ID: 59827
Title: CANDIDAL BIOFILM: AN OUTLOOK ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECT AND FORMATION.
Author: Florida Primrose and Nithya Jagannathan.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 155-159 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Adherence, Biofilm, Candida, Matrix, Invasion
Abstract: Candida is the dimorphic fungi which is the most common microbes present in the body. Biofilms are communities of microorganisms which are often attached onto a surface and enclosed in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix. The formation of a mature biofilm is based on the transition between the hyphae and the yeast forms of the candidal species, cell adhesion and the extracellular matrix formation. Biofilm formation is a major virulence factor in the pathogenecity of Candida, and Candida biofilms are difficult to eradicate because of their very high antifungal resistance. Candida can cause both superficial and systematic disease, and are now recognized as major agents of hospital-acquired infection. Numerous studies have been performed to determine the role of biofilm in infections. The current review focuses on the steps involved in biofilm formation, molecular characteristics and the factors which play a role in biofilm formation with a mention on the drug resistance.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Alem, M.A. and Douglas, L.J. 2005.Prostaglandin production during growth of Candida albicans biofilms. J. Med Microbiol. 54: 1001-1005.
Al Fattani, M.A and Douglas, L.J. 2006. Biofilm matrix of Candida albicans and Candida tropaicalis: chemical composition and role in drug resistance. J. Med Microbiol.55: 999-1008.
Literature cited 2: Andes, D., Nett, J., Oschel, P., Albrecht, R., Marchillo, K. and Pitula, A. 2004. Development and characterization of an in vivo central venous catheter Candida albicans biofilm model. Infect Immun. 72: 6023-6031.
Bachmann, S.P., VandeWalle, K., Ramage, G., Patterson, T.F., Wickes, B.L., Graybill, J.R and Lopes-Ribot, J.L. 2002. In vitro of caspofungin against Candida albicans biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 46 (11): 3591-3596.
ID: 59826
Title: COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ROOT, STEM AND LEAVES OF HOLOPTELEA INTEGRIFOLIA AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA.
Author: Kavitha Alli and Lakshmi Narasu Mangamoori.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 145-154 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Haloptelea integrifolia, Zone of inhibition, Agar well diffusion method, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Phytochemical components, GC-MS analysis.
Abstract: Haloptelea integrifolia, a large spreading glabrous tree belonging to the family of ulmaceae is widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of cancer, gastritis, diabetes, wound healing and is known to possess many phytochemicals. The nature of phytochemicals present in the stem, leaf and roots were possess many phytochemicals. The nature of phytochemicals present in the stem, leaf and roots were analyzed with different solvents using GC-MS analysis and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts were checked against a range of gram positive and gram negative pathogens using agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration was determined by two-fold broth dilution method and compared against the standard antibiotics chloramphenicol. The antimicrobial activities were comparable to those obtained with standard antibiotics. Root extracts had exhibited highest antimicrobial activity followed by stem and leaves. Acetone extracts of root and ethyl acetate extract of stem had exhibited good activity against the pathogens tested. The GC-MS analysis also revealed phenols, carboxylic acids, esters and other phytochemical components for Holoptelea integrifolia, which assured that it has high antimicrobial activity against pathogens. This study clearly demonstrates that Holoptelea integrifolia has good antimicrobial properties and the root has better antimicrobial properties than leaves and stem. All extracts except the aqueous extract had significant broad-spectrum inhibitory activity. Our study is the first to present the evidence of better antimicrobial properties of root over stem and leaves.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bambhole, V.B. and Jiddewar, G.G. 1985. Anti-obesity effect of iris versicolor and Holoptelea integrifolia in rats. Sachitra Ayurved. 37: 557-561.
Cohen, M.L. 1992. Epidemiology of drug resistance: implications for a post-antimicrobial era. Science. 257-(5073): 1050-5
Literature cited 2: Ellof, J.N. 1998. Which extractant shoud be used for the screening and isolation of antimicrobial components from plants? J. Ethnopharmacol. 60: 1-8.
Graham, J.G., Quinn, M.L., Fabricant, D.S. and Fransworth, N.R.2000 Plants used against cancer-an extension of the work of Jonathan Hartwell. J. Ethnopharmacol. 73 (3): 347-377, ISSN 0378-8741, 10.1016/S0378-8741(00) 00341-X.
ID: 59825
Title: BIOPROSPECTING MICROORGANISMS OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT-A REVIEW.
Author: Ayona Jayadev and S.S Navami.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 137-143 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Bioprospecting, Bioactive compounds, Marine bacteria, Marine fungi, Marine viruses, Marne actinomycetes.
Abstract: Organisms associated with marine environments have greater potential produce hydrolyzing enzymes such as amylase, lipase, protease, chitinase etc. and hence the bio-prospecting for these compounds is of greater importance. Various screening approaches could be developed to increase the ease with which the microbial products can be retrieved. It can be expected that more efficient and effective application of microbial natural products will contribute to the fields of industries, pollution abatement processes and medicine.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abe, F. and Horikoshi, K. 2001. The biotechnological potential of piezophiles. Trends Biotechnol. 19: 102-108.
Alain, K. and Querellou, J. 2009. Cultivating the uncultured: limits, advances and future challenges. Extremophiles 13: 583-594.
Literature cited 2: Allen, E.J.1914. On the culture of the plankton diatom Thalassiosira gravid Cleve in artificial seawater, F. Mar. Biol. Assicia, U.K. 10: 417-439.
Amann, R.I, Ludwing, W. and Schleifer, K.H. 1995. Phylogenetic identification and insitu detection of individual microbial cells without cultivation., Microbiol Rev. 59: 143-169.
ID: 59824
Title: CLINICAL VALIDATION OF A WHOLE-CELL VACCINE FOR HAEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME.
Author: Divya Sasitharan and M.Masilamani Selvam
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 131-135 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Escherichia coli 0157: H7, Whole-cell, Vaccine, Clinical trial, Haemolytic uremic syndrome.
Abstract: Background: A major public health goal is to prevent Entrohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC)-induced diseases in human and the same can be met by the development of vaccine against the EHEC strains, such as Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Aim and Objective: To determine the efficacy of whole-cell vaccine prepared out of Escherichia coli 0157:H7, for having its pathogenicity lost, using laboratory animals such as rats. Samples such as ground beef, chicken intestine, raw milk and pasteurized milk was collected and analysed or the isolation and identification of Escherichia coli strain by standard microbiological techniques. Apart from general characterization, antibioticsensitivity tests were performed to determine antimicrobial resistance profiles. Conventional PCR amplification confirmed the presence of five selected virulence genes, namely Intimin (eae) Shigatoxin 1 (stx) 1, Shigatoxin (stx2), Hemolysin (hlyA) and Flagellar antigen (fliCh7) genes. One isolate was found to possess maximum number tested virulence genes and hence chosen for vaccine preparation. A whole cell formalin killed vaccine was produced out of selected isolate strain of Escherichia coli 0157: H7as per Jan Holmgren et al., (2003) protocol. Prepared vaccine was subjected to its efficacy test using rat models after obtaining proper ethical clearance. After challenging with ATCC and isolates, screening methods emphasized on studying the histopathology effects on test rats as well as on control rats (mortality as well as morbidity in liver and kidney) were done. Normal histology was seen in liver and kidney specimens of vaccinated and challenged rat groups as well as control uninoculated unvaccinated rat groups. However, toxic evidences were observed in liver as well as kidneys of rat groups which were unvaccinated and challenged with pathogenic strains. Vaccine is believed to have lost its pathogenecity as validated by animal studies as expected. However, this is just a preliminary confirmation before proceeding to clinical trials with human volunteers.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Chik, H. Pai, Rhonda Gordon, R.T., Harry, V. Sims and Lawrence, E. Bryan, 1984. Sporadic cases of hemorrhagic colitis associated with Escherichia coli 0157:H7: Clinical, epidemiologic, and bacteriologic features. Annual Internal Medicine. 101 (6): 738-742.
EL-Jakee, J., Moussa, E.I., Mohamed K.H.F. and Mohamed, G. 2009. Using molecular techniquies for characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from water sources in Egypt. Global Veterinaria. 3 (5): 354-362.
Literature cited 2: Evans, D.J. Jr, Evans, D.G., Opekun, A.R. and Graham, D.Y.1988. Immunoprotective oral whole cell vaccine for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea prepared by insitu destruction of chromosomal and plasmid DNA with colicin E2.FEMS Microbiol Immunol. 1 (1): 9-18.
Gould, L.H., Demma, L., Jones, T.F., Hurd, S., Vugia, D.J., Smith, K., Shiferaw, B., Segler, S., Palmer, A., Zansky, S. and Griffin, P.M., 2009. Hemolytic uremic syndrome and death in persons with Escherichia coli 0157: H7 infection, food-borne diseases active surveillance network sites, 2000-2006. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 15 (10): 1480-1485.
ID: 59823
Title: EVALUATION OF ANTIBODIES RAISED AGAINST NATIVE AND RECOMBINANT ANTIGENS IN PLATE ELIS FORMAT FOR THE IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI CAUSATIVE ORGANISM OF MELIODOSIS.
Author: Archana Prakash, Sonia Arora, Duraipandian Thavaselvam, Ashu Kumar, Anita Barua and K.Sathyaseelan.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 121-129 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Burkholderia pseudomallei, Melioidosis, ELISA, Bacteria Characterization.
Abstract: Meliodosis is an emerging infectious disease in India and the soil dwelling Gram-negative pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative organism for this disease. The disease is endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia with highest percentage of melioidosis cases reported by Thailand. This disease is increasingly becoming an emerging disease in mostly coastal regions of India. In the present study antibodies raised against several native and recombinant antigens of Burkholderia pseudomallei was evaluated in plate ELISA format for the immunological characterization of clinical and environmental isolates. In all sixty nine whole cell native antigens of Burkholderia pseudomallei strains, Burkholderia related and other species species were tested with rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against sonicated antigen of B. pseudomallei NCTC10274, mice anti-recombinant GroEL protein antigen, mice anti-cell envelope protein antigen, monoclonal antibodies raised against whole cell sonicated antigen and human Melioidosis sera from culture positive clinical case as positive control. The polyclonal antibodies raised against sonicted antigen of B.pseudomallei reference strain was found cross reactive with 20 other bacterial species and polyclonal antibodies raised against cell envelope antigen reacted with 5 other bacterial species. The polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant GroEL protein cross reacted with 8 other bacterial species and the pooled human culture positive sera reacted with six bacterial species. All the polyclonal antibodies tested although had positive reaction with all the reference strains, clinical and environmental isolates of B. pseudomallei but cross reacted with other bacteria. The two monoclonal antibodies tested reacted selectively with the B. pseudomallei isolates and no reaction was observed with any of the other bacterial species tested. These results will be very useful in not only developing immuno assay for detection but also for rapid characterization of isolates.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Cheng, A. C. and Currie, B.J. 2005. Meliodosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. Clin. Microbiol.Rev.18: 383-416.
Cheng, A.C., O Brien, M., Freeman, K., Lum, G. and Currie, B.J. 2006. Indirect hemagglutination assay in patients with Melioidosis in northern Australia. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 74: 330-334.
Literature cited 2: Chenthamarakshan, V., Vadivelu J. and Puthucheary, S. D.2001. Detection of immunoglobulins M and G using culture filtrate antigen of Burkholderia pseudomallei.Diagn.Microbiol.Infect. Dis. 39: 17.
Dharakul, T., Songsivilai, S., Anuntagool, N., Chaowagul, W., Wongbunnate, S., Intachote, P. and Sirisinha, S. 1997. Diagnostic value of an antibody enzymelinked immunosorbent assay using affinity-purified antigen in an area endemic for melioidosis. Am.J.Trop.Med.Hyg.56: 418-423.
ID: 59822
Title: EFFICACY OF ACCUMULATION ON HEAVY METALS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING WATER HYACINTH (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES)
Author: I.Ashok, R. Balaji, S.Sakthivel and Sheela Sasikumar.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 115-120 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Water hyacinth, Heavy metals, metal contamination, Echhornia crassipes, Phytoremediation, Physico chemical.
Abstract: The present study aims to find out the efficiency of water hyacinth in accumulation and fast absorption of all heavy metals from the aqueous solution. This study infers that water hyacinth plays a vital role in phytoremediation. Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) has been tested for removal of four important heavy metals chromium (Cr) lead (Pb) cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) from metal solution. The plant was grown at four different 20 ppm metal solutions in laboratory condition. The results shows significant removal (up to 63 %) of heavy metals during 10th day when compared to other different time point 1st day, 5th day, 8th day treated groups. Average physico chemical composition of the water was also analyzed at different time point 1st day, 5th day, 8th day and 10th day treated group showed a significant difference when compared to control and the 10th day treated group was highly significant. From our results we conclude Eichhornia crassipes has the efficiency to with stand all metal contamination of the selected heavy metals and it can be used for removal of heavy metals from metal polluted water bodies.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bastviken, S.K., Eriksson, P.G., Premrov, A. and Tonderski, K. 2005. Potential denitrification in wetland sediments with different plant species detritus. ECOL. Eng. 25: 183-190
Chua, H. 1998. Bio-accumulation of environmental residues of rare earth elements in aquatic ora Eichhornia crassipes, (Mart) Solms in Guangdong Province in China.The Science of the Total Environment. 214: 79-85.
Literature cited 2: Chung, A.K.C, Wu, Y., Tam, N.F.Y. and Wong, N.F.Y. 2008. Nitrogen and phosphate mass balance in a sub-surface ow constructed wetland for treating municipal wastewater. Ecological Engineering. 32: 81-89.
Cordes, KB., Mehra, A., Farago, M.E. and Banerjee, D.K. 2000. Uptake of cd, Cu, Ni and Zn by the water hyacinth, E ichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms from pulverized fuel ash (PFA) leachates and slurries. Environ. Geochem. Health. 22: 297-316.
ID: 59821
Title: RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZATION OF BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCTION FROM BACILLUS SP. VITPGMB ISOLATED FROM MARINE WATER.
Author: Meenakshi Singh Grusha, Piyush Jain, L. Karthik, G. Kumar and K.V.Bhaskara Rao.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 109-113 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Biosurfactant, Lipase activity, Hemolytic activity, Emulsification index, MEOR, Response Surface Methodology.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to isolate microorganism that produces biosurfactant and to optimize its production. Lipase and hemolytic activity were performed as primary screening procedures. Three potential isolates (GMP 1 to GMP3) were subjected to secondary screening by Drop collapsing method, Oil displacement method and Emulsification index. A decrease in surface tension at oil-water interface was recorded. Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEROR) was performed and oil elution recorded from GMP1 and GMP2 was 2.0 mL and 2.2 mL respectively. GC-MS analysis of the extract from GMP2 revealed the presence of surface active compounds. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to study the interactions between various factors and it was found that a pH=8.91, temperature =25.66 ? C, peptone-4.04 g/L, yeast extract-3.09 g/L and concentration of oil-0.52 % were optimal for production from GMP2. The isolate was identified as Bacillus sp. VITPGMB.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Banat, I.M., Franzetti, A., Gandolfi, I., Bestetti, G., Martinotti, M., et al.2010. Mcrobial biosurfactants production, applications and future potential. Appl.Microbiol. Biotechnol. 87 (2): 427-444.
Bognolo, G. 1999. Biosurfactants asemulsifying agents for hydrocarbons. Colloid Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Aspect. 152: 41-52.
Literature cited 2: Christofi, N. and Ivshina, I.B. 2002. Microbial surfactants and their use in field studies of soil remediation. J. Appl. Microbiol. 93 (6): 915-929.
Clark, R.B. 1999. Marine Pollution.Oxford University Press, Fourth edition, 161.
ID: 59820
Title: PSEUDALLESCHERIA BOYDII IN WILD RODENTS IN KERALA, INDIA.
Author: Manuel Thomas, Rogimon P.Thomas and M.Thangavel.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 107-108 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Psedallescheria boydii, Wild rodents, Kerala.
Abstract: During mycological examination of wild rats in Kerala, P. boydii was isolated from lungs of two species of rats viz water rats (Rattus norvegicus) and larger bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica). The lung samples were inoculated into Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) with antibiotics and incubated at room temperature. The developed colonies were further subcultured on to SDA, Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Cornmeal Agar (CMA). Typical white colonies which alter becomes dark gray to smoky brown with ruptured cleisthothecium-the hallmark of P. boydii was observed. Among the tested rodent species, 15 % of Rattus norvegicus specimens and 10 % of Bandicota indica were found positive for P. boydii.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Annam, V., Athaniker, V.S. and Yeliker, B.R. 2008. Isolated frontal sinusitis due to Pseudallescheria boydii. Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol. 51: 435-436.
Cortez, K.J., Roilides, E., Quiroz-Telles, F., Meletiadis, J., Antachopoulos, C., Knudsen, T., Buchanan, W., Milanovich, J., Sutton, D.A., Fothergill, A., Rinaldi, M.G. and Shea, Y.R. 2008. Infections caused by Scedosporium spp. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 21 (1): 157-197.
Literature cited 2: Davis, P.R., Meyer, G.A., Hanson, R.R. and Stringfellow, J.S.2000. Pseudallescheria boydii infection of the nasal cavity of a horse. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 217 (5): 617-792.
Guaro, J., Kantarcioglu, A.S., Horre, R., Rodriguez-Tudela, J.L., Estrella, M.C., Berenguer, J. and de Hoog, G.S. 2006. Scedosporium apiospermum: Changing clinical spectrum of a therapy-refractory opportunist. Med. Mycol. 44: 295-327.
ID: 59819
Title: ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTION IN MIR ALAM LAKE, HYDERABAD, A.P., INDIA.
Author: Amin Hossaini Motlagh, K. Navatha and P.Manikya Reddy.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 103-106 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Pollution, Water quality, Mir Alam Lake, Phytoplankton.
Abstract: An assessment of pollution of the Mir Alam Lake has been made with the help of chemical and phycological parameters. Four stations were selected within the lake. Biocarbonates, Chlorides, Phosphates, Nitrites and Total solids were recorded in very high concentrations. Dissolved oxygen was present in low levels in the lake. The biological data reveal that the individuals of some organisms have increased. The data compared with ISI and WHO standards and water quality criteria. The importance of algae as biomonitors in pollution studies has also been emphasized.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: APHA, AWWA and WPCF, (American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation). 1995. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water 19th ed. Published by APHA, AWWA and WPCF, Washington, USA.
Ashesh Tiwari and Chauhan, V.S. 2006. A check list of Chlorococcales from Bandh Baretha water reservoir at Bharatpur, Rajasthan. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 86 (1-2): 43-47.
Literature cited 2: Butcher, R.W. 1949. Problems of distribution of sessile algae in running water. Verm. Inst. Ver. Limnol. 10: 98-103.
Cairns, J. and Lanza, G.R. 1972. Pollution controlled changes in algal and Protozoan communities in water pollution. Microbiology (Ed. R Mitchell, John Wiley and Sons.) Inc. pp. 245-273.
ID: 59818
Title: BIOEFFICIENCY AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECT OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF ANNONA MURICATA LINN ON ROOT TIPS OF ALLIUM CEPA LINN.
Author: M.Mini and P.M. Beebi Razeena.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 97-101 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Annona muricata Linn, Acetogenins, Bioefficacy, Cytotoxicity, Conservation.
Abstract: Annona muricata Linn belongs to Annonaceae family called ' Soursop tree ' (vernacular name- ' Mullenchakka ' or ' lakshmana Pazham ' ) and can grow in low elevated areas of Kerala. The present study focuses on bioefficiency and cytotoxic activity of the leaf of this plant on root meristem of Allium cepa Linn. In vitro studies of aqueous leaf extract showed inhibition of the growth of Aspergillus flavus Link; Fr, Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus niger Van Tieghem. The cytotoxic study of different concentration of Annona muricata leaf extract (90 %, 80 %) on root meristem of Allium cepa Linn showed chromosome aberrations (chromosome bridges, rings, lagging and fragmentations, diagonal Anaphase and metaphase, vacuolated and sickle shaped nucleus, ball metaphase and Micronuclei). In 60 % and control have no chromosomal aberrations. This study again proved this plant can prevent the pathological malignancy of the cells. Nowadays this plant is endangered and threatened. At these circumstances this plant must protect and conserve for the welfare of human beings.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Arthur, F.K.N., Woode, E., Terlahi, E.O. and Larbie, C. 2011.Evaluation of acute and subchronic toxicities of Annona muricata Linn aqueous extract in animals. Euro. J. Exp. Bio. 1 (4): 115-124.
Chang, F.R. and Wu, Y.C.2001. Novel cytotoxic Annonaceous Acetogenins from Annona muricata. J. Nat Prod 64 (7): 925-931.
Literature cited 2: Gajalakshmi, S., Vijayalakshmi, S., and Devi Rajeswari, V. 2012. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Annona muricata: a review. Int. J. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science. 4 (2): 3-6.
Kim, G.S., Zens, L., Alali, F., Rogrs, L.L., Wu, F.E., Sastrodihardjo, S. and Mc Laughlin, J.L. 1998. Muricoreasin and murihexocin C Mono tetrahydrofuran acetogenins from the leaves of Annona muricata. J. of Phytochemistry. 49 (2): 565-571.
ID: 59817
Title: PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS.
Author: Sonali Dilip Randive.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 91-96 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Phytochemical, Medicinal Plants, Antimicrobial activity.
Abstract: The phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of six medicinal plants like caesalpinia bonducella Murraya koengi, Tinospora cordifolia, Morinda citrifolia, Ficus fistulosa, Roasted kirkasaali have been tested for their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms Bacillus subtilis staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aueroginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniaalong.Caeselpinia bonducella show excellent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E.coli Bacillus subtilis, Murraya koenigii show activity against Klebsiella pneumonia Tinospora cordifolia show good activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and E.coli.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Acar, J.F. and Goldstein F.W., 1996, Disk Susceptibility Test In Antibiotics In Laboratory Medicine. 4th edition, edited by victor L, Editor (Williams and Wilkins publishers) 1-51.
Agarry, O.O., M.T. and Bello Michael, C.O. 2005. Comparative antimicrobial activities of Aloe vera gel and leaf. African Journal of Biotechnology. 4 (12): 1413-1414.
Literature cited 2: Ahmad, M.M., Salim-ur-Rehman, Z. Iqbal, F.M. Anjum and Sultan, J.I. 2006. Genetic variability to essential oil composition in four citrus fruit species. PakJ. Bot. 38 (2): 319-324.
Almas, K., and Ansallafi, T.R. 1995. The natural toothbrush. World Health Forum. 16: 206-210.
ID: 59816
Title: ECO-FRIENDLY DOSE OF ANTIBIOTICS FOR SUPPRESSION OF AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACEINS.
Author: J.Rastogi, N.N Tiwari, S.Gupta, P.Bubber and R.K.Singh.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 85-87 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Sugarcane, Antibiotics, Eco-friendly
Abstract: One of the major obstacles in sugarcane transformed tissue is the persistence of Agrobacteriaum tumefaciens after co-cultivation. Many antibiotics are used to elimi8nate the bacteria. Antibiotics interrupt the synthesis of bacterial cell wall and also suppressing the growth of co-cultivating tissues at high concentration. An assay was performed to fix the minimal eco-friendly lethal dose of the eliminating agent that was precisely efficient against A. tumefaciens. The disk diffusion assay and co-cultivation of leaf disc explants were performed by using the A. tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 P-35 GUS Intron having the plasmid PCAMBIA 1301, which carries the selectable marker gene (npt II) for kanamycin. It was also correlated whether these antibiotics at high concentration inhibit growth of sugarcane callus and shoot formation. In this study five antibiotics i.e. Cefotaxime, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin and Ciprofloxacin were tested with seven different concentrations @ 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400 & 500 mg/1 along with control. The antibiotics which showed maximum zones of inhibition were assayed to determine their effects on shoot growth and elimination of A. tumefaciens. Maximum inhibition was observed with Chloramphenicol @ 50 mg/1 against A. tumefaciens LBA 4404 P-35 GUS Intron without any adverse effect on regenerated shoots through young leaf disc. The Cefotaxime @ 200 mg/ 1 was found effective to eliminate A. Tumefaciens LBA 4404 P-35 GUS Intron eco-friendly, an efficient and cost-effective transformation system in sugarcane.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Arvinth, S., Arun, S., Selvakesavan, R.K. Sikanth, J., Mukunthan, N., Ananda, P.K., Premchandran, M.N. and Subramonian, N. 2010. Genetic transformation and pyramiding of aprotinin-expressing sugarcane with cry1 Ab for shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus ) resistance. Pant Cell Rep. 29: 383-395.
April. 2012. Amoxicillin spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and Resistance. www. Toku-e.com.
Literature cited 2: Christy, L.A., Arvinth, S., Sarvanakumar, M., Kanchana, M., Mukunthan, N., Srikanth, J., Thomas, G. and Subramonan, N. 2009. Engineering sugarcane cultivars with bovine pancreatic trysin inhibitor (aprotinin) gene for protection against top borer (Scripophaga excerptalis Walker) Plant Cell Rep. 28: 175-184.
Dessoky, S.E., Roba, M.I., Abdel, H.A., Abdel, H. and Naglaa, A. 2011. Establishment of regeneration and transformation system of sugarcane cultivar GT54-9 (C9). GM Crops. 2 (2): 126-134.
ID: 59815
Title: PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIINFLAMMATORY STUDIES OF STEM BARK EXTRACT OF DELONIX ELATA
Author: T.Raga Sudha and B. Ganga Rao.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 81-83 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Delonix elata, Anti-inflammatory activity, Stem bark, Phyto-chemical activities.
Abstract: Delonix elata (Fabaceae) is an ornamental and medicinal tree found in Africa and Asia. The methanolic extract of the stem bark in Delonix elata was screened for anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema at the dose levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg was compared with the standard drug ibuprofen. The extract produced significant and dose dependent inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema. The results were found to be significant (P<0.001) when compared to control. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Delonix elata indicates the presence of triterpinoids, flavonoids and tannins. Further studies may reveal the exact mechanism of action and phytochemical constituents responsible for anti-inflammatory activity.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Alj Habaubi and Zeitlin, I.J.1983. Europ. J. Pharmacol. 88: 1969.
Anonymous Pharmacopoeia of India. 1980. 2nd Edn, Ministry of Health, New Delhi, 67-69.
Literature cited 2: Azza Agh, M. and Gad, Z. 1995. Lipid peroxidation and lysosomal integrity different inflammatory models in rats. The effects of indomethacin and naftazone. Pharmacol. Res. 329: 279-285.
Cragg, G.M. and Newman, D.G. 2001. Medicines from the millennia. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 953: 3-25.
ID: 59814
Title: PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF XYLANASE FROM LOCAL FUNGAL ISOLATES BY SUBMERGED FERMENTATION.
Author: Varsha D.Savanth and Seema J. Patel.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 75-80 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Aspergillus sp, Hhydrolysis, Zymogram, Dialysis.
Abstract: Xylanases showing better stability of alkaline pH and higher temperatures have potential applications in several industrial processes. The objective of this study is to determine the kinetic properties and thermal and alkaline stability of partially purified xylanase from Aspergillus niger isolates using birch wood xylan as carbon source. The fungal strains were isolated from soil of different places around Davangere, identified and preserved. Xylanase was extracted by submerged fermentation using these isolates on standard substrate. Further it was purified by ammonium sulfate (80 %) fractionation and dialysis. The molecular mass of the xylanase was ~ 22 kDa and the zymogram analysis indicated that this enzyme was an active xylanase. Highest xylanase activity of 1.222 units.mL-1 was obtained with the isolate 5. The optimum temperature was found to be 40 ? C and pH 4.5. In the presence of metal ions such as Mg2+ and Cu2+, the activity of the enzyme increased, whereas strong inhibition of the enzyme activity was observed in the presence of Hg+2 and chelator EDTA. The hydrolysis study of birch wood xylan by TLC showed the formation of xylose as an end product.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abu, E.A., Onyenekwe, P.C., Ameh, D.A., Agbaji, A.S. and Ado SA. 2000. Cellulase (E.C.3.2.1.3) production from sorghum bran by Aspergillus niger SL 1: An assessment of pretreartment methods. Proceedings of the International Conference on Biotechnology: Commercialization and Food security, Abuja, Nigeria. 153-159.
Anand, L.Krishnamurthy, S. and P.J. Vithayathil, 1990. Purification and properties of xylanase from the thermophilic fungus, Humicola lanuginose (griffon and manublanc) bunce, Arch, Arch.Biochem. Biophys. 276: 546-553.
Literature cited 2: Bhat, P.1985. Microbial xylanolytic system.Trends. Biotechnol. 3 (2): 286-290.
Bhatt Nikhil, Adhyaru Dharmesh and Thakor Eriksson, K-EL. 1985. Swedish developments in biotechnology related to the pulp and paper industry.Tech. Assoc. Pulp. Pap. Ind. 68: 46-55.
ID: 59813
Title: SCREENING OF ANTIVIRTAL ACTIVITY OF THE CHOSEN SEAWEED EXTRACT.
Author: D.Jenilarani, M.Millicent Mabel, N.Parthasarthy and A.Uma.
Editor: Dr. P.K. Wong, Dr. R.K. Trivedy
Year: 2014
Publisher: Global science publications
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences vol. 16 (1) 70-74 (2014.)
Subject: Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology & Environmental sciences
Keywords: Seaweeds, Shrimp, Enteromorpha sp., Ulva sp. and Sargassum sp.
Abstract: Seaweeds are possessed anti-viral properties that was designed to evaluate the antiviral properties of selected seaweeds namely, Enteromorpha sp., Ulva sp. and Sargassum sp. in controlling the White Spot Sundrome disease in shrimp. In the present investigation found the viral infection cannot be completely inhibited, the methanol extract from Enteromorpha sp. reduced the effect of the virus up to its 3rd dilution (200 mg with 400 mL medium/well) against WSSV. The peeling off cells was observed to be lesser in the infected cells treated with the extract in this concentration when compared to the wells infected with WSSV (virus control). The significant anti-viral activity was observed up to its 3rd dilution in Ulva sp. extracted with chloroform and at 4th and 5th dilutions in Ulva sp. extracted with hexane.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Amin Ismail and Tan Siew Hong, 2002. Anti-oxidant activity of selected commercial seaweeds. J. Nutr. 8 (2): 167-177.
Ballesteros, E and D. Martin, 1992. Biological activity of extracts from Mediterranean Sea. Bot. Mar. 35: 481-485.
Literature cited 2: Blunden, G., Barwell, C.J and Jewers, K. 1981. A survey of some British marine algae for anti-influenza virus activity. Bot. Mar. 24: 478-488.
Caccamese, S.R., Azzolina, Furnari, G. and Cormaci, M. 1981. Antimicrobial and antiviral activities of some marine algae from eastern sicily.Bot.Mar. 24: 365-367.