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ID: 59750
Title: The Effects of ownership and capital structure on Environmental Information Disclosure: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Listed Electric Firms.
Author: Kai Chang
Editor: P K Bhattacharya
Year: 2013
Publisher: Dr. R k Pachauri.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: TIDEE Vol.12 (3) 315-330 (2013)
Subject: TERI information Digest on Energy and Environment.
Keywords: Ownership structure, Ownership concentration, Capital Structure, Environmental information disclosure, listed electric firms.
Abstract: Based on 2006 sustainability reporting guidelines and environmental information disclosure measurement issued by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), this paper proposes a quantitative estimation of ownership structure, capital structure, and environmental information disclosure (EID) for 25 listed firms in Chinese electric industry. It also presents the empirical evidence of the effects of ownership and capital structure on environmental information disclosure. Our empirical results show that state legal -person ownership, non-state ownership, ownership concentration, financial leverage, long-term debts, and short-term debts have significantly positive impacts on environmental information disclosure. When compared with listed electric firms who own higher non-state (private) ownership, firms listed with higher state ownership tend to disclose more environmental information, which is helpful for stakeholders in reducing environmental and financial risk. Compared with short-term debt, long-trm debt has a significant effect on EID. Listed firms owned greater long-term debts and tend to disclose more environmental information. It is helpful for creditors to decrease any financial and environmental risks. Finally we propose a series of policies and advices, such as strengthening the control capacity of state-owned assets, strictly carrying out the environmental regulation policies, improving ownership and capital structure, and providing capital market and green financing policies, etc.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Alchain A, 1965.some economics of property rights. 1l Politico 30:816-830 Bhabra H S, Liu T, and Tirtiroglu D. 2008.Capital structure choice in a nascent market: Evidence from listed firms in china. Financial Management 37(2): 341-364
Literature cited 2: Brammer S and Pavelin S. 2008. Factors influencing the quality of corporate environmental disclosure. Business strategy and the Environment 17: 120-136. Bruton D G, Filatotchev I, and Chahien S et al. 2010. Governance and ownership structure and performance of IPO firms. The impacts of different types of private equity investors and institutional environments. Strategic Management journal 31(5): 491-509.

ID: 59749
Title: Sustainable energy for the poor: Using delivery model analysis to understand and design successful intervations.
Author: Emma Clare Wilson
Editor: Steven Hunt
Year: 2014
Publisher: Hedon (Household Energy Network)
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Boiling point issue 63. 26-30 (2014)
Subject: Boiling Point
Keywords: Pro-poor energy delivery models; sustainable energy for all; Investment; Innovation
Abstract: A stronger understanding of how energy delivery models work can help investors, entrepreneurs, development practitioners and the public sector to better understand the opportunities and risk associated with pro-poor and low-carbon energy access interventions. A delivery model analysis needs to explore not only the business model of an enterprise, project or programme, but also the social, cultural, economic and political context of that initiative. This paper describes an approach developed by International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) and partners to analyse existing energy delivery models and to design new models, overcoming the barriers to achieving pro-poor, sustainable development objectives. Key lessons include the need to enhance understanding of the relative roles of public and private sector players,and the factors within the enabling environment and socio-cultural context that shape how a delivery model is implemented ;and the need to measure success interms of development benefits, rather than numbers of solar home systems or stoves distributed .Systematic sharing and learning from experience, along with independent validation of performance and sustainability , are necessary to ensure that the energy delivery models employed in the future are able to deliver models employed in the future are able to deliver sustainable and inclusive development benefits for the poorest.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Albu, M., Griffith, A., 2006. Mapping the market : participatory market-chain development in practice, Enterprise Development and Microfinance Journal ,Volume 17,Issue 2,Available from: http//Practicalaction.org/ Amerasekera, R.M., 2004. The quest for sustainability -profiles of ICS programmes in Asia: Sri Lankan ICS case study. Available from: http//www.ideassrilanka.org/
Literature cited 2: Anneke, W., 2010. Stakeholders have different interests: the difference between theory and practice of M&E energy interventions, Boiling Point, Issue No.55: Monitoring and Evalution. Bellanca, R., Bloomfield, E., Rai, K., 2014. Delivering energy for development: Models for achieving energy access for the world ' s poor. Rugby: Practical Action Publishing. Available from: http://developmentbookshop.com/

ID: 59748
Title: Mera Goa Power: Low cost micro-grids for priority energy needs.
Author: Nikhil jaisinghani
Editor: Steven Hunt
Year: 2014
Publisher: Hedon (Household Energy Network)
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Boiling point issue 63. 12-15 (2014)
Subject: Boiling Point
Keywords: Improved cook stove; voluntary carbon market; Emission reduction
Abstract: Mera Goa Power (MGP) is a social enterprise that builds, owns and operates solar powered micro -grids in North India. Using its unique customized DC micro-grid design, MGPhas expanded to over 900 villages and 20,000 households as of March 2014. Each micro-grid design capable of serving priority energy services to the rural poor without subsidies; it is able to do so by limiting its offering to low energy, high value services. By adopting a micro finance based collection system and developing new tools internally, MGP is mastering collections, proving its business model, and generating a profit. By the end of 2014, MGP aims to reach 45,000 households and 100,000 households by 2015.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Ashoka, Hystra, 2009.Access to Energy for the Base of the Pyramid. Available from: http://hystra.com MIT Technology Review, 2012. 10 Breakthrough Technologies. Available from: www2.technologyreview.com
Literature cited 2: World Bank, 2008. The Welfare Impact Of Rural Electrification: A Reassessment of the costs and Benefits, Independent Evaluation Group. World Bank, 2002. Rural Electrification and Benefits in the Philippines: Measuring the Social and Economic Benefits, ESMAP.

ID: 59747
Title: Micro-grid deployment: From project development to energy access
Author: Ranjit Deshmukh
Editor: Steven Hunt
Year: 2014
Publisher: Hedon (Household Energy Network)
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Boiling point issue 63. 6-8 (2014)
Subject: Boiling Point
Keywords: Micro-grid; Finance; Business model; Sustainability; Energy access; Renewable energy
Abstract: Micro-grids offer tremendous opportunity to expand energy access for economic development, quality of life, and social equity. To build the best end-user experience and to encourage private sector activity, critical assessments of the experiences with systems on the ground are needed. This assessment provides both the focus on what micro-grids can achieve as well as the problems encountered in a number of practical situations.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None

ID: 59746
Title: Decentralising the solar lighting provision: A case study of a solar lantern delivery model from Kenya.
Author: Karnamadakala Rahul Sharma
Editor: Steven Hunt
Year: 2014
Publisher: Hedon (Household Energy Network)
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Boiling point issue 63. 2-5 (2014)
Subject: Boiling Point
Keywords: Solar lighting; Energy access; Business models; communities; Fee-for-service
Abstract: The provision of clean energy services has gained significant momentum with the launch of the UN ' s sustainable Energy for All initiative. While a large number of lighting devices, with varying designs, illumination and strong types, are now available, end-user demand and behavioral issues need to be factored into the design of appropriate products and delivery models. This article highlights the performance and user feedback from a field survey, undertaken in a village cluster in Kenya, in order to understand the design of appropriate solar lighting solutions and delivery model for better end-user acceptability.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: DFID, 2002.Energy for the poor: underpinning the Millennium Development Goals .London: DFID GIZ, 2011.Solar Lamps Field Test Uganda, Final Report, Kampala (accessed 3 August 2013).Available from: http//energy pedia.info/
Literature cited 2: Lighting a Billion Lives, 2013. (Accessed 20 July 2013). Available from: http://labl.teriin.org Lighting Africa, 2013. (Accessed 19 July2013). Available from: http://www.lightingafrica.org

ID: 59745
Title: Carbonate formation of the Lower Carboniferous in central part of Volga-Ural basin.
Author: Anton Nikolaevich Kolchugin, Vladimir Petrovich Morozov, Eduard Anatolievich Korolev and Aleksey Aleksandrovich Eskin.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 107 (12) 2029-2035 (2014)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Limestone, oil prospects, sedimentation, seabed topography, wave base level.
Abstract: Carbonate rocks of the Lower Carboniferous (Tournaisian stage) of the central Volga-Ural basin (the eastern portion of the East European platform) are of practical scientific interest to geologists, particularly because they contain large reserves of oil. Although such layers have been studied, various questions pertaining to development of sedimentation schemes for the rocks have not been answered. We have attempted to resolve these studying a wealth of drill core materials. The study involved structural and genetic analysis of rocks and facies reconstructions. The rocks are mainly represented by different types of shallow-water limestone. The thickness of coeval layers and their lithological structures changes from well to well within an oilfield, primarily due to the different environments of sedimentation during the Tournaisian stage. Therefore, to identify the characteristics of carbonate sedimentation, we have studied the sequences of different types limestone and analysed their thickness. As a result, we have developed principle schemes of sedimentation for shallow-water carbonate rocks of the Tournaisian stage. This may help in the predictive search for reservoir rocks in the region of study.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Tihiy, V.N., Facies and prospects of oil in productive sequences of the southeast Russian platform. In Proceedings of the Scientific Council Session of the oil Institute, VNIGRI Pub., 1, 1947. Muslimov, R.H., Vasiasin, G.I., Shakirov, A.N. and Chendarev, V.V., Geology of Tournaisian Stage in Tatarstan Republic, Monitoring Publ, 1999,p.186.
Literature cited 2: Morozov, V.P. and Kozina, E.A., Carbonate Rocks of Tournaisian Stage Lower Carboniferous, Gart Pub., 2007, p. 201. Kolchugin, A.N., Morozov, V.P. and Korolev, E.A., Diagenesis of carboniferous carbonate reservoirs rocks.case study (Central Part of Volga-Ural Basin). World Appl. Sci.J., 2013, 24 (6)712-718.

ID: 59744
Title: Is Ganga the longest river in the Ganga Basin, India?
Author: Neelam Verma, Rahul Devrani and Vimal Singh
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 107 (12) 2018-2022 (2014)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Ganga Basin, drainage network, headwater, river length, source stream.
Abstract: The length of the main trunk in a river basin is an important morphometric parameter and it depends on the size of the drainage basin. The Ganga River Basin is one of the largest basins in the world with the Ganga River considered to be the main stem. Variable lengths of this river in the literature motivated us to study its exact length and also to test whether geomorphologically it is the longest river in the basin. The results show that the maximum river length of 2758 km is attained when source is considered as the headstream of the Tons River. This length is more than any of the traditional lengths of the Ganga River in the literature. We propose to call the longest segment of the river in Ganga Basin as the Himalayan Foreland River.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Parua, P.K., The Ganga: Water Use in the Indian Subcontinental, Springer, Dordrecht, 2010. Gupta, N., Peter, M.A., and Paul, A.C., Decadal length changes in the fluvial platform of the River Ganga: bringing a mega -river to life with Landsat archives. Remote Sensing Lett., 2013, 4 (1) 1-9.
Literature cited 2: Singh, I.B., The Ganga River. In Large Rivers: Geomorphology and Management (ed Gupta, A.) John Wiley and Sons, U.K, 2008, p.347. Jain, S.K., Agarwal, P.K. and Singh, V.P., Ganga Basin. In Hydrology and Water Resources of India, Springer, The Netherlands, 2007.

ID: 59743
Title: Estimation of monthly average sunshine duration over China based on cloud fraction from MODIS satellite data.
Author: Yongjian He, Xinfa Qiu, Yun Cao and Yan Zeng.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 107 (12) 2013-2018 (2014)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Absolute and relative bias error, cloud cover, moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, sunshine duration.
Abstract: The sunshine duration (SSD) model described herein combines meteorological observation data from an extensive network of weather stations, MODIS satellite cloud cover data, and a high-resolution SSD maps of China. The model yielded low difference between the measured and estimated values at 672 standard weather stations. The mean absolute bias error (MABE) of the monthly mean daily SSD for 2001-2003 was 0.15-0.26 h and the relative bias error (RABE) was 2.34-4.64%. To further validate the model, the observation data from the intensive weather stations (with high spatial resolution) in Jiangsu and Qinghai not used in the calculations, were used for comparison with the estimated values. The annual mean MABE values in Jiangsu and Qinghai during 2001-2003 were less than 0.5 h, and the annual mean RABE values below 5%. Thus, one can conclude that the SSD model is reliable and stable. The spatial distribution of the SSD was also examined, which indicated that the macroscopic distribution of SSD in China determined using MODIS satellite data was more objective and more detailed than the distribution by interpolation of weather station observations of SSD.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Angell, J.K, Variation in United States cloudiness and sunshine duration between 1950 and the drought year of 1988. J.Climate, 1990, 3, 296-308. Monteith, J.L., Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain.Philos.Trans.R.Soc., London Ser.B, 1977, 281, 277-294.
Literature cited 2: Murray, S.J., Watson, I.M. and Prentice, I.C., The use of dynamic global vegetation models for stimulating hydrology and the potential integration of satellite observations. Prog.Phys.Geogr., 2012; doi: 10.1177/0309133312460072. Weng, D.M.Studies on Radiation Climate of Beijing (in Chinese), China, China Meteorological Press, 1997.

ID: 59742
Title: Assessment of vulnerability to cyclones and floods in Odisha, India: a district-level analysis.
Author: Chandra Sekhar Bahinipati
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 107 (12) 1997-2007(2014)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Cyclone and flood, district-wise, integrated approach, Odisha, Vulnerability.
Abstract: Most of the districts in Odisha, India are prone to both cyclones and floods. However, the existing studies have assessed vulnerability manly for the coastal districts, and are largely focused on the biophysical components. Therefore, a comprehensive vulnerability assessment will help unravel the scale of vulnerability across the districts of odisha, and provide a better understanding of the adaptive capacity of households towards these extreme events. An ' integrated approach ' was adopted to assess vulnerability which is viewed as a function of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. A number of proxy indicators were considered to represent these components, and a normalization procedure was adopted in order to aggregate them into a single value. Three key observations emerged. First components like sensitivity and adaptive capacity were found to act as the major determinants of vulnerability. Secondly, eight districts were found to have a higher vulnerability score, and surprisingly, some of the districts are non-coastal. Thirdly, factors like demography, agriculture and economic capacity emerged as the major cause for increasing vulnerability. These results have policy implications in the context of prioritizing limited resources among the vulnerable districts and determinants through the disaster risk management programme at state and district level.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bhatta, B.B., The natural calamities in odisha in the 19th century, Common Wealth Publishers, New Delhi, 1997. Chittibabu, P. et al., Mitigation of flooding and cyclone hazard in Orissa, India.Nat.Hazards, 2004, Orissa, India.Nat.Hazards, 2004, 31 (2), 455-485.
Literature cited 2: Human Development Report 2004, Orissa, Planning and Co-Ordination Department, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneshwar, 2004. Various Annual Reports on Natural Calamities 2001-2011, Special Relief Commissioner, Revenue and Disaster Management Department, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneshwar.

ID: 59741
Title: Post-independence science policy and science funding in India.
Author: Dipankar Mukhopadhyay
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 107 (12) 1983-1987(2014)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Inclusive growth, innovation, science funding, science policy.
Abstract: The present article traces the course of science policy formulation and science funding in India. While in the pre-independence period the private trusts and endowments played a pioneering role in encouraging higher studies and research in science, it is the Government which has been the major fund provider since independence. This article further highlights the thrust areas in various science and technology policy resolutions adopted since independence. While underlining the mechanism of state funding of science research in our country, it has drawn an analogy with the same in the United States.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Gupta, A., The 5-year plans and the role of CSIR in the development of the country.J.Sci.Ind.Res., 2003, 62, 428-435. Approach to the 12th Plan. Planning Commission, Government of India, October 2011.
Literature cited 2: Report of the working Group on Science and Technology set up by the Planning Commission for the 12th Five-Year Plan, September 2011. Report of the Task Force on Scince Policy, Committee on Science and Technology, House of Representatives, Ninety Ninth Congress-A History of Science Policy in the United States 1940-1985, September 1986.

ID: 59740
Title: Design and construction of a confocal laser scanning microscope for biomolecular imaging.
Author: S.Arunkarthick, M.M. Bijeesh, Anand Satya Vetcha, Nishith Rastogi, P.Nandakumar and Geetha K.Varier
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 107 (12) 1965-1969(2014)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Design and construction, confocal laser scanning microscope, biomolecular imaging
Abstract: Confocal fluorescence microscopy has established itself now as an indispensable tool for biomedical and biomolecular research. However, the rigid design and high cost of the commercially available confocal microscopes have limited its wider usage. Here we report on the development of a confocal microscopes have limited its wider usage. Here we report on the development of a confocal laser scanning microscope and demonstrate the three-dimensional sectioning capability of the microscope. The design is versatile and cost-effective, and can be constructed using components normally available in an optics laboratory with minimum amount of additional expenditure. Detailed description of the design and alignment procedure is given so that this note can serve as a primer for construction of a simple confocal microscope.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Paddock, S.W.and Eliceiri, K.W., Methods Mol.Biol., 2014, 1075, 9-47. Stephens, D.J. and Allan, V.J., Science, 2003, 300, 82-86.
Literature cited 2: Nwaneshiudu, A., Kuschal, C., Sakamoto, F.H., Anderson, R.R., Schwarzenberger, K.and Young, RT.C., J.Invest.Dermatol., 2012, 132, e3. Pawley, J.B., Handbook of Biological Confocal Microscopy, Springer, New York, 2006.

ID: 59739
Title: Assessment of the Sunkoshi (Nepal) landslide using multitemporal satellite images.
Author: Priyom Roy, Tapas R.Martha, K.Vinod Kumar.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 107 (12) 1961-1964(2014)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Assessment of Sunkoshi, Nepal landslide, multitemporal satellite images.
Abstract: Nepal occupies about one-third of the Himalayan mountain arc. As a consequence of rugged topography, complex rock types and high rainfall, landslides are a common phenomenon in Nepal. The sharp change of elevation from the southern plains (~60 m amsl) to the mountainous northern parts of the country (~8000 m amsl) has resulted in steep slopes that are highly prone to slope failures. On 2 August 2014, a massive landslide occurred near the Jure Village, close to Mankha, located in Sunkoshi River valley in the Central Region of Nepal. Sunkoshi River valley in the Central Region of Nepal. Sunkoshi River is one of the main tributaries of the Kosi River (as it enters India) and is perennially prone to floods. Reports suggest that the instantaneous down-slope movement of debris buried about 24 houses and accounted for the lives of at least 33 people. It is believed that there may be about 150 more people buried in the landslide, whose bodies may not be retrievable.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Upreti, B.N. and Dhital, M.R., Land-slide Studies and Management in Nepal, ICIMOD, Nepal, 1996, p.87. www.icimod.org/?q=14356.
Literature cited 2: Chalise, S.R.and Khanal, N.R., In Landslide Hazards, Mitigation to the Hindukush-Himalayas (eds Tianchi, L., Chalise, S.R. and Upreti, B.N.). ICIMOD, Kathmandu, 2001, pp. 63-70. Alford, D., Hydrological aspects of the Himalayan region. Occasional Paper No. 18, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, 1992, p. 68.

ID: 59738
Title: Bats in Indian coffee plantations: doing more good than harm.
Author: Claire Wordley, John Altringham and T.R. Shankar Raman.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 107 (12) 1958-1960(2014)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Bats, Indian coffee, Plantations.
Abstract: Many bat species occur in Indian coffee plantations and despite sporadic reports of damage to commercial coffee crops, the literature shows little evidence for these claims. Measures that have been proposed to ' control ' fruit bats are likely to be ineffective and even counter -productive. Instead, insect eating bats should be encouraged by planters as they help to control herbivorous and disease-carrying insects, while fruit bats pollinate flowers and disperse seeds of many useful plants and shade tree species. More research is needed to quantify any crop damage caused by bats and to look for sustainable solutions where necessary.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Uma, M.S., Rahiman, P.A., Ranjth, B. V. and Ramamurthy, N., Indian Coffeee, 2013, 77 (4), 14-15. Boyles, J.G., Cryan, P.M., McCracken, G.F. and Kunz, T.H., Science, 2011, 332, 41-42.
Literature cited 2: Cleveland, C.J. et al., Front. Ecol.Environ., 2006, 4, 238-243. Bates, P.J.J., In Mammals of South Asia.Volume I. (eds Johnsingh, A.J.T. and Manjrekar, N.,) Universaties Press, Hyderabad, 2013, pp. 68-93.

ID: 59737
Title: Accurate location and focal mechanism of small earthquakes near Idukki Reservoir, Kerala: implication for earthquake genesis.
Author: Utpal saikia, S.S. Rai, M.Subrahmanyam, Satyajit Dutta, Somasish Bose, Kajaljyoti Borah and Rishikesh Meena.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 107 (11) 1885-1891(2014)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Earthquake location, fault plane solution, reservoir, tectonics.
Abstract: Earthquake waveform from a new temporary network of 21 seismic stations in South India has been used to significantly improve the detection threshold and parameters of small earthquakes near Idukki Reservoir, Kerala. We present here precise location of 16 earthquakes in this region with a local magnitude of 1.5-3.6 and focal depth 7.2-9.9 km. Fault plane solutions of the selected best six earthquakes show strike-slip faulting and right lateral movement. Reservoir loading usually leads to generation of stress and there -fore earthquakes in the shallow depth (<5 km), that are absent in the region of Idukki Reservoir. Recorded earthquakes are confined to a NW-SE trending fault close to Karur-Kamabam-Painavu-Trichur (KKPT) shear zone. These observations suggest that the earth-quakes in Idukki region are tectonic in nature and have no linkage with the reservoir.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Rai, S.S. et al., South India Precambrian crust and shallow lithospheric mantle: initial result from the India Deep Earth Imaging Experiment (INDEX). J.Earth Syst.Sci., 2013, 122, 1435-1453. Paul, J. et al., Stability of Peninsular India 1864-1994.Proc. Indian Acad.Sci. (Earth Planet. Sci.,), 1995, 104, 131-146.
Literature cited 2: Rajendran, K., Rajendran, C.P., Kesavan, S. and Naveen, R.,Recent micro tremors near the Idukki Reservoir, Kerala,South India.Curr.Sci., 2012, 102, 1446-1451. Padale, J.G. and Das, P.B., A note on the recent seismic activity in the Idukki District, Kerala. Report, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, 1988, p. 12.

ID: 59736
Title: Biogeophysical signatures of microbial natural gas accumulation.
Author: Kushal P.Singh.
Editor: R. Srinivasan.
Year: 2014
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: Centre for Ecological Sciences
Reference: Current Science Vol. 107 (11) 1880-1884 (2014)
Subject: Current Science.
Keywords: Biophysical techniques, electrical potential, methanogenesis, natural gas.
Abstract: Natural gas is produced by subsurface thermogenic and biogenic processes. Although the contribution of microbial processes in the formation of methane gas accounts for more than 20 % of the global natural gas resources, microbial contribution to natural gas accumulation is rarely considered n geophysical exploration .Thus, a laboratory study has been under-taken to investigate the possibility of monitoring and detecting the microbial formation of methane by electrical potential (EP) technique. Distinct EP observed from acetoclastic and hydrotropic methanogenesis suggests that the detection and monitoring of biogenic formation of methane is possible by employing biogeophysical techniques.
Location: TE 12 New Biology Building
Literature cited 1: Bhattacharya, P.K. and Patra, H.P., Direct Current Geoelectric Sounding, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1968. Telford, W.M. et al., Applied Geophysics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
Literature cited 2: Reynolds, J., An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, John Wiley, Chichester, 1997. Revil, A., et al., Applications of the self-potential method to hydrological problems. In Applied Hydrogeophysics, NATO Science Series: Earth and Environmental Science (eds Vereecken, H. et al)., Springer, The Netherlands, 2006, pp.255-292.