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ID: 65365
Title: Waste To Energy Conversion Through Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil And Its Optimization
Author: Nabanita Banerjee and Tushar Jash
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 503-512 2021.
Subject: Waste To Energy Conversion Through Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil And Its Optimization
Keywords: Biodiesel, Waste, Energy, Response surface methodology, Transesterification, Used soybean oil
Abstract: The study comprises one of the methods of waste management by conversion of waste cooking oil to a sustainable form of energy. It carries out the production of biodiesel from waste oil which is disposed of in such a manner that it can be a serious threat to the environment in near future. Large scale production of biodiesel from this waste oil can be a permanent solution of waste to energy conversion. In this study, the operating parameters, namely catalyst concentration, methanol: oil ratio and reaction temperature were varied at three different levels using response surface methodology (RSM). The R2 value is 0.9771 which indicates that there is a good fit between the given model and the experimental data. Based on the experimental results, the optimum operating parameters from transesterification of waste soybean oil at a stirring rate of 1000 rpm and 2 hr reaction time at a temperature of 520C, the molar ratio of 7.7:1 and catalyst concentration of 1.157% w/w of oil. Biodiesel production has been carried out with the optimized parameters to obtain the corresponding laboratory yield. The predicted and laboratory yields were 93.408% and 93.06%, respectively which denotes that variation is 0.348%. 2D and 3D contour plotting has been done using MINITAB17 for the prediction of optimized yield. The physical and the chemical properties have been compared and the relationship has been studied.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: https://mnre.gov.in/waste-energy. Lahiry, Samar. 2017. India’s challenges in waste management. Available at : https://www. downtoearth.org.in /blog/waste/india-s-challenges-in-waste-management-56753.
Literature cited 2: Lam, S.S., et al. 2016. Progress in waste oil to sustainable energy, with emphasis on pyrolysis techniques. Renew. Sustain. Energy Reviews. 53:741–753. The Economic Times. 2019. Government launches programme for converting used cooking oil into biodiesel in 100 cities. Available at : https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/government-launch-es-programme-for-converting-used-cooking-oil-into-biodiesel-in-100-cities/articleshow/70617703.cms.

ID: 65364
Title: Immobilization Of Bacillus subtilis For Improved Decolourization Of Congo Red Compared To Free Cells
Author: Shalini and Y. Pydi Setty
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 495-502 2021.
Subject: Immobilization Of Bacillus subtilis For Improved Decolourization Of Congo Red Compared To Free Cells
Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, Congo red, Immobilization on polyurethane foam, microbial assisted decolourization
Abstract: A large amount of congo red (CR) has been discharged into the environment, mostly from the textile industries. The current study aims to find out the potential approach of congo red (CR) dye decolourization using suspended and immobilized B. subtilis. The effect of parameters (dye concentration, pH and temperature) on dye decolourization using suspended cells was studied. The corresponding cell mass (OD600) alongwith the decolourization profile, was considered to understand the effect of cell mass. B. subtilis immobilized on polyurethane foam (PUF) cubes (size: 1 cm3) have chosen to investigate the decolourization efficiency. SEM results revealed the porous structure of PUF and layer formation. The FTIR analysis was employed to confirm the decolourization. The maximum decolourization of 92% was achieved by immobilization method within 6 hr, whereas suspended cell assisted decolourization showed 82% within 12 hr. The data confirmed the second-order decolourization kinetics. We have found that the reaction rate and reaction rate constant (k) was found to be higher for immobilized cell assisted decolourization. The characteristic azo peaks have not found in FTIR samples of immobilized decolourization. The results confirmed that immobilization of B. subtilis is an efficient method for CR decolourization compared to the suspended cells.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chung, K. T. and C.E. Cerniglia. 1992. Mutagenicity of azo dyes : Structure-activity relationships. Mutat. Res./Reviews Mutat. Res., 277 (3):201-220. Lade, H., et al. 2015. Mineralization and detoxification of the carcinogenic azo dye Congo Red and real textile effluent by a polyurethane foam immobilized microbial consortium in an upflow column bioreactor. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health. 12:6894-6918.
Literature cited 2: Novotny’, C., et al. 2004. Biodegradation of synthetic dyes by irpex lacteus under various growth conditions. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad., 54:215-223. Mittal, A., et al. 2014. Process development for the removal of hazardous anionic azo dye Congo Red from wastewater by using hen feather as potential adsorbent. Desalin. Water Treat., 52:227-237.

ID: 65363
Title: Assessment And Characterization Of Dust Particles From Tree Leaves As An Indicator Of Air Pollution In Urban Local Bodies : A Case Study On Barrackpore Sub-Division, West Bengal
Author: Sandipta Das and Dasharatha P. Angadi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (5) May. 21 page 483-494 2021.
Subject: Assessment And Characterization Of Dust Particles From Tree Leaves As An Indicator Of Air Pollution In Urban Local Bodies : A Case Study On Barrackpore Sub-Division, West Bengal
Keywords: Urban areas, air pollution, Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction analysis
Abstract: Urban growth in terms of population and areal expansion, changing scenario of landscape, conversion of non-built-up land to impervious land has been an increasing trend in worldwide. The gradual increase of concrete roads, cementation of imperviousness in urban extent, rapid growth of motor vehicles, domestic and industrial emissions are becoming a serious issue for the environment which degrade the urban health quality. To access the level of air pollution in urban areas, environmental monitoring is needed. Environmental monitoring can be done by active and passive processes. Active monitoring is having several limitations, so passive monitoring is being given much importance to monitor air pollution in recent days. The dust deposited over the roadside tree leaves are one of the indicators of environmental air pollution. In the present study tree leaves (Polyalthia longifolia) with dust from 4 selected sample sites were taken considering the urban characteristics, traffic junctions and industrial areas of Barrackpore subdivisions of West Bengal, India to characterize and analyze the size distribution, presence of different elements in the dust which are responsible for air pollution in the atmosphere. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was used to detect the size distribution of dust particles and SEM attached to an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) was used to analyze the elemental distribution of the dust. Elemental analysis has displayed the presence of elements, like Mg, Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca, S, C, Fe, Zn, Pb and Ti in the collected samples that indicates the air pollution concentration in the different urban unit. The mineral composition in the elements was observed by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The phase identification from XRD has identified quartz, potassium, magnetite, carbon, feldspar, scrutinyite, cristobalite, silicon, oxide, etc., are present in the samples. The size variation and frequency of the particulates have also been categorized in each sample site. The results show that below 2.5 mm particles are dominants everywhere that indicate the air quality is poor.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ram, S., et al. 2014. Physico-chemical characterization of street dust and re-suspended dust on plant canopies: An approach for fingerprinting the urban environment. Ecol. Indicators. 36:334-338. El-khatib, A., O. El-Sheikh and A. Said. 2017. Characterizing of air dust particulate pollutants using urban trees leaves. Dama Int. J. Res., 2(1):46-56.
Literature cited 2: Anderson, J., J. Thundiyil and A. Stolbach. 2012. Clearing the air : A review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health. J. Med. Toxicol., 8(2):166-175. Kan, H., R. Cen and S. Tong. 2012. Ambient air pollutant climate change and population health in China. Env. Int., 42:10-19.

ID: 65362
Title: Monitoring Of Noise Levels During Maghmela At Sangam Area, Prayagraj (Allahabad)
Author: Mohd Nafees and Satyendra Nath
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 476-480 2021.
Subject: Monitoring Of Noise Levels During Maghmela At Sangam Area, Prayagraj (Allahabad)
Keywords: Noise pollution, Monitoring, Magh Mela, Human health
Abstract: Nowadays noise is significant environmental pollution that leads to psychological and physiological disorders. The high noise levels may have induced several health problems related to headache, annoyance, lack of concentration and other varied effects on human health. Magh Mela is a large mass gathering of pilgrims and an event of such magnitude present challenges. Due to more crowd during bathing dates (Shahisnan) at Magh Mela areas enhanced the population density and number of automobiles and also increased the noise level compared to normal days. In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate noise level on pre, post and mauni amawashya (bathing dates) near Sangam area during Magh Mela, 2017 and 2018 at Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India. The maximum equivalent noise level observed were 93.0 dB at 12:00-1:00 PM, 114.1 dB at 9:00-10:00 AM and 94.8 dB at 6:00-7:00 PM and 89.8 dB at 10:00-11:00 AM, 98.7dB at 6:00-7:00 PM and 88.5 dB at 8:00-9:00 PM during pre, during and post mauni amawashya in the year 2017 and 2018, respectively. The results of the study reflected that higher noise levels during mauni amawashya (bathing date) for both year 2017 and 2018, followed by pre and post mauni amawashya and the main reason for higher noise levels during bathing dates are heavy crowds, powerful sound systems, drum and other activities performed near the Sangam areas.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Jamrah, A., A. Al-omari and R. Sharabi. 2006. Evaluation of traffic noise pollution in Amman, Jordan. Env. Monit. Assess., 120(1-3):499-525. Martin, M.A., et al. 2006. Exposure affects relationships between road traffic noise annoyance and cost valuations in Valladolid, Spain. J. Appl. Acoustics. 67(10):945-652.
Literature cited 2: WHO. 2005. Occupational and community noise. World Health Organization, Geneva. Bhat, S. 2003. Noise and the law. India together. pp 1-6.

ID: 65361
Title: Estimation Of Water Spread Area For Chembarabakkam Lake Using Remote Sensing
Author: R. Aravind Raj, Vidhya Lakshmi Sivakumar, Manoj Nallanathel and Ramalakshmi M
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 471-475 2021.
Subject: Estimation Of Water Spread Area For Chembarabakkam Lake Using Remote Sensing
Keywords: Reservoir sedimentation, Chembarambakkam lake, Remote sensing, Sub-pixel approach
Abstract: Sedimentation in lakes and reservoirs are a serious threat to the storage capacity of the reservoirs. Quantification of reservoir sedimentation can be carried out using conventional methods but is time consuming. In this study, an attempt is made to estimate the water spread area and therefore, the volume of the Chembarambakkam lake, Chennai, India using a range of remote sensing and image processing techniques. Satellite images of the study area under investigation are used to derive the water spread area of the reservoir. With differences in elevation between various dates, estimates of reservoir capacity can be derived. An accurate estimation of the reservoir water spread area was achieved through the sub-pixel approach. The high accuracy of the estimated area by the sub-pixel approach is due to the incorporation of the purest and accurate endmember with the spectral unmixing approach. It could be observed that remote sensing is highly successful in the estimating the water spread area of the reservoir which could result in accurate quantification of sedimentation in reservoirs.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Jain, S.K., P. Singh and S.M. Seth. 2002. Assessment of sedimentation in Bhakra Reservoir in the western Himalayan region using remotely sensed data. Hydrological Sci. J., 47(2):203-212. Goel, M. K., S. K. Jain and P. K. Agarwal. 2002. Assessment of sediment deposition rate in Bargi reservoir using digital image processing. Hydrological Sci. J., 47(S1):S81-S92
Literature cited 2: ngole, N. A., R. N. Ram and P. Kumar. 2015. Assessment of sedimentation in Nanak Sagar reservoir of Uttarakhand: Using remote sensing technique. J. Env. Biosci., 29(1):17-21. Merina, R. N. 2017. Evaluation of sediment using GIS approach in southern Tamil Nadu. Indian Ecol. Society. 44(2):179-184.

ID: 65360
Title: Application Of Monitored Natural Attenuation To Groundwater Contaminants – A Case Study Of Bhagwanpur Industrial Area, Uttarakhand
Author: Umesh Chandra, Chandra Kant Bhardwaj, O. P. Dubey and Geetanjali Kaushik
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 466-470 2021.
Subject: Application Of Monitored Natural Attenuation To Groundwater Contaminants – A Case Study Of Bhagwanpur Industrial Area, Uttarakhand
Keywords: Natural attenuation, heavy metal, groundwater, contaminants, alluvium, biodegradation
Abstract: An industrial area has been developed in Bhagwanpur near Roorkee in Haridwar district of Uttrakhand. Due to growing industrial activities and urbanization the impact on natural resources especially on groundwater and soil has increased substantially. Consequently, the groundwater samples were collected from five identified locations in the vicinity of Bhagwanpur industrial area to monitor the groundwater. These water samples were analyzed for 19 drinking water quality parameters, such as colour, odour, temperature, pH, total hardness, alkalinity, chloride, TDS, nitrate, sulphate, fluoride and heavy metals, etc., using the BIS protocol. The values of most of the parameters chosen for the site samples for the Bhagwanpur area were found to be less than the permissible BIS limits during observation except for fluoride, copper, iron and arsenic at few sites. Despite the location of the sites within the industrial zone and increasing sub-urbanization, observance of the parameters within permissible limits indicate the potential role of natural attenuation of groundwater contamination in this case. Though, some natural attenuation can be provided by geochemical mechanisms that remove heavy metal contaminants from the aqueous phase, that is sedimentation and adsorption. Some concepts have been established to take advantage of the monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as a management option for the contaminated land and groundwater. Therefore, systematic monitoring of the groundwater comprehensive studies will clarify the possible mechanism of play.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Wiedemeier, T.H., et al. 1999. Natural attenuation of fuels and chlorinated solvents in the subsurface. John Wiley and Sons, New york, USA. ASTM. 1998. Remediation by natural attenuation (RNA) at petroleum release sites. ASTM E1943-98. American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
Literature cited 2: Kedziorek, M.A.M., et al. 2013. Natural attenuation of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb) in a water table aquifer underlying an industrial site. Procedia Earth Planetary Sci., 7:89-92. Carey, M.A., et al. 2000. Guidance on the assessment and monitoring of natural attenuation of contaminants in groundwater. Environment Agency R and D, Dissemination Centre, Swindon, UK.

ID: 65359
Title: Drinking And Treated Water Assessment For Coliform Bacteria In A Tertiary Care Charitable Hospital
Author: Sharad Chand, C. S. Shastry, Shivakumar Hiremath, Juno J. Joel and C. H. Krishna Bhat
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 261-265 2021.
Subject: Drinking And Treated Water Assessment For Coliform Bacteria In A Tertiary Care Charitable Hospital
Keywords: Coliform bacteria, Drinking water, Membrane filtration, Treated water
Abstract: Identification of coliform bacteria is extensively used to assess the bacteriological quality of water. The objective of the study is to analyze the drinking and treated water for the level of coliform contamination. A cross-sectional study was carried out for six months after obtaining ethical clearance. A total of 43 samples of drinking and treated water were analyzed for the presence of coliform bacteria by the membrane filtration method. The results obtained were compared with the reference value of the World Health Organization, Central Pollution Control Board of India and the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board. Out of 18 samples collected from drinking water points, nine samples (50%) were found to be satisfactory and the remaining nine samples (50%) exceed the permissible range. Out of 25 treated water samples, seven samples (28%) were positive for coliform and the remaining 18 samples (72%) were negative. Suitable recommendations were given to the hospital infection control committee and maintenance department. Filters were calibrated, proper chlorine dosing was carried out and maintenance of filters was done. Coliform bacteria in treated were in permissible range of Karnataka State Pollution Control Board and Central Pollution Control Board.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Fatemeh, D., et al. 2014. Rapid detection of coliforms in drinking water of Arak city using multiplex PCR method in comparison with the standard method of culture (most probably number). Asian Pacific J. Trop. Biomed., 4(5):404-409. Rompre, A., et al. 2002. Detection and enumeration of coliforms in drinking water: current methods and emerging approaches. J. Microbiol. Methods. 49(1):31-54.
Literature cited 2: Bej, A.K., et al. 1990. Detection of coliform bacteria in water by a polymerase chain reaction and gene probes. Appl. Env. Microbiol., 56(2): 307-314. WHO. 1993. Guidelines for drinking water quality, (vol I, 2nd edn). World Health Organizations, Geneva.

ID: 65358
Title: Soil Quality Analysis Of Different Fallow Periods In Swidden Cultivation System Of Dhomara Hills, Assam
Author: C. Sharma and R. Payeng
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 456-460 2021.
Subject: Soil Quality Analysis Of Different Fallow Periods In Swidden Cultivation System Of Dhomara Hills, Assam
Keywords: Physico-chemical properties, Soil organic carbon, Soil quality, Swidden, fallow period
Abstract: Swidden cultivation is practiced by tribes in hilly regions of northeast region of India. It is seen both as source of livelihood and environmental destruction. The study was conducted to assess the soil quality in different fallow periods of swidden cultivation in high elevation areas of Dhomara Hills of Assam. The important soil quality indicators, namely texture, temperature, moisture content, bulk density, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were investigated in 5 stations under different fallow periods and compared with a nearby natural forest vegetation. The study revealed that different fallow periods under the shifting cultivation area differ in soil physico-chemical parameters. Different measures can be adopted for maintaining and restoring the soil fertility for long term success of a shifting cultivation system.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Cramb, R., et al. 2009. Swidden transformation and rural livelihoods in Southeast Asia. Human Ecol.,37: 323–346. Vliet, N.V., et al. 2012. Trends, drivers and impacts of changes in swidden cultivation in tropical forest-agriculture frontiers: A global assess-ment. Global Env. Change. 22: 418–429.
Literature cited 2: Ramakrishnan, P. S. 1992. Shifting agriculture and sustainable development: an interdisciplinary study from north-eastern India. In Man and the biosphere series. Pantheon Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey. Ranjan, R. and V.P. Upadhyay. 1999. Ecological problems due to shifting cultivation. Current Sci.,77:1246–1250.

ID: 65357
Title: Characterization Of Metallic Trace Elements In The Products Of Composting And Co-Composting Coming From The Sludge Of The WWTP Of Fez And The Pomace From The Region Of Ain Taoujdate (Morocco)
Author: F. El Fettahi, S. Njimat, L. Krim and S. Ibn Ahmed
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 451-455 2021.
Subject: Characterization Of Metallic Trace Elements In The Products Of Composting And Co-Composting Coming From The Sludge Of The WWTP Of Fez And The Pomace From The Region Of Ain Taoujdate (Morocco)
Keywords: Wastewater treatment plant sludge, Pomace, Co-composting, Metallic trace elements
Abstract: Sludge disposal is a major challenge for sewage treatment plant managers given their reputation as a high-risk source of environmental pollution. The objective of this study is to propose a way to eliminate and recover sludge from Fez wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), Morocco through its co-composting with pomace from Ain Taoujdate region (Morocco). The study focused on the production of three composts (C1, C2 and C3) from sludge and pomace, which differ in terms of their proportions of these two components (C1=1/1, C2=1/2 and C3=1/4). Composting is carried out in greenhouses using the method of turned over Andean trees for 105 days. The characterization analyses of the final product focused on the determination of the contents of the three composts, such as total chromium, lead, nickel, mercury and cadmium. This was necessary in order to evaluate the fate of the initial levels present in the starting sludge and to judge the quality of the composts through the standards provided. The co-composting thus carried out made it possible to significantly reduce all levels of the trace metal elements studied in the three composts. The reductions recorded for total chromium were significant as 81.9%, 88.9% and 93.7%, respectively in C1, C2 and C3; whereas they were 72.9%, 82.2% and 89.4%, respectively for lead in C1, C2 and C3. Nickel, mercury and cadmium levels also declined with relatively lower than initial levels. In general, all grades have declined and are believed to be due to leaching from watering applied during rollovers. The study of quality of the three composts (according to standard NF U 44-051) showed that compost C3 is the only compost that complies with the standards applied to the metallic trace elements studied. The total chromium content exceeding the applied standard will exclude C2 and C3 composts from the NF U 44-051 standard. Thus, the initial total chromium content, which averaged 1900 mg/kg, had a negative influence on the classification of these two composts.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Liu, Y. and J.W. Tay. 2001. Strategy for minimization of excess sludge production from the activated sludge process. Biotech. Adv., 19:97-107. Su, D.C., J.W.C. Wong and H. Jagadeesan. 2004. Implications of rhizospheric heavy metals and nutrients for the growth of alfalfa in sludge amended soil. Chemosphere. 56(10):957-965.
Literature cited 2: Hartenstein, R. 1986. Earthworm biotechnology and global biochemistry. Adv. Ecol. Res., 15: 379- 409. Veglio, F. and F. Beolchini. 1997. Removal of metals by biosorption: A review. Hydrometallurgy. 44: 301-316.

ID: 65356
Title: A Study On The Factors Influencing Segregation Of Household Waste By The Residents Of Bengaluru City
Author: S. Gopala Krishnan and A. Ameer Hussain
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 445-450 2021.
Subject: A Study On The Factors Influencing Segregation Of Household Waste By The Residents Of Bengaluru City
Keywords: Solid waste, Segregation, Environmental consciousness, Awareness, Theory of planned behaviour
Abstract: The research is aimed at finding out the various factors that are responsible with the intention to segregate solid waste in the household before disposal and the influence of the same to actually segregate solid waste. Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was used as the base model to study the relationship between different variables of interest. Environmental consciousness and awareness were introduced in the TPB model as the independent variable affecting segregation intention and extended theory of planned behaviour was developed. As a part of the study, a sample of 140 respondents were chosen from the household of Bangalore and questions were asked related to the study. The data collected by field visit was analysed using SPSS and AMOS. The extended theory of TPB was tested by structured equation modelling using AMOS. It was observed that the variance in segregation intention is better explained by introducing environmental consciousness and awareness in TPB model, proving the model fit of the extended theory TPB.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mani, S. and S. Singh. 2016. Sustainable municipal solid waste management in India : A policy agenda. Procedia Env. Sci., 35:150-157. Rawat, J., et al. 2016. Environmental friendly ways to generate renewable energy from municipal soild waste. Procedia Env. Sci., 35:483-490.
Literature cited 2: Sujauddin, M., S.M.S. Huda and A.T.M.R. Hoque. 2008. Household solid waste characteristics and management in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Waste Manage., 28(9):1688-1695. Soni, A. k., D. Patil and K. Argade. 2016. Municipal solid waste management. Procedia Env. Sci., 35:119-126.

ID: 65355
Title: Assessment Of Physico-Chemical Parameters Of Effluent From Orient Paper Mill, Amalai And Son River Water, District Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh
Author: Mukesh Kumar Ahirwar and G.S. Gupta
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 437-444 2021.
Subject: Assessment Of Physico-Chemical Parameters Of Effluent From Orient Paper Mill, Amalai And Son River Water, District Shahdol, Madhya Pradesh
Keywords: Effluent, Son river, Orient paper mill, Physico-chemical parameters
Abstract: Study of physico-chemical parameters of effluent from Orient paper mill (OPM), Amalai and Son River were selected for assessment of water quality variation. During the study of 10 sampling stations were selected, out which 6 sampling stations were downstream of effluents running toward Son River and 4 sampling stations were in Son River nearby village area. The study was carried out during January to June, 2015. The colours were milky colloidal at sampling station SS-01 (Near first paper mill) and SS-02(Near first boiler tunnel). Effluent was found acidic in nature at sampling stations SS-01 and 02 near OPM. The higher mean values of TSS were 183.8±19.0 and 143.8±1.5mg/L at sampling stations SS-01and SS-02, respectively. The high mean value of alkalinity 239.5±20.7 mg/L was observed at sampling station SS-05. The higher mean values of total dissolve solids (TDS) were 1823±141.7, 1652.7±2.1 and 1086.8±149.7 mg/L at sampling stations SS-04, SS-05 and SS-01 respectively in effluents of OPM. The high mean value of potassium 45±7.3 mg/L was observed at sampling station SS-05. It was observed that the values of total dissolved solid, hardness, calcium and sodium were fluctuated widely from station to stations which were an indication of pollution in paper mill effluent. Water sample of Son river was yellowish in colour at the sampling station SS-07. The higher mean turbidity was found at sampling station SS-01 and SS-02, in effluents of OPM, Amalai during the study.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mandal, T.N. and T.N. Bandana. 1996. Studies on physico-chemical and biological characteristics of pulp and paper mill effluents and its impact on human beings. J. Fresh Water Biol., 8:191-196. Yadav, S.K. 2006. Human health implications due to water toxicity by pulp cum paper mill. J. Human Ecol., 20(2):91-96.
Literature cited 2: Singh, S.K. and J.P.N. Rai. 2003. Pollution studies on river Ganga in Allahabad. Poll. Res., 22:469-472. Tiwari, D. 2004. Pollution potential of the wastes polluting river Pandu nature. Env. Poll. Tech., 3:219-221.

ID: 65354
Title: Time Series Analysis Of Different Pollutants Of Air At Different Location Of Jaipur, Rajasthan
Author: Raunak Singh, Amita Sharma and Jagdish Prasad
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 432-436 2021.
Subject: Time Series Analysis Of Different Pollutants Of Air At Different Location Of Jaipur, Rajasthan
Keywords: Sulphur dioxides, Nitrogen oxides, Respirable suspended particulate matter, Air quality index, National air quality index by CPCB, Ambient air quality, Environmental protection agency, Planetary boundary layer
Abstract: Ambient concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) were measured from March 2010 to November 2018 in the centers of six sites (Ajmeri gate, Chandpole, Board office Jhalana Dungri, MIA RIICO Office, RO Vidhyadhar Nagar, VKIA) Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. The data consist of monthly average of NO2, SO2 and RSPM. The measurement were made in an effort to characterize air pollution in the urban environment of Jaipur and assist in the development of an air quality index. The yearly average of NO2, SO2 and RSPM concentrated were taken to find out the trend. It is observed that the maximum NO2, SO2 and RSPM was occurred during winter and minimum values were occurred in summer which is due to the combination of metrological conditions and photochemical activities in the region. The ratio of SO2/NO2 (~0.19) indicates that point sources are contributing to SO2 pollution in the city. Further all measured concentration of RSPM exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) execept for NO2 and SO2. Yearwise trend of NO2, SO2 and RSPM of different station are obtained by using the least square method.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Aneja, V. P., A. Agarwal and P. A. Roelle. 2000. Measurment and analysis of criteria pollutants in New Delhi. Env. Int., 27:35-42. Slini, T.H., et al. 2004. Regression analysis and urban air quality forecasting an application for the city of Athens. Global Nest: The Int. J., 4(2-3):153-162.
Literature cited 2: Jha, D., et al. 2004. Evaluation of interpolation technique for air quality parameters in port Blair, India. Global Nest : The Int. J., 4:2-3. Sharma, R.C., et al. 2004. Assessment of impact of environmental pollution on human health in the city of Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

ID: 65353
Title: Water Quality Investigation Of Yamuna River For Assessing Its Impact On Durability Of Concrete Structures Alongwith The Yamuna River Bed
Author: Sameer Vyas, Beena Anand, Nikita Chaudhary, Ratna Rajpal and Rajeev Kumar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 427-431 2021.
Subject: Water Quality Investigation Of Yamuna River For Assessing Its Impact On Durability Of Concrete Structures Alongwith The Yamuna River Bed
Keywords: Water quality, River pollution, Durability of concrete, Domestic and industrial effluent, Aggressivity
Abstract: Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, the surface water resources get severely polluted. All the major rivers flowing through the big cities receive heavy flux of sewage and industrial effluent. The river Yamuna is among the most polluted rivers which originate from Yamunotri glaciers (elevation 6300 m) in the Himalayas. The discharge of untreated domestic and industrial effluents has affected the quality of the Yamuna River. The poor water quality makes river water unfit for any purposes. The river water quality also affects the durability aspects of concrete structures along with the river bed. The dual hazards, that is heath and construction, making a severe impact on large numbers of population and structures. Impurities in the form of sewage, dirt and other floating materials contributed to downgrading water quality. At the same time, due to rapid modernization, a large number of upcoming construction projects can be seen in the catchment area of the river. In this scenario, it is important to evaluate its water quality to envisage its effect on concrete durability. The study carried out by CSMRS was focused on the water quality of the Yamuna River and nallahs flowing in the NCR region from Wazirabad to Okhla barrage. The water samples were analysed for in-situ parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids, temperature, conductivity, etc. The samples then brought to the laboratory for conducting detailed chemical analysis as per IS codes procedures. The results of the analysis show that the water quality of the river is degrading with the downstream course. All-important parameters for health and construction point of view are almost above the permissible limits as per standard codes. The water is aggressive towards a durability point of view for concrete structures.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: CPCB. 2006. Water quality status of Yamuna river (1999-2005). Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi. Dubey, S.K. and R. Maurya. 2018. Water quality status for Yamuna river. IJPRET. 6(8):277-284.
Literature cited 2: CPCB. 2006. Water quality status of Yamuna river (1999-2005). Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi. Dubey, S.K. and R. Maurya. 2018. Water quality status for Yamuna river. IJPRET. 6(8):277-284.

ID: 65352
Title: Cadmium Behaviour In Urban Soils Of Mashhad : Its Impact On Plants And Soil
Author: Mohsen Shariati, Ali Reza Astaraei, Amir Lakzian and Hojat Emami
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 419-426 2021.
Subject: Cadmium Behaviour In Urban Soils Of Mashhad : Its Impact On Plants And Soil
Keywords: Rosemary, Grass, Soil, Cd toxicity, Urban environment
Abstract: To investigate cadmium (Cd) behaviour in soil due to vehicular traffic under rosemary and grass plants in three urban areas of Mashhad, this study was carried out in a completely randomized design (factorial). In the studied sites, the first 30 cm of upper soil was replaced with new superficial soil (along with compost and cow manure) as control, prior to soil contamination. In four seasons, sampling from soil, shoots and roots of rosemary and grass plants was taken and Cd concentrations were measured. The results showed that the average Cd concentration in control soil (without cultivation) in two sites: 100 m (Mosalla complex) sites and Imam Reza bus terminal during the experiment period increased significantly from spring to winter season, while on the third site: Botanical Garden, soil Cd was almost constant. The highest soil Cd concentration was noted in winter,while in three sites, the soil Cd concentration decreased. The Cd concentration of aerial parts of each plant was significantly different during the seasons. The plant Cd concentration decreased during the spring and summer, while it increased in the autumn and winter season. It is concluded that rosemary cultivation in urban parks is a good candidate for Cd phytostabilization.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Aneja, V. P., A. Agarwal and P. A. Roelle. 2000. Measurment and analysis of criteria pollutants in New Delhi. Env. Int., 27:35-42. Slini, T.H., et al. 2004. Regression analysis and urban air quality forecasting an application for the city of Athens. Global Nest: The Int. J., 4(2-3):153-162.
Literature cited 2: Jha, D., et al. 2004. Evaluation of interpolation technique for air quality parameters in port Blair, India. Global Nest : The Int. J., 4:2-3. Sharma, R.C., et al. 2004. Assessment of impact of environmental pollution on human health in the city of Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

ID: 65351
Title: Hexabromocyclododecane Based Toxicity In Aquatic Environments And Humans
Author: Shanmugam Subbiah, Baskaran Ganesh Kumar, Rathinasamy Baskaran and Radha Baburajan
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (4) April. 21 page 412-418 2021.
Subject: Hexabromocyclododecane Based Toxicity In Aquatic Environments And Humans
Keywords: Hexabromocyclododecane, Aquatic environment, Biomarkers, Fish, Toxicity
Abstract: Aquatic toxicology is considered as an investigation of the effects of toxic substances on living organisms, especially population, culture, environment and biosphere scales. Especially, brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are the type of chemicals typically used to minimize consumer goods flammability and are considered as contaminants as they have become widely detached throughout the atmosphere and have also been shown to bioaccumulate within animals and humans. Moreover, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) has been commonly used in interior textiles, car cushions, electrical and electronic equipment, polyvinyl chloride wire, as a flame retardant and is omnipresent in all types of environmental media. Previous studies clearly documented that, these brominated flame retardants are highly toxic not only to fish but also to the other species that form the food chain. Through altering their operational status, the aquatic pollutions cause various deleterious effects on the non-target organism fish predominantly in an aquatic environment. HBCD produces lethal effects on biochemical and haematological, enzyme profile and levels of protein status. In this review, by analysing toxicity levels of toxicants, we have attempted to demonstrate the toxic effects of commonly used brominated flame retardants on uncommon fish species.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Hornsby, P.R. 2007. The application of fire-retardant fillers for use in textile barrier materials. In multifunctional barriers for flexible structure. Ed S. Duquensne, C. Magniez and G. Camino. Springer, Berlin, Germany. pp 3-22. Covaci, A., et al. 2006. Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDS) in the environment and humans : A review. Env. Sci. Tech., 40:3679-3688.
Literature cited 2: Esslinger, S., et al. 2011. Hexabromocyclo-dodecane enantiomers : Microsomal degradation and patterns of hydroxylated metabolities. Env. Sci. Tech., 45(9):3938-3944. Law, R.J., et al. 2006a. levels and trends of brominated flame retardants in the European environment. Chemosphere. 64:187-208.