed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Among the equilibrium data, Freundlich isotherm is well adapted and implies that the metal adsorption on activated carbon is heterogeneous. The kinetic data were established to follow closely the pseudo-second order model. The surface morphology of the activated carbon was observed by XRD and BET. The maximum adsorption efficiency of the activated carbon for the removal of mercury ion was determined 89%.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Akikol, I. 2005.Heavy metal removal from water with the activated carbons developed with different activation methods. MSc. Thesis in Chemical Engineering. Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey. Al-Othman, Z.A.2012.Hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous medium by activated carbon prepared from peanut shell: Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics studies. Chem. Eng. J., 184: 238-247.
Literature cited 2: Ali Gundogdu, Celal Duran, et al. 2012.Adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution on a low-cost activated carbon produced from tea industry waste: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamics study. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 57 (10): 2733-2743. Clark, A., 1974.The chemisorptive bond: Baic concepts. Academic Press, New York and London.

ID: 65172
Title: Experimental study on water for flow uniformity
Author: G.Senthil kumar,Yalavarthi Dharma Teja,Yarlagadda Manikanta Sai, Talachutla Chandra Mouli and Sriram Karthik
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 671-676.
Subject: Experimental study on water for flow uniformity
Keywords: Flow separation, Velocity, film thickness, drag coeficient, spillway weir
Abstract: Many radioactive problems due to the non uniform cooling o reactor components in sodium cooled fast breeder reactors signified the importance of spillway weir system. The spillway weir profiles play a predominant role in the cooling of sodium cooled fast breeder reactor components and many chemical processing units. The profiling of weir had been a critical issue need to be considered regarding flow separation point of view. The separation of sodium flow causes entrainment of argon cover gas and hence reactivity problems. This paper describes the effect of sill way profile on flow separation studies, measurement of velocity of water for achieving uniform conditions, measurement of film thickness and drag coefficient of water for various flow rates. In this experiment, sodium had been simulated as water and argon as air considering the Froude number and Webner number and results are highlighted. This paper aims to bring out the suitable hydraulic design and production of profile which suits to minimize the flow separation of water over the crest of the weir. The thickness of water over the weir profile directly influences the flow separation. A water flow velocity meter had been used to measure the velocity of water in the upstream side and an ultrasonic sensor with Arduino and LCD setup had been for measuring the film thickness of water in cyclindrical coordinates. Based on the measurements taken, mean drag coefficient had been arrived.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chanson, H.1995.Predicting oxygen content downstream o weirs, sillways and water ways. Proceedings of the institution of civil Engineers, water and Maritime Eng., 112 (1): 20-30 Cros, R. Del Beccaro and S. Aita. Thermal protection of the rapid 1500 main vessel by means of a spillway. SMIRT-9.Lausanne, Switzerland. Proceedings, Vol. E.pp 73-80.
Literature cited 2: Equchi, Y. and N. Tajaka. 1990.luid elastic vibration of Flexible overflow weir. JSME Int. J., Series III. 33(3): 323-329. Felder, S. and H. Chandson.2009.Turbulence, dynamic similarity and scale effects in high velocity free surface flows above a stepped chute Experiments in Fluids. 47(1): 1-18.

ID: 65171
Title: Study of Ganga river health condition based on water quality indicators with environemtnal aspects and adaptation strategies thereof
Author: Pankaj Kumar Roy, Sudipa Halder, Swetasree Nag ,Malabika Biswas Roy and Arunbha Majumder
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 659-670.
Subject: Study of Ganga river health condition based on water quality indicators with environemtnal aspects and adaptation strategies thereof
Keywords: Water quality index (WQI), Ganga river,idol immersion, rapid assessment
Abstract: The challenge on environmental sustainability before India is taking a frightful shape when it comes to the pollution of water. The long stretch of Ganga which is regarded as the holy flow is being messed up by the different anthropogenic activities. Ganga has now become contaminated in its many arms giving rise to a question to our water availability. There has been a long tradition of idol immersion and is too popular in the Ghats of Kolkata whose harmful effects are creating alteration on various components of a river f which water and soil are the most prominent. In this study in order to curb such situation and to establish a rapid assessment the physico-chemical parameters of water samples were collected from different hotspot areas at before and after idol immersion activity and were analyzed as prescribed by APHA guideline. Soil samples were also collected from the same position and tested accordingly in the laboratory of School of water resources Engineering. Jadavpur University. Water quality index (WQI) was calculated using the result indicated an increase in pollution load after immersion and quality deterioration characteristics change as well. The water quality index values reflected that an overall water quality is getting deteriorated at a greater extent immediately when the idol immersion process is going on. The result also highlighted that higher amount of lead was used as a raw material received in the river Ganga which may come from idol immersion. Thus, it can be concluded that the overall health condition of river Ganga is getting hampered which may reduce the saturation value of dissolved oxygen and disturb the ecological flow at higher rate near by the bank.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Banec, Z. et al. 2012.Contamination and ecological assessmt of heavy metals in the sediment of Turban River, Bangladesh: An index approach. Bhandari, N.S. and K. Nayal. 2007.Correlation study on physico-chemical parameters and quality assessment of Kosi River water, Uttarakhand.E-J.Chmistry. 5 (2): 342-346.
Literature cited 2: Boah, D.K., S.B. Twan and K.B. Pelig-Ba.2014. Mathematical computation of water quality index of Vena Dam in upper east region of Ghana. Env. Sci., 3 (1): 11-16. CPCB. 2010.Guidelines for idol immersion. Central pollution Control Board, New Delhi.

ID: 65170
Title: Second law analysis of small scale organic Rankine cycle
Author: Saurabh Pathak, Apoorva Jha and S.K. Shukla
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 653-658.
Subject: Second law analysis of small scale organic Rankine cycle
Keywords: Waste heat, organic rankine cycle (ORC ), Exergy analysis, Exergy efficiency
Abstract: This paper essentially consists of energy and exergy analysis of a solar powered organic rankine cycle (ORC). R245fa has been used as the working fluid in this low-temperature organic rankine cycle for 1 kW power generation. The exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction rates are calculated for this system using second law analysis. The results show that the energetic efficiency reaches its peak value of 7.53 % while exergetic efficiency is found to have a peak efficiency of32.36%at the same inlet expander temperature. Also, the maximum exergy destruction occurs in the evaporator rather than in the condenser as evident by this analysis. It may be inferred that performances of any organic rankine cycle can be estimated by exergetic efficiency more precisely than energetic efficiency. The goal of this research is to highlight that this kind of system can be used for generating electrical power in buildings.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bracco, Roberto, et al. 2013.Experimenal tests and modelization of a domestic-scale ORC (organic rankine cycle).Energy, 58: 107-116.Delgado-Torres, A.M. and L. Garcia-Rodriguez. 2010.Analysis and optimization of the low temperature solar organic rankine cycle (ORC). Energy Convers. Manage., 51: 2846-2586.
Literature cited 2: EES. Engineering equation solver. Professional version V9.214-3D, F-chart software. http://www.fchart.com. Fu, B.R., et al. 2014.Statistical analysis of patent data relating to the organic rankine cycle. Renew. Sustain. Energy. Rev., 39: 986-994.

ID: 65169
Title: Investiagation of the relationship between drought an soil physico-chemical properties in the Barak plains
Author: Erdhihan Tunc, Mehmet Ali Celik and Awet Tekeste Tsegai
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 643-652.
Subject: Investiagation of the relationship between drought an soil physico-chemical properties in the Barak plains
Keywords: Barak plain, soil, climate, drought
Abstract: In those last periods, there has been a climate changes in Turkey. These changes affected the southern regions of turkey with increased frequency and severity of drought. Subsequently affecting different ecological events and dynamics from plant cover to soil formation. In this study, the drought condition of the last 50 years in Barak plain, east of Gaziantep plateau (an average 800 m elevation) was analyzed. Preliminary findings obtained from Gaziantep station during the study period showed extreme drought in 1970, 1973, 1990, 1999 and 2008.During these periods, the Barak plain had precipitation well below normal. For many years, the climate has been very arid and exceptionally dry. Moreover, soil physico-chemical property over the time showed a significant decrease in pH and increase in soil minerals (example Fe, Mn, Zn, K).Those arid periods potentially withdraw and reduce the underground water. In other words, during these arid periods, the flow of streams in Barak plain decreased and at the same time water pollution; salinity of soil and water increased. In addition to this, it is also seen that in the study area, soil erosion and desertification increased due to drought.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Alam, S.M. 1999.Nutrient uptake of plants under stress conditions in Perssrakli, M. In Handbook of plant and crop stress. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 285-314. Allision, L. W.B. Bollen and C.D. Moodie. 1965.Total Carbon. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Methodsofsoilanb.pp 1346-1366.
Literature cited 2: Bacanli, U.G. and B. Saf. 2005.Kuraklik Belirleme Yontemlerinin Antalya lli Orneginde Incelenmisi.Antalya Yoresin in Insaat Muhendisligi Sorunlari Sempozyumu. Batzer, D.P. and R.R. Shartiz.2014.Ecology of freshwater and estuarine wetlands.Univ.of California Press.

ID: 65168
Title: Biochemical and electron microscopic analysis of eyestalk of the mud crab, Scylla serrata exposed to silver nano particles
Author: S.Deepa Rani, N. Padmaja and P.Mahalakshmi
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 632-642.
Subject: Biochemical and electron microscopic analysis of eyestalk of the mud crab, Scylla serrata exposed to silver nano particles
Keywords: Eyestalk, Nano-Particles, mud crab, Scylla, Silver
Abstract: Silver nano-particles (AgNPS) are widely used as spectrally selective coatings for solar energy absorption, chemical catalysts and especially for antimicrobial sterilization. After their discharge, silver nano-particles will most likely enter the ecosystems and many produce an adverse response in many aquatic animals altering their fitness and ultimately changing their densities or community populations. Hence, the present study was carried out with silver nano-particle (AgNP)induced toxicity and biochemical changes in the eyestalk of the mud crab Scylla serrata. After standardization ofLD50 (25 ppm/kg) value , a single concentration of 20 ppm was used for the toxicity studies. Disorganization of corneal cuticle, formation of corneal cones, constriction of internal medulla and complete disorganization of basement membrane were observed trough histological analysis and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of eyestalk of crabs exposed to silver nano-particles showed shrinkage and appearance of scars in the eyestalk developed in the basipetal succession and severe cell damage, total collapse of normal architecture leading to complete degeneration were to observed. Biochemical analysis showed increased level of total protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents and tissue damaging enzymes, such as SOD, CAT and GPx from day 2 to day 10 on exposure to silver nano-particles which indicates severe tissue damage due silver nano-particle treatment overall results concluded that the release of silver nano-particles into aquatic ecosystem would have a direct impact on the aquatic animals and affect the biodiversity of aquatic life.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ahamed, M., M.S. Alsalhi and M.K. Siddiqui.2010 Silver nanoparticle applications and human health. Clin Chim Acta.411 (23-24):1841-1848. APHA. 1998.Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater (17edn), American Public Heatlth Association, Washington, D.C.
Literature cited 2: Beers, R.F. and I.W. Sizer. 1952.A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J. Biol. Chem., 195:133-140. Beyer W.F. and Fridovich. 1987.Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity same large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Anal. Biochem., 161:559-563.

ID: 65167
Title: Groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purpose in Minche-Savarde basin, Kolhapur district
Author: Pandurang Pisal,Shailendra Hivarekar,Rahul Patil and Santosh Mohite
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 621-631.
Subject: Groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purpose in Minche-Savarde basin, Kolhapur district
Keywords: Minche-Savarde, Groundwater quality, irrigation, suitability, parameters
Abstract: Minche-Savarde is small watershed situated in Deccan Trap lava flows, which is part of Krishna Basin. Detailed ground water quality assessment of 40 samples ae carried out to evaluate suitability for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Chemical characteristics of groundwater was dominated by Ca + Mg>Na+K-HCO3 +CO3 Hydro chemical types followed by Na+K-HCO3+CO3 and Na+K-SO4 +Cl+NO indicating dominance of cation and anion exchange process on both spatial as well as temporal scales. The Gibbs diagram reveals that the majority of groundwater samples falls on rock dominant type, which indicates rock water interaction in the study area is active. The United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram indicates that the all groundwater samples are free from sodium hazards but the salinity hazard varies from low to very high in many parts throughout the study area. This reveals that the groundwater is moderately suitable for agricultural activities. Analytical results of samples shows that the groundwater quality is fairly good in some place as well as at some places exceeds permissible limit. In the study are major ion values are maximum in pre-monsoon seasons as compare to post-monsoon season.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: APHA. 1999.Standards methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washingtion, D.C. Ayers, R.1985.Water quality for agricultural. FAO irrigation and Drainage Paper No.29, Rev.1. U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization , Rome.
Literature cited 2: BIS. 2009.Drinking water specification .IS: 10500.Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi. Etteieb, S., et al. 2017.Hydrochemical assessment of water quality for irrigation : A case study of the Medjerda river in Tunisia, Appl Water Sci., 7: 469-480.

ID: 65166
Title: Vegan areca palm leather – waste to wealth generation through agri-start-up
Author: Kiran Kumar R. Patil, K. C. Shashidara , H. S. Sowmya and S. R. Suresh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 94-98 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Vegan areca palm leather – waste to wealth generation through agri-start-up
Keywords: Agri-start-up, arecanut, leaf sheath, palm leather, wealth generation
Abstract: Areca leaf sheath, a by-product which was earlier wasted by farmers in the field, has now found utility in agrobased industries. Several areca leaf plates and bowl manufacturing units have mushroomed in the hinterland, which escalated the demand for leaf sheaths. Due to the rapid growth of arecanut production, the state has a vast supply of raw materials. However, the existing areca leaf product industries cannot fully utilise this abundance. As a result, entrepreneurs can explore alternative uses for this valuable resource. Start-up India, a flagship scheme of the Government of India that encourages entrepreneurs, has resulted in an enterprise in Shivammogga, Karnataka that converts waste in the form of areca leaf sheath to wealth in the form of palm leather. The innovation lies in the manufacturing of palm leather without causing environmental pollution. The present study examined the economics, economic viability and SWOT factors of this start-up. Arecanut growers reaped net returns of Rs 38,000 from the sale of leaf sheaths. The entrepreneur made net returns of Rs 116.22 from indoor slippers, Rs 76.98 from diary covers and Rs 253.52 from vanity bags. The positive net present worth of Rs 7.2 crores, benefit : cost ratio of 1.49 and internal rate of returns of 134% revealed economic viability. Strengths and opportunities emerged as crucial SWOT elements. The challenge lies in scaling up the enterprise to encash the glaring demand for palm leather.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: https://www.dasd.gov.in/adminimage/Arecanut_area_and_production. pdf Chinnappa, B., Patil, Kiran Kumar R., Manjunatha, G. R. and Sowmya, H. S., Economic utilisation of areca leaf sheaths for rural livelihood. Indian J. Agric. Econ., 2020, 75(1), 90–110
Literature cited 2: Ramappa, B. T., Economics of areca nut cultivation in Karnataka, a case study of Shivamogga district, MDIM Bus. Rev., 2020, 1(2), 69–79 Banerjee, S. and Shrivastava, S. L., Economic analysis of cashew nut processing in India. Econ. Aff., 2014, 59(3), 429–437

ID: 65165
Title: Study of salt fog phenomenon on the surface of excavated pottery sherds
Author: Elshaimaa Abd Elrahim and Hamdy Mohamed Mohamed
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 85-93 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Study of salt fog phenomenon on the surface of excavated pottery sherds
Keywords: Archaeological pottery, salt efflorescence, sherds, sodium chloride, surface deterioration.
Abstract: The phenomenon of salt fog on pottery surfaces attracted our team to study it and explain the reason for its formation. The crystallization of salts during drying leads to pottery damage. A significant step is to examine the types of salt and identify the chemical composition of the sherds. For this visual assessment, a digital microscope and a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray analyses unit (SEM-EDX) were used to detect surface deterioration. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out to determine the chemical composition of potsherds and salts. The microscopic examination revealed a dense distribution of salts on the potsherd surface. Besides, the SEM photomicrographs showed clear cubic salt crystals of sodium chloride, especially after drying. The SEM-EDX analysis also revealed high chloride salt concentration, in addition to silica and aluminum oxide, which are the primary ingredients in pottery-making. According to XRD analysis, the pottery samples primarily contained diopside, hematite, magnetite, albite and muscovite, which are the primary components in manufacturing. Furthermore, halite appeared in large proportions due to the influence of burial soil. Besides, the quartz, clay minerals, hematite and calcite content of the samples were confirmed by FTIR. The results thus support the fact that sodium chloride significantly influences archaeological pottery
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: . Sáenz-Martínez, A., Pérez-Estébanez, M., Andrés, M. S., de Buergo M. A. and Fort, R., Efficacy of acid treatments used in archaeological ceramics for the removal of calcareous deposits. Eur. Phys. J. Plus, 2021, 136, 1–16. Khalifa, E. and Abd Elrahim, E., Identification of vessel use and explanation of change in production techniques from the Old to the Middle Kingdom: organic residue analysis, fabric and thermal characterization of pot sherds from Qubbet el-Hawa, Aswan, Egypt. Archaeometry, 2020, 62(6), 1115–1129.
Literature cited 2: Ibrahim, M. M. and Mohamed, H. M., Analytical study and conservation of new kingdom period pottery jars from Saqqara excavation, Egypt. Adv. Mater. Res., 2021, 1167, 101–113. Wodzińska, A., A Manual of Egyptian Pottery, Volume 3. Second Intermediate Period–Late Period, Ancient Egypt Research Associates Inc, Boston, USA, 2010

ID: 65164
Title: Life table and demographic parameters of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five brassicaceous host crops
Author: Keerthi Manikyanahalli Chandrashekara, Sachin Suresh Suroshe, Praveen Kumar Singh , Subhash Chander and Padala Vinod Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 77-84 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Life table and demographic parameters of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five brassicaceous host crops
Keywords: Brassicaceous host crops, demographic parameters, Lipaphis erysimi, life table, pest management
Abstract: Brassica plants play a significant economic role as they are cultivated as vegetables, oilseed sources, condiments and forages. Emerging insect pest outbreaks threaten the production of cole crops. The mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a perpetual annual threat to the cultivation of cole crops in India. The life table is a fundamental requisite for formulating pest management strategies. Hence, the life table of L. erysimi was studied on five brassicaceous host plants. The results showed that the total nymphal duration was shortest on mustard (5.82 ± 1.10 days), whereas it took 8.80 ± 0.89 days on broccoli. Similarly, the most prolonged and shortest oviposition period was recorded on mustard (6.81 ± 0.44 days) and broccoli (4.25 ± 2.59 days) respectively. The GGE biplot analysis showed that cabbage was the most preferred host, whereas broccoli was the least preferred by L. erysimi. The intrinsic rate of increase of L. erysimi was lowest on broccoli (0.21) and highest on mustard (0.35). Similarly, the net reproductive rate was highest on mustard (28.52 ± 0.37) and lowest on broccoli (12.52 ± 0.21). The age-stagespecific survival rate of an adult was maximum on cauliflower (0.84), and the highest age-stage life expectancy of L. erysimi at age zero was 12.84 days on cauliflower. The age-stage reproductive value at age zero was 1.42 on mustard. The population had doubled every 1.98 ± 0.008 days on mustard compared to 3.30 ± 0.025 days on broccoli. The data showed that mustard was the most preferred host for L. erysimi, and broccoli the least preferred or comparatively resistant
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Tiwari, B. K., Brunton, N. P. and Brennan, C. S., Handbook of Plant Food Phytochemicals: Sources, Stability and Extraction, Wiley, Oxford, UK, 2013, 1st edn, pp. 397–411. Kaluzewicz, A., Bosiacki, M. and Fraszczak, B., Mineral composition and the content of phenolic compounds of ten broccoli cultivars. J. Elem., 2016, 21, 53–65.
Literature cited 2: Dhillon, M. K., Singh, N. and Yadava, D. K., Preventable yield losses and management of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) in different cultivars of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. Crop Prot., 2022, 161, 106070. Biswas, G. C. and Das, G. P., Population dynamics of the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in relation to weather parameters. Bangladesh J. Entomol., 2000, 10, 15–22.

ID: 65163
Title: Influence of antibiotics on the fitness parameters of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Author: M. Saranya, J. S. Kennedy , S. Jeyarani , R. Anandham and N. Bharathi
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 67-76 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Influence of antibiotics on the fitness parameters of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Keywords: Antibiotics, fitness parameters, host plants, insect associated bacteria, rugose spiraling whitefly
Abstract: Rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus, is an invasive phloem-feeder reported in India during July–August 2016. Bacterial communities associated with insects play a major role in their fitness parameters. To resolve this hypothesis, efforts were made to disrupt the facultative secondary symbionts harboured in A. rugioperculatus through disparate antibiotic treatment. The fitness parameters of the antibiotic treated whitefly reared on four different host plants, viz. coconut, banana, sapota and guava were studied. Treatment with antibiotics such as erythromycin E15, ciprofloxacin CIP5, carbenicillin CB100 and cefotaxime CTX30 was done to the whitefly adults by parafilm feeding chamber method, and the fitness parameters of A. rugioperculatus progeny were observed. Antibiotic treatment combinations disrupted the bacterial genera Bacillus, Exiguobacterium, Acinetobacter, Lysinibacillus, Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas associated with A. rugioperculatus. Combinations of carbenicillin 100 µg ml–1 + ciprofloxacin 5 µg ml–1 reduced egg hatchability (59.44 ± 0.59%), as well as nymphal survival (31.67 ± 0.40%), increased developmental time (32.69 ± 0.83 days) and reduced fecundity (82.00 ± 0.09 eggs). Antibiotic treatment reduced the fitness parameters, viz. egg hatchability, nymphal survival developmental time and fecundity of A. rugioperculatus reared on coconut followed by banana, sapota and guava. Antibiotic treatment prolonged developmental time of A. rugioperculatus and thus exposing them to parasitoid attack for longer periods. Antibiotic treatment could be used for the effective management of whiteflies.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: ICC, Coconut Statistical Year Book-2021, International Coconut Community, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2021; https://statistics.coconutcommunity.org (accessed on 5 August 2021). Sundararaj, R., Selvaraj, K., Vimala, D. and Venkatesan, T., Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of India. In Indian Insects: Diversity and Science (eds Ramani, S., Mohanraj, P. and Yeshwanth, H. M.), CRC Press, Tayler & Francis Group, UK, 2020, pp. 103–120.
Literature cited 2: Dubey, A. K. and Sundararaj, R., A new combination and first record of the genus Aleurothrixus Quaintance and Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from India. Biosystematica, 2015, 9(1/2), 23–28. Sundararaj, R. and Selvaraj, K., Invasion of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): a potential threat to coconut in India. Phytoparasitica, 2017, 45(1), 71–74.

ID: 65162
Title: Detection of biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted from common tropical plant species in the Western Ghats region of India: chamber-based experiments
Author: Tanzil Gaffar Malik , Mansi Gupta, Garima Shukla, Ashwini Kumar and Lokesh Kumar Sahu
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 59-66 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Detection of biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted from common tropical plant species in the Western Ghats region of India: chamber-based experiments
Keywords: Biogenic volatile organic compounds, chamber experiment, emission composition, relative concentration, tropical forests.
Abstract: This study deals with emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) from some common plant species found in the Western Ghats of India using branchenclosure experiments. A custom-made dynamic chamber system was deployed to collect samples from seven different plant species. Analysis of speciated BVOCs was performed using C2–C6 and C6–C12 VOC analysers to determine the emission composition and relative concentration. Isoprene was the most abundant compound, followed by ethene, propene, α-pinene and βpinene. Among the plant species, Tectona grandis, Bambusa vulgaris and Psidium guajava showed high fractions of isoprene emission, Saraca asoca showed moderate emission, and Manilkara zapota and Leucaena leucocephala showed the lowest emission. However, M. zapota and L. leucocephala showed higher emission of both ethene and propene compared to isoprene. This study emphasizes the importance of emission flux measurements of major plant species in different forest regions of India, which is necessary to make emission inventories of important BVOCs.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Fiore, A. M. et al., Global air quality and climate. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2012, 41, 6663–6683. Kesselmeier, J. and Staudt, M., Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs): an overview on emission, physiology and ecology. J. Atmos. Chem., 1999, 33(1), 23–88
Literature cited 2: Sindelarova, K. et al., Global dataset of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2014, 14(17), 9317–9341. Llusia, J., Llorens, L., Bernal, M., Verdaguer, D. and Penuelas, J., Effects of UV radiation and water limitation on the volatile terpene emission rates, photosynthesis rates, and stomatal conductance in four Mediterranean species. Acta Physiol. Plant., 2012, 34(2), 757– 769.