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ID: 60007
Title: A comparison of selected classification algorithms for mapping bamboo patches in lower Gangetic plains using very high resolution Worldview 2 imagery.
Author: Aniruddha Ghosh, P.K. Joshi.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 298-311 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Bamboo mapping, Feature selection, GLCM texture, Pixel and object based classification, Random forest, Support Vector Machine, Word view 2.
Abstract: Bamboo is used by different communities in India to develop indigenous products, maintain livelihood and sustain life. Indian National Bamboo Mission focuses on evaluation, monitoring and development of bamboo as an important plant resource. Knowledge of spatial distribution of bamboo therefore becomes necessary in this context. The present study attempts to map bamboo patches using very high resolution (VHR) Worldview 2 (WV2) imagery in parts of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India using both pixel and object-based approaches. A combined layer of pan-sharpened multi-spectral (MS) bands, first 3 principal components (PC) of these bands and seven second order texture measures based Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) of first three PC were used as input variables. For pixel-based image analysis (PBIA), recursive feature elimination (RFE) based feature selection was carried out to identify the most important input variables. Results of the feature selection indicate that the 10 most important variables include PC 1, PC 2, and their GLCM mean along with 6 MS bands. Three different sets of predictor variables (5 and 10 most important variables and all 32 variables) were classified with Support Vector Machine 10 most important variables selected from RFE were classified with SVM (82%). However object-based image analysis (OBIA) achieved higher classification accuracy than PBIA using the same 32 variables, but with less number of training samples. Using object-based SVM classifier, the producer accuracy of bamboo reached 94 %. The significance of this study is that the present framework is capable of accurately identifying bamboo patches as well as detecting other tree species in a tropical region with heterogeneous land use land cover (LULC), which could further aid the mandate of National Bamboo Mission and related programs.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Arenas-castro, S., Julien, Y., Jimenez-Munoz, J.C. Sobrino, J.A., Fernandez-Haeger, J., Jordano Barbudo, D., 2012. Mapping wild pear trees (Pyrus bourgaeana ) in Mediterranean forest using high-resolution QuickBird satellite imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 34 (9-10), 3376-3396. Bratista, M.H., Haertel, V., 2010. On the classification of remote sensing high spatial resolution image data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 31 (20), 5533-5548.
Literature cited 2: Belluco, E., Camuffo, M., Ferrari, S., Modenese, L., Silvestri, S., Marani, M., 2006. Mapping salt-marsh vegetation by multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 105 (1), 54-67. Blaschke, T., 2010. Object based image analysis for remote sensing. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.

ID: 60006
Title: Evaluating suitability of MODIS-Terra images for reproducing historic sediment concentrations in water bodies: Lake Tana, Ethiopia.
Author: Essayas Kaba, William Philpot, Tammo Steenhuis.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 286-297 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: MODIS, TSS, Lake Tana, Getis-Ord GI
Abstract: Government and NGO funded conservation programs are being implemented in developing countries with the potential benefit of reduced sediment inflow into fresh water lakes. However, these claims are difficult to verify due to limited historical sediment concentration data in lakes and rivers. Remote sensing can potentially aid in monitoring sediment concentration. With almost daily availability over the past ten years and consistent atmospheric correction. With almost daily availability over the past ten years and consistent atmospheric correction applied to the images, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250 meter images are potential resources capable of monitoring future concentrations and reconstructing historical sediment concentration records. In this paper, site-specific relationships are developed between reflectance in near -infrared (NIR) images and three factors: total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity and Secchi depth for Lake Tana near the mouth of the Gumara River. The first two sampling campaigns on November 27, 2010 and May 13, 2011 are used in calibration. Reflectance in the NIR varies linearly with turbidity (R2= 0.89) and TSS (R2=0.95). Secchi depth fit best to an exponential relation with R2 of 0.74. The relationships are validated using a third sample set collected on November 7, 2011 with RMSE of 11 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) for Turbidity, 16.5 mg1-1 for TSS and 0.12 meters for secchi depth. The MAE was 10% for TSS, 14 % for turbidity and 0.1% for Secchi depth. Using the relationship for TSS, a 10-year time series of sediment concentration in Lake Tana near the Gumara River was plotted. It was found that after the severe drought of 2002 and 2003 the concentration in the lake increased significantly. The results showed that MODIS images are potential cost effective tools to monitor suspended sediment concentration and obtain a past history of concentration for evaluating the effect of best management practices.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Ayana, E.K., 2007. Validation Of Radar Altimetry Lake Level Data And It ' s Application In Water Resources Management. University of Twente, The Netherland, Master Thesis. Baban, S.M., 1993. Detecting water quality parameters in the Norfolk Broads, UK, using Landsat imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 14, 1247-1267.
Literature cited 2: Betru, N., Sonali, W., 2010. Disaster risk reduction: experience from the MERET project in Ethiopia. In: Steven Were Omamo, U.G.a.S.S. (Ed.) Revolution: From Food Aid to Food Assistance. WPF, Rome, pp.139-156. Bewket, W., Sterk, G., 2003. Assessment of soil erosion in cultivated fields using a survey methodology for rills in the Chemoga watershed, Ethiopia, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 97, 81-93.

ID: 60005
Title: First results of the earth observation Water Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy (WACMOS)
Author: Z. Su, D. Fernandez-Prieto, J. Timmermans, X. Chen, K.Hungershoefer, R. Roebeling, M.Schroder, J.Schulz, P.Stammes, P.Wang, E. Woltrs.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 270-285 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Earth observation, Evapotranspiration, Solar irradiance, Precipitation, Water vapour.
Abstract: Observing and monitoring the different components of the global water cycle and their dynamics are essential steps to understand the climate of the Earth, forecast the weather, predict natural disasters like floods and droughts, and improve water resources management. Earth observation technology is a unique tool to provide a global understanding of many of the essential variables governing the water cycle and monitor their evolution from global to basin scales. In the coming years, an increasing number of Earth observation missions will provide an unprecedented capacity to quantify several of these variables on a routine basis. However, this growing observational capacity is also increasing the need for dedicated research efforts aimed at exploring the potential offered by the synergies among different and complementary EO data records. In this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the Water Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy (WACMOS) in 2009 aiming at enhancing, developing and validating a novel set of multi-mission based methods and algorithms to retrieve a number of key variables relevant to the water cycle. In particular the project addressed four major scientific challenges associated to a number of key variables governing the water cycle: evapotranspiration, soil moisture, cloud properties related to surface solar irradiance and precipitation, and water vapour. This paper provides an overview of the scientific results and findings with the ultimate goal of demonstrating the potential of strategies based on utilizing multi-mission observations in maximizing the synergistic use of the different types of information provided by the currently available observation systems and establish the basis for further work.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adler, R.F., Negri, A.J., 1988. A satellite IR technique to estimate tropical connective and statiform rainfall. J.Appl.Meteorol, 27, 30-51. Adler, R.F., Huffman, G.J., Chang, A., Ferraro, R., Xie, P., Janowiak, J., Rudolf, Schneider, U., Curtis, S.,Bolvin, D., Gruber, A., Susskind, J., Arkin,P., Nelkin, E., 2003.The version 2 Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present). J. Hydrometer.4, 1147-1167.
Literature cited 2: Aires, F., Prigent, C., 2006. Toward a new generation of satellite surface products? J.Geophys. Res. 111, D22S10, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007362. Anderson, A., Fenning, K., Klepp, C., Bakan, S., Gra?, H., Schulz, J., 2010. The Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data-HOAPS-3.Earth.Syst.Sci.Data 2, 215-234, http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-2-215-2010.

ID: 60004
Title: MODIS-derived albedo changes of Vatnajokull (Iceland) due to tephra deposition from the 2004 Grimsvotn eruption.
Author: Rebbeca Moller, Marco Moller, Helgi Bjorrnsson, Sverrir Guomundsson, Finnur Palsson, Bjorn Oddsson, Peter A. Kukla, Christoph Schneider.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 256-269 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Ice-volcano interactions, Glacier-surface albedo, Iceland, Subglacial eruption, Tephra fallout, Remote sensing.
Abstract: Occasionally, the surface albedo of glaciers may be abruptly altered by deposition of light-absorbing aerosols, which consequently has a sustained impact on their energy-and mass balance. Volcanic eruptions may spread tephra deposits over regional-scale glacierized areas. In November 2004, an explosive, phreatomagmatic eruption of the subglacial Grimsvotn volcano, located in the centre of the Icelandic ice cap Vatnajokull, produced ash fall covering an area of ~ 1280 km2 in the northwestern part of the ice cap. This event affected the surface albedo of the glacier over several years after the eruption. We use MODIS surface-albedo data and an ash-dispersal dataset obtained from in situ measurements on the ice cap to develop a novel, empirically based modelling approach to describe the albedo decrease across the glacier surface caused by deposited tephra. We present analyses of the temporal and spatial variability of the albedo pattern over the post-eruption period from November 2004 to December 2008. The tephra-induced albedo changes were largest and most widely distributed over the glacier surface during the summer season 2005. The observed albedo decrease reached 0.35 when compared to modeled, undisturbed conditions. In the low-lying ablation area, where strong surface melting takes place, the tephra influence on albedo diminished with time and completely faded out within four years after the eruption. In contrast, at the rim of the Grimsvotn caldera surrounding the eruption site the tephra influences on albedo considerably increased with time. Throughout the rest of the high-lying accumulation area, the influences were scattered in both space and time
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adhikary, S., Nakawo, M., Seko, Shakya, B., 2000. Dust influence on the melting process of glacier ice: experimental results from Lirung Glacier, Nepal Himalayas. In: IAHS Redbooks, vol. 264, pp. 43-52. Albino, F., Pinel, V., Sigmundsson, F., 2010. Influence of surface load variations on eruption likelihood: application to two Icelandic subglacial volcanoes, Grimsvotn and Katla, Geophys. J. Intern. 181, 1510-1524.
Literature cited 2: Benson, C., Motyka, R., McNutt, S., Luthi, M., Truffer, M., 2007. Glacier-volcano interactions in the North Crater of Mt Wrangell, Alaska.Ann.Glaciol.45, 48-57. Berthier, E., Bjornsson, H., Palsson, F., Feigl, K.L., Llubes, M., Remy, F., 2006. The level of the Grimsvotn subglacial lake, Vatnajokull, Iceland, monitored with SPOT5 images. Earth Planet.Sci.Lett. 243, 193-302.

ID: 60003
Title: Monitoring water stress in Mediterranean semi-natural vegetation with satellite and meteorological data.
Author: A. Moreno, F. Maselli, M. Chiesi, L.genesio, F. Vaccari, G.Seufert, M.A.Gilabert.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 246-255 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Light use efficiency, water stress, Satellite data, Semi-natural vegetation.
Abstract: In arid and semi-arid environments, the characterization of the inter-annual variations of the light use efficiency ? due to water stress still relies mostly on meteorological data. Thus the GTP estimation based on procedures exclusively driven by remote sensing data has not found yet widespread use. In this work, the potential to characterize the water stress in semi-natural vegetation of three spectral indices (NDWI, SIWSI and NDI7) -from MODIS broad spectral bands-has been analyzed in comparison to a meteorological factor (Cws). The study comprises 70 sites (belonging to 7 different ecosystems ) uniformly distributed over Tuscany, and three eddy covariance tower sites. An operational methodology, which combines meteorological and MODIS data, to characterize the inter-annual variations of ? due to summer water stress is proposed. Its main advantage is that it relies on existing series of meteorological data characterizing each site and allows calculating a typical Cws profile that can be ?updated? (Cws) for the actual conditions using MODIS spectral indices. The results confirm that the modified Cws can be used as a proxy of water stress that does not require concurrent information on meteorological data.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Allard, V., Ourcival, J.M., Rambal, S., Joffre, R., Rocheteau, A., 2008. Seasonal and annual variation of carbon exchange in an evergreen Mediterranean forest in southern France. Global Change Biol.14, 714-725, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01539.x Arrigoni, P.V. Raffaeli, M., Rizzotto, M., Selvi, F., Vicini, D., Lombardi, L., Foggi, B., Melillo,C., Benesperi, R., Ferretti, G., Benucci, S., Turrini, S., di Tommaso, P.L., Signorini, M., Bargelli, E., Miniati,U., Farioli, C., de Dominicis, V., Casini,S., Chiarucci, A., Tomei, P.E., Ansaldi, M., Maccioni, S., Guazzi, E., Zocco Pisana, L., Cenerini, A., Dell ' olmo, L., Menacagli, E., 1998. La vegetazione forestale. Serie Boschi Macchie di Toscana, Regione Toscana, Giunta regionale.
Literature cited 2: Bolle, H.J., Eckardt, M., Koslowsky, D., Maselli, F., Melia Miralles, J., Menenti, M., Olesen, F.S, Petkov, L., Rasool, I., Van de Griend, A., 2006. Mediterranean land surface processes assessed from space. In: Regional Climate Studies, vol. XXVIII. Springer Series. Carter, G.A., 1991. Primary and secondary effects of water content on the spectral reflectance of leaves. Am. J. Bot. 78, 916-924.

ID: 60002
Title: Objected-oriented mapping of urban trees Random Forest classifiers.
Author: Anne Puissant, Simon Rougier, Andre Stumpf.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 235-245 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Urban trees, VHR satellite images, Object based image analysis, Feature selection, Random Forest classifier.
Abstract: Since vegetation in urban areas delivers crucial ecological services as a support to human well-being and to the urban population in general, its monitoring is a major issue for urban planners. Mapping and monitoring the changes in urban green spaces are important tasks because of their functions such as the management of air, climate and water quality, the reduction of noise, the protection of species and the development of recreational activities. In this context, the objective of this work is to propose a methodology to inventory and map the urban tree spaces from a mono-temporal very high resolution (VHR) optical image using a Random Forest classifier in combination with object-oriented approaches. The methodology is developed and its performance is evaluated on a data set of the city of Strasbourg (France) for different categories of built-up areas. The results indicate a good accuracy and a high robustness for the classification of the green elements in terms of user and producer accuracies.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Amro, I., Mateos, J., Vega, M., Molina, R., Katsaggelos, A., 2011. A survey of classical methods and new trends in panshgarpening of multispectral images. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 79, 1-22. Ardila, J.P., Tolpekin, V.A., Bijker, W., Stein, A., 2011. Markov-random-field-based super-resolution mapping for identification of urban trees in VHR images. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 66, 762-775.
Literature cited 2: Ardila, J.P. Bijker, W., Tolpekin, V.A., Stein, A., 2012. Context-sensitive extraction of tree crown objects in urban areas using VHR satellite images. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 15, 57-69. Benz, U.C., Hofman, P., Willhauck, G., Lingenfelder, I., Heynen, M., 2004. Multiresolution object-oriented fuzzy analysis of remote sensing data for GIS-ready information. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 58, 239-258.

ID: 60001
Title: Uncertainty of soil reflectance retrieval from SPOT and RapidEye multispectral satellite images usinga per-pixel bootstrapped empirical line atmospheric correction over an agricultural region.
Author: E. Vaudour, J.M. Gilliot, L.Bel, L. Brechet, J. Hamiache, D. Hadjar, Y. Lemonnier.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 217-234 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Soil reflectance, Per-pixel empirical line, Atmospheric correction accuracy, SPOT, RapidEye, ATCOR2.
Abstract: Many authors have reported the use of empirical line regression between field target sites and image pixels in order to perform atmospheric correction of multispectral images. However few studies were dedicated to the specific reflectance retrieval for cultivated bare soils from multispectral satellite images, from a large number (>=15)
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Anderson, K., Milton, E.J., 2006. On the temporal stability of ground calibration targets: implications for the reproducibility of remote sensing methodologies. International Journal of Remote Sensing 27 (15-16), 3365-3374. Atkinson, P.M. Sargent, I.M., Foody, G.M., Williams, J., 2007. Exploring the geostatistical method for estimating the signal-to-noise ratio of images. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 73 (7), 841-850.
Literature cited 2: Baugh, W.M., Groeneveld, D.P., 2008. Empirical proof of the empirical line. International Journal of Remote Sensing 29 (3), 665 -672. Bellon-Maurel, V., McBratney, A., 2011. Near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic techniques for assessing the amount of carbon stock in soils. Critical review and research perspectives. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 43, 1348-1420.

ID: 60000
Title: Lithological and mineralogical survey of the Oyu Tolgoi region, Southeastern Gobi, Mongolia using ASTER reflectance and emissivity data.
Author: Young-Sun Son, Moon-Kyung Kang, Wang-Jung Yoon.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 205-216 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: ASTER, Oyu Tolgoi, SWIR, TIR, BRLO model, Matched filtering.
Abstract: The Oyu Tolgoi porphyry Cu-Au deposits, Southeastern Gobi, Mongolia, are estimated to be among the world ' s largest reserves. Advanced spaceborn Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) reflectance and emissivity data were used to mp distribution patterns of hydrothermal alteration and igneous rocks, and to locate areas with potential mineral deposit in the Oyu Tolgoi region. To obtain more accurate information for the detection and classification of minerals, pre-processing such as crosstalk correction and additional radiometric correction was performed. The shortwave infrared band ratio logical operator (SWIR-BRLO) models and matched filtering were used to map alteration zone and minerals in the Oyu Tolgoi region. These results were fairly consistent with mineralogical information of previous researches. In addition, we identified mineral potential areas with characteristics similar to the Oyu Tolgoi Cu-Au deposits. In particular, in the northwestern part of the OT North Pluton, an extensive area predicted to be an argillic zone was newly detected. ASTER level 2B surface emissivity data was effectively used for lithological mapping of the Oyu Tolgoi region. The new thermal infrared band ratio logical operator (TIR-BRLO) models could detect areas showing emissivity features of quartzose and alkali rocks. These results indicate that despite some limitations, ASTER data can provide basic information in the initial steps of ore deposit exploration, or when mapping the distribution of altered, quartzose and igneous rocks, especially in areas where direct field survey is difficult.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Abrams, N., 2000. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer. (ASTER): data products for the high spatial resolution imager on NASA ' s Terra platform. International Journal of Remote Sensing 21, 847-859. Bedini, E., 2011. Mineral mapping in the Kap Simpson complex, central East Greenland, using HyMap and ASTER remote sensing data. Advance in Space Research 47, 60-73.
Literature cited 2: Biggar, S.F. Thome, K.T., MacCorkel, J.T., D ' Amico, J.M., 2005. Vicarious calibration of the ASTER SWIR senior including crosstalk correction. Proceedings International Society Optical Engineering. 58882, 588217. Blight, J.H.S., Cunningham, D., Petterson, M.G, 2008. Crustal evolution of the Saykhandullan Inlier, Mongolia: Implication for Palezoic arc magmatism, polyphase deformation and terrance accretion in the southeast Gobi Mineral Belt. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 32, 142-164.

ID: 59999
Title: Remote sensing of plant communities as a tool for assessing the condition of semiarid Mediterranean saline wetlands in agricultural catchments.
Author: J. Martinez-Lopez, M.F. Carreno, J.A. Palazon-Ferrando, J. Martinez-Fernandez, M.A. Esteve.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 193-204 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Semiarid wetlands, Remote sensing, Irrigated agriculture, Plant communities, Watershed hydrological condition, Airborne multispectral sensors.
Abstract: Semiarid Mediterranean saline wetlands are unique ecosystems sheltering high biodiversity. In the last decades, the expansion of irrigated lands has led to hydrological imbalances in Mediterranean catchments, causing wetland degradation. Vegetation composition assessment is considered an important tool for evaluating wetland ecological condition and can be mapped using remote sensing. This study aims to develop a condition index based on plant community composition suitable for semiarid Mediterranean saline wetlands, as well as to test the applicability of airborne multispectral remote sensors for discriminating plant communities. Characteristic plant communities of 12 wetlands were identified by means of ordination and classification analysis of plant taxa cover percentages obtained through fieldwork sampling. An index for assessing wetland ecological condition was developed based on the relationship between wetland plant community composition and watershed hydrological condition. Selected wetland plant communities were then mapped by means of remote sensing techniques using random forest algorithm for supervised classification of airborne images. Following this methodology, remote sensing served as a tool for wetland condition assessment t a regional scale.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Adam, E., Mutanga, O., Rugege, D., 2010. Multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing for identification and mapping of wetland vegetation: a review. Wetlands Ecology and Management 18, 281-296. Alvarez-Rogel, J., Alcaraz Ariza, F., Ortiz Silla, R., 2000. Soil salinity and moisture gradients and plant zonation in Mediterranean salt marshes of Southeast Spain. Wetlands 20, 357-372.
Literature cited 2: Alvarez-Rogel, J., Carrasco, L., Marin, C., Martinez-Sanchez, J., 2007a. Soils of a dune coastal salt marsh system in relation to groundwater level, micro-topography and vegetation under a semiarid Mediterranean climate in SE Spain. Catena 69, 111-121. Alvarez-Rogel, J., Jiminez-Carceles, F.J., Roca, R., Ortiz, M.J., 2007b. Changes in soils and vegetation in a Mediterranean coastal salt marsh impacted by human activities. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 73, 510-526.

ID: 59998
Title: Deformation and fault parameters of the 2005 Qeshm earthquake in Iran revisited: A Bayesian simulated annealing approach applied to the inversion of space geodetic data.
Author: Masoome Amighpey, Behzad Voosoghi, Mahdi Motagh
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 184-192 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Global optimization, Simulated annealing, Source parameters of earthquake, Insar.
Abstract: The estimation of earthquake source parameters using an earth surface displacement field in an elastic half-space leads to a complex nonlinear inverse problem that classic inverse methods are unable to solve. Global optimization methods such as simulated annealing are a good replacement for such problems. Simulated annealing is analogous to thermodynamic annealing where, under certain conditions, the chaotic motions of atoms in a melt can settle to form a crystal with minimal energy. Following this, the unknown model parameters are analogous to the molecules of a molten solid whose chaotic motion gradually ceases during cooling, and the state corresponding to the global minimum of the cost function becomes highly probable at a very low temperatures. Sources parameters of the 2005 Qeshm earthquakes have already been estimated using various studies, including seismicity, the earth ' s surface deformation field, and rupture characteristics. Each of these studies proposes different mechanisms for the earth quakes. In this study, source parameters of the 2005 Qeshm earthquake and its main aftershock are determined with their precision by applying simulated annealing optimization in a Bayesian framework using a coseismal deformation field derived from Envisat radar interferometry. The results agree with surface ruptures and the proposed activation of the Qeshm and NW-SE faults during main shock and main aftershock. This estimate indicates a reverse-slip of 88 ? 11 cm on the qeshm fault and 38 ? 12 cm of strike-slip on the NW-SE fault.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Amigphey, M., Vosooghi, B., Dehghani, M., 2009. Earth surface deformation analysis of 2005 Qeshm earthquake based on threedimensional displacement field derived from radar imagery measurements. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 11 (2), 156-166. Amrikazemi, A., 2005. Geotourism Atlas of Qeshm. Geological Survey of Iran, Iran.
Literature cited 2: Byrd, R.H., Gilbert, J.C., Nocedal, J., 2000. A trust region method based on interior point techniques for nonlinear programming. Mathematical Programming 89 (1), 149-185. Duijndam, J.W., 1988a. Bayesian estimation in seismic inversion. Part 1: Principles. Geophysical Prospecting 36, 878-898.

ID: 59997
Title: Mapping the heterogeneity of natural and semi-natural landscapes
Author: Amjad Ali, C.A.J.M. de Bie, A.K. Skidmore, R.G. Scarrott, P. Lymberakis.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 176-183 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Mapping, Landscape, Heterogeneity, Hyper-temporal, NDVI, MODIS.
Abstract: Natural and semi-natural landscape over is heterogeneous. Ideally, mapping land cover requires an approach that represents both gradients and land covers spatiotemporal variability. These aspects can be visualized and depicted by applying a new spatio-temporal analysis based Landscape Heterogeneity Mapping (LaHMa) method to natural and semi-natural landscapes. Using MODIS NDVI 16-day imagery (February 2000- July 2009) for Crete, a 65-cluster image was selected from ISODATA classification results using the separability values of the divergence statistics. The 65 clusters appropriately generalize the spatial and temporal variability in land cover. Using classified outputs from 10 to 65 clusters, the frequency of pixels identified as boundaries of homogeneous land cover classes was translated into the form of a landscape heterogeneity map, which was then validated using field data. The results show that the heterogeneity map had moderate correlation (R2 = 0.60 and 0.63 in two transects) with the sum of differences between neighbouring transect pixels in all land cover components. In general, the study found this new approach (LaHMa) to be suitable for mapping landscape heterogeneity in the natural and semi-natural landscape of Crete, Greece. The new method appears to be of potential use for informing gradient analyses in landscape ecological studies.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Alexanderidis, T.K., Gitas, I.Z., Silleos, N.G., 2008. An estimation of the optimum temporal resolution for monitoring vegetation condition on a nationwide scale using MODIS/ Terra data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 29, 3589, 3607. Ali, A., de Bie, C.A.J.M., Skidmore, A.K., Scarrott, R.G., Hamad, A., Venus, V., Lymberakis, P., 2013. Mapping land cover gradients through analysis of hyper-temporal NDVI imagery. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 23, 301-312.
Literature cited 2: Austin, M.P., 1990. Community theory and competition in vegetation. In: Grace, J.B., Tilman, D., (Eds), Perspectives in Plant Competition. Academic Press, New York, pp. 215-233. Baker, W.L., Cai, Y., 1992. The r.le programs for multiscale analysis of landscape Ecology 7, 291-302.

ID: 59996
Title: Estimating soil salinity in Pingluo County of China using QuickBird data and soil reflectance spectra.
Author: Ayetiguli Sidike, Shuhe Zhao, Yuming Wen.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 156-175 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Soil salinity, QuickBird data, Measured reflectance spectra, Pingluo County.
Abstract: Soil salinization is a worldwide environmental problem with severe economic and social consequences. In this paper, estimating the soil salinity of Pingluo County, China by a partial least squares regression (PLSR) predictive model was carried out using QuickBird data and soil reflectance spectra. At first, a relationship between the sensitive bands of soil salinity acquired from measured reflectance spectra and the spectral coverage of seven commonly used optical sensors was analyzed. Secondly, the potentiality of QuickBird data in estimating soil salinity by analyzing the correlations between the measured reflectance spectra and reflectance spectra derived from QuickBird data and analyzing the contributions of each band of QuickBird data to soil salinity estimation. Finally, a PLSR predictive model of soil salinity was developed using reflectance spectra from QuickBird data and eight spectral indices derived from QuickBird data. The results indicated that the sensitive bands covered several bands covered several bands of each optical sensor and these sensors can be used for soil salinity estimation. The result of estimation model showed that an accurate prediction of soil salinity can be made based on the PLSR method (R2 =0.992, RMSE=0.195). The PLSR model ' s performance was better than that of the stepwise multiple regression (SMR) method. The results also indicated that using spectral indices such as intensity within spectral bands (Int1, Int 2), soil salinity indices (S11, S12, S13), the brightness index (BI), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the ratio vegetation index (RVI) as independent model variables can help to increase the accuracy of soil salinity mapping. The NDVI and RVI can help to reduce the influences of vegetation cover and soil moisture on prediction accuracy. The method developed in this paper can be applied in other arid and semi-arid areas, such as western China.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Aggasi, M., Sheinberg, I., Morin, J., 1981. Effect of electrolyte concentration and soil sodicity on inflatration rate and crust formation. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 45 (5), 848-851. Al-Abbas, A.H., Swain, P.H., Baumgardner, M.F., 1972. Relating organic matter and clay content to the multispectral radiance of soils. Soil Science 114 (6), 477-485.
Literature cited 2: Aldakheel, Y.Y, 2011. Assessing NDVI spatial patterns as related to irrigation and soil salinity management in Al-Hassa Oasis, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Indian Society Remote Sensing 39 (2), 171-180. Baumgardner, M.F., Silva, L., Biehl 1, L.L, Stoner, E.R., 1985. Reflectance properties of soils. Advances in Agronomy 38, 1-44.

ID: 59995
Title: Improving the efficiency and accuracy of individual tree crown delineation from high-density LiDAR data.
Author: Baoxin Hu, Jili Li, Linhai Jing, Aaron Judah.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 145-155 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Individual tree crown (ITC) delineation, LiDAR, Multi-scale, 3-D structures, Knowledge-based.
Abstract: Canopy height model (CHM) derived from LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data has been commonly used to generate segments of individual tree crowns for forest inventory and sustainable management. However, branches, tree crowns, and tree clusters usually have similar shapes and overlapping sizes, which cause current individual tree crown delineation methods to work less effectively on closed canopy, deciduous or mixedwood forests. In addition, the potential of 3-dimensional (3-D) LiDAR data is not fully realized by CHM-oriented method, detailed vertical structures of tree crowns represented in high-density LiDAR data, and any prior Knowledge of tree crowns. The efficiency and accuracy of ITC delineation can be improved. This frame consists of five steps: (1) determination of dominant crown sizes: (2) generation of initial tree segments using a multi-scale segmentation method; (3) identification of ?problematic? segments; (4) determination of the number of trees based on the 3-D Li-DAR points in each of the identified segments; and (5) refinement of the ?problematic? segments by splitting and merging operations. The proposed framework was efficient, since the detailed examination of 3-D LiDAR points was not applied to all initial segments, but only to those needed further evaluations based on prior knowledge. It was also demonstrated to be effective based on an experiment on natural forests in Ontario, Canada. The proposed framework and specific methods yielded crown maps having a good consistency with manual and visual interpretation. The automated method correctly delineated about 74% and 72% of the tree crowns in two plots with mixedwood and deciduous trees, respectively.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Brandtberg, T., Walter, F., 1998. Automated delineation of individual tree crowns in high spatial resolution aerial images by multiple-scale analysis. Machine Vision and applications 11 (2), 64-73. Chen, Q., Baldocchi, D., Gong, P., Kelly, M., 2006. Isolating individual trees in savanna woodland using small footprint lidar data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 72 (8), 923-932.
Literature cited 2: Clark, I., 1979. Practical Geostatistics. Applied Science Publishers. Culvenor, D.S., 2002. TIDA: an algorithm for the delineation of tree crowns in high spatial resolution remotely sensed imagery. Computers & Geosciences 28 (1), 33-44.

ID: 59994
Title: Characterizing the dynamics change of vegetation cover on tropical forestlands using multi-temporal MODIS EVI.
Author: Yudi Setiawan, Kunihiko yoshino, Lilik Budi Prasetyo
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 132-144 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Forest cover change, Temporal vegetation dynamics, Pathway of change, MODIS image, Java.
Abstract: This paper deals with characterizing temporal vegetation dynamics continuously in the forestlands of Java, Indonesia and assesses the net change area within the context of forest cover change. We argue that a consistent forestland has typical, distinct and repeated temporal inter-annual vegetation dynamics; therefore, a dynamics change in the forestland could be recognized through a change in the pattern of the long-term vegetation dynamics. We explored 250 m multi-temporal MODIS EVI 16-day composite data from 2001 to 2007 to characterize a change in vegetation dynamics related to forest cover change. The change was recognized based on comparison of annual EVI values for two successive years. The results show that by characterizing temporal vegetation dynamics, it is possible to distinguish the dynamics changes in forestlands caused by several processes, such as deforestation, reforestation and forest regrowth. Although the mixed pixel issue is quite problematic for identification of all actual change events in the area, the results indicate that the set of analyses and techniques in this study is still offers great promise for the monitoring of forest cover change at a large scale.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Achard, F., Eva, H.D., Stibig, H.J., Mayaux, P., Gallego, J., Richards, T., Malingreau, J.P., 2002. Determination of deforestation rates of the world ' s Humid Tropical Forests. Science 297, 999-1002. Anderson, L.E., 1996. The causes of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.J. Environ. Dev. 5, 309-328.
Literature cited 2: Angelsen, A., Kaimowitz, D., 1999. Rethinking the causes of deforestation: lessons from economic models. World Bank Res. Obs. 14, 73-98. Asian Forest Network, 2004. Communities transforming forestlands, Java, Indonesia, A collaborative study by Lembaga ARuPA, Yayasan koling and Asia Forest Network, AFN-Philippines.

ID: 59993
Title: Evolutionary feature selection to estimate forest stand variables using LiDAR.
Author: Jorge Garcia-Gutierrez, Eduardo Gonzaez-Ferreiro, Jose C. Riquelme-Santos, David Miranda, Ulises Dieguez- Aranda, Rafel M. Navarro-Cerrillo.
Editor: F.D.van der Meer
Year: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION. Vol. 26 119-131 (2014).
Subject: APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION
Keywords: Evolutionary computation, Forest-stand variables, LiDAR, Regression, Stepwise selection.
Abstract: Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has become an important tool in forestry. LiDAR-derived models are mostly developed by means of multiple linear regression (MLR) after stepwise selection of predictors. An increasing interest in machine learning and evolutionary computation has recently arisen to improve regression use in LiDAR data processing. Although evolutionary machine learning has already proven to be suitable for regression, evolutionary computation may also be applied to improve parametric models such as MLR. This paper provides a hybrid approach based on joint use of MLR and a novel genetic algorithm for the estimation of the main forest stand variables. We show a comparison between our genetic approach and other common methods for selecting predictors. The results obtained from several LiDAR datasets with different pulse densities in two areas of the Iberian Peninsula indicate that genetic algorithms perform better than the other methods statistically. Preliminary studies suggest that a lack of parametric conditions in field data and possible misuse of parametric tests may be the main reasons for the better performance of the genetic algorithm. This research confirms the findings of previous studies that outline the importance of evolutionary computation in the context of LiDAR analysis of forest data, especially when the size of fieldwork datasets is reduced.
Location: TE 15 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Belsley, D., 1991. Conditioning Diagnostics: Collinearity and Weak Data in Regression, Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Chen, G., Hay, G.J., St-Onge, B., 2012. A GEOBIA framework to estimate forest parameters from lidar transects Quickbird imagery and machine learning: a case study in Quebec, Canada. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 15, 28-37.
Literature cited 2: Clark, V., Arnold, T., Agnelli, R., DeVault, C., Edwards, E.S., Gibbs, P., Hyes, D., Kiernan, K., Routten, E., Sanders, A., Savarese, P.T., Schlotzhauer, D., Stockstill, M., 2004. SAS/STAT 9.1 User ' s Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. Cote, J.-F., Fournier, R.A., Egli, R., 2011. An architectural model of trees to estimate forest structural attributes using terrestrial LiDAR. Environmental modeling & software 26 (6), 761-777.