ID: 65440
Title: Assessing The Environmental Pollution Due To The Presence Of Fluoride And Nitrate In The Groundwater Of Some Rural Parts Of Sirsa District, Haryana
Author: Parul Kumar and Sushma Jain
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 1046-1053 2021.
Subject: Assessing The Environmental Pollution Due To The Presence Of Fluoride And Nitrate In The Groundwater Of Some Rural Parts Of Sirsa District, Haryana
Keywords: Fluoride, Groundwater, Health issue, Nitrate, Quality, WHO
Abstract: The present analysis was carried out to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking with respect to fluoride and nitrate. Excessive intake of fluoride and nitrate may cause human health risks. A total of 30 representative groundwater samples were collected during pre-monsoon of 2017 from different rural locations in Ellenabad area and analyzed for various quality parameters. The fluoride concentration ranged from 0.6-7.2 mg/L and the nitrate concentration ranged from 6.8-45.2 mg/L. A total of 22 samples out of 30 have high concentrations of nitrate and 8 samples out of 30 have high concentrations of fluoride exceeding the permissible limits of WHO (10 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively). The human health risk associated with the intake of fluoride and nitrate was calculated for infants, children and adults separately. The present study clearly suggests that prior treatment of water is necessary to prevent people from health issues by the intake of fluoride and nitrate via drinking water.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Howard, G.J.B., et al. 2006. Groundwater and public health. IWA Publishing, London.
WHO and UNICEF. 2010. Progress on sanitation and drinking water.
Literature cited 2: Chen, J., H. Wu and H. Qian. 2016. Groundwater nitrate contamination and associated health risk for the rural communities in an agricultural area of Ningxia, northwest China. Expo. Health. 8(3): 349-359.
Hussein, M.T. 2004. Hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater in the blue Nile basin, eastern Sudan, using conventional and multivariate techniques. Hydro. J., 12:144-158.
ID: 65439
Title: Generation, Composition And Management Of Waste Generated Along The Riverfronts (Ghats) Of River Ganga In Varanasi City, India
Author: Vijai Krishna, Sweta Singh Maurya, Chameli Soren and Tanya Gupta
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 1041-1045 2021.
Subject: Generation, Composition And Management Of Waste Generated Along The Riverfronts (Ghats) Of River Ganga In Varanasi City, India
Keywords: Riverfront (Ghats), solid waste management, River pollution, Religious waste
Abstract: Varanasi is one of the most famous cities for its riverfronts and religious and cultural activities carried on there in India. There are 86 riverfronts (ghats). This research work assessed the sources, composition, effects, management and disposal aspects of solid waste produced at nine selected most prominent riverfronts of Varanasi. It has been seen that nine selected riverfronts generated 1880.7 kg waste per day in which flower waste was highest, that is 893.4 kg (47.5%) followed by plastic 499.4 kg (26.55%), paper 305.2 kg (16.22%), cloths 98.7 kg (5.24%) and glass 84 kg (4.46%) wastes. Whereas Manikarnika generated 6000 kg ash and Harishchandra 850 kg ash per day, respectively. At 86 ghats, the number of shops, temples and dustbins is 158, 113 and 244, respectively. To clean 86 ghats, 600 workers work regularly from 6 AM to 10 PM and 20 supervisors supervise them. Management potentials include the production of vermicomposting, composting, extraction of natural dyes, essential oils, biogas generation, incense sticks, rose water and handmade paper. Most of the waste is disposed of at the Karsada waste processing plant.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Vergara, S.E. and G. Tchobanoglous. 2012. Municipal solid waste and the environment: A global perspective. Annuls. Rev. Env. Resour., 37:277–309.
Hoornweg, D. and P. B. Tata. 2012. What a waste: a global review of solid waste management. Urban Development Series. World Bank, Washington DC.
Literature cited 2: Kaza, S., et al. 2018. What a waste 2.0: A global snapshot of solid waste managementto 2050. Urban Development Series. World Bank, Washington DC. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-1329-0.
Kaushal, R. K., G. K. Varghese and M. Chabuk-dhara. 2012. Municipal solid waste management in India – current state and future challenges: a review. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Tech., 4(4): 1473-1489.
ID: 65438
Title: A Study On Efficiency Of Constructed Wetlands In Removal Of Pathogenic Bacteria
Author: Sreedevi Sarsan, G.R. Ksheeraja, Manne Supriya, S. Dedeepya Maha Lakshmi and D. Anusha
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 1036-1040 2021.
Subject: A Study On Efficiency Of Constructed Wetlands In Removal Of Pathogenic Bacteria
Keywords: Wastewater treatment, Constructed wetlands, Pathogenic microorganisms, Bacteria isolation
Abstract: Water pollution has become a perennial concern all over the world especially in developing countries due to rapid urbanization and increased industrialization. This polluted water is of great concern which impacts our social life, health and environment. There are various conventional wastewater treatment methods available, like activated sludge, trickling filters, slow sand filtration, UV radiation, etc., but they have certain limitations, like expensive equipment requirement, skilful manpower requirement and formation of carcinogenic bypro-ducts. Constructed wetlands are effective and environmental friendly ecosystems that are applicable for the reduction of pathogens from wastewater apart from the removal of chemical pollutants. There are many types of pathogens found in wastewaters that originate from human and animal activities. It is practically impossible to identify all the microbial species present in a wastewater sample due to technical difficulties, complexity and expense. Also, due to the complexity of pathogen removal mechanisms and various influencing factors, the knowledge on the fate and removal of bacteria in constructed wetlands (CWs) is still not sufficient. The main objective of our study was to test the efficiency of constructed wetlands in the reduction of pathogens from wastewater. The inlet and outlet water samples were collected from the constructed wetlands, serially diluted and spread plated on specific media plates. The colonies obtained were identified as well as enumerated using viable count technique and percentage reduction in pathogens was determined. The results showed that there is a 60-80% reduction in the number of different bacterial pathogens in the wastewater samples treated by Cw systems.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Okoh, A.I., et al. 2007. Wastewater treatment plants as a source of microbial pathogens in receiving watersheds. African J. Biotech., 6(25): 2932–2944.
Zhang, K. and K. Farahbakhsh. 2007. Removal of native coliphages and coliform bacteria from municipal wastewater by various wastewater treatment processes: implications to water reuse. Water Res., 41: 2816–2824.
Literature cited 2: Alexandros, S.I. and C.S. Akratos. 2016. Removal of pathogenic bacteria in constructed wetlands: Mechanisms and efficiency. Springer International Publishing. pp 327-346.
Koukouraki, E. and E. Diamadopoulos. 2002. THM formation during chlorination of treated municipal wastewater. Water Sci. Tech. Water Supply. 2(3): 235–242.
ID: 65437
Title: Development Of Bio-Nanofertilizers From Oil Cakes
Author: Naga Pavan N., Sai Santhosh B., Sirisha P. and Sharmila K.J.
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 1027-1035 2021.
Subject: Development Of Bio-Nanofertilizers From Oil Cakes
Keywords: Nanotechnology, bio-nanoferilizers, Foliar application, Oil cakes, protein extraction
Abstract: Nanotechnology has opened up a number of scopes for novel application in the field of agriculture industries, because of several physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs), that is high surface area, high reactivity, tunable pore size and particle morphology. Nanoparticles provide smart delivery of fertilizers. Some of the nano polymers that are used in biofertilizers are albumin, alginate or chitosan. Chemical fertilizers resulted in higher productivity as well as caused environmental hazards. To overcome these drawbacks, nanotechnology can be a ray of hope. Nanofertilizer improves crop growth, yield and quality parameters with increased nutrient use efficiency, reduction in wastage of fertilizer and cost of cultivation. It promotes direct entry of nutrients into the plant system, to reduce wastage. Some crops may have protein deficiency, to overcome all these drawbacks. The extraction of protein was carried out according to the method of Maronach and Diosady. The extracted protein sample was coated with nanopolymers. Through Foliar application, bio-nanofertilizers provide proteins to the crops (Foliar application – A technique of feeding plants by applying liquid fertilizer directly to the leaves. Plants are able to absorb essential elements through their leaves). Foliar application of nanofertizer leads to higher nutrient efficiency (NUE) and gives rapid response of growth.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Zulfiqar, F., et al. 2019. Nanofertilizer use for sustainable agriculture: advantage and limitations. Plant Sci. DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110270.
Monarch, R. and L.L. Diosady. 2006. Production of mustard protein isolates from oriental mustard seeds (Brassica juncea L.). J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 83(1):65-69.
Literature cited 2: Mertz, E.T., et al. 1984. Pepsin digestibility of protein in sorghum and other major cereals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81(1):1-2.
Calvo, P., et al. 1997. preparation of nanoparticles, nanoparticles as novel carriers for protein and vaccines.
ID: 65436
Title: Evaluation Of Noise Pollution In The Classrooms Of The Physical Education And Sports Science College At The University of Samarra, Iraq
Author: Abbas Hadi Abbas
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 1018-1026 2021.
Subject: Evaluation Of Noise Pollution In The Classrooms Of The Physical Education And Sports Science College At The University of Samarra, Iraq
Keywords: Equivalent noise, Signal to noise ratio, frequency of reverberation time
Abstract: In this research, noise pollution and its impact on vocal comfort and speech clarity were evaluated in several classrooms at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science at the University of Samarra, where the study has included three halls. The variables studied are the internal and external noise of the halls and the calculation of equivalent noise (Leq) and the ratio of the speaker to noise (signal to noise ratio (SNR)) and the frequency of reverberation time (RT). The study showed a noticeable increase in the internal noise that affects the acoustic comfort and the decrease in ratio of the speaker to the noise in the back seat areas. The frequency of the reverberation was found to fall within the required limits and a significant decrease was observed to dampen the external noise infiltrated into the classroom. A questionnaire was conducted for a random number of students of the college to indicate the noise assessment in the classrooms. Most of the answers were consistent with the results of the research and the few were somewhat different with the study.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: http://www.classroomheating.org/acoustics.htm.
Acoustical Surfaces, Inc. 2021. Reflected sound – Reverberation. Available at: www.acoustica-lsurfaces.com/acoustic/01/reverberation.htm.
Literature cited 2: Ibrahim, Z. H. and H.K. Richard. 2000. Noise pollution at school environment located in residential area. J. Kejuruteraan Awam. 12(2) :47-62.
Zannin, H.P.T. and A.M.C. Ferreira. 2009. Field measurement of acoustic quality in university
classroom. J. Scientific Ind. Res., 68(12):1053-1057.
ID: 65435
Title: Envisaging Variance Amid Indian Floras Owed To Contaminates Via SSIM Technique
Author: Shilpi Aggarwal, Madhulika Bhatia, Hari Mohan Pandey and Rosy Madaan
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 1013-1018 2021.
Subject: Envisaging Variance Amid Indian Floras Owed To Contaminates Via SSIM Technique
Keywords: Structural similarity index methodology, Air quality index, Image processing, Pollution, Oxygen, Plants
Abstract: Earth’s atmosphere contains 20.9% of oxygen among all components (nitrogen, argon and other gases). But due to several factors, such as pollution, global warming, fuel burning, etc., the level of oxygen is degrading. Several researchers have reported that pollution is the main cause for degradation of oxygen levels. People are struggling with several health issues, like asthma, lung cancer and skin problems, like atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis or acne, skin cancer, etc. Due to pollution plants are also getting affected in addition to human beings. Henceforth, numerous researches are in an improvement to overcome the existing challenges. In order to detect the changes in plants due to pollution the current research proposed a structural similarity index methodology (SSIM). All the samples (Ocimum tenuiflorum, Sansevieria trifasciata, Chlorophytum comosum, Azadirachta indica, aloe vera) were stipulated from the Indian species of plants that are rich in oxygen. The structural similarity index (SSIM) is calculated from the input sample images with the help of image processing by using MATLAB 2019a. Further, we have shown the effect on plants due to pollution by contrasting the structural similarity index (SSIM) value with the pollution index. This pollution index was measured from the air quality checker system situated near the target site at the time when the sample images were collected. Many analyses are done and the results were evaluated by plotting graph. This graph depicts that when structural similarity index value increases with respect to pollution index, the image quality of the sample decreases and vice versa.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: WHO. 2003. Health aspects of air pollution with particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Report on a WHO working group, Bonn. World Health Organization, Geneva.
Haralick, R.M. and K. Shanmugam. 1973. Textural features for image classification. IEEE Transactions Systems : Man Cybernetics. 6:610-621.
Literature cited 2: Stevovi, S. 2010. Environmental impact on morphological and anatomical structure of Tansy. African J. Biotech., 9(16):2413-2421.
Kadir, A., et al. 2013. Leaf classification using shape, colour and texture features. arXiv preprint arXiv 1401 4447-20.
ID: 65434
Title: A Study On Leachability And Removal Of Chromium From TCCL Site At Ranipet, Vellore District
Author: Vanitha Murugaiyan and Muthukumaran
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 1004-1012 2021.
Subject: A Study On Leachability And Removal Of Chromium From TCCL Site At Ranipet, Vellore District
Keywords: COPR, Cr(VI) treatment, SnCl2, Na2S2O5, reduction and precipitation, sludge disposal
Abstract: The unscientific disposal of chromium ore processing residue (COPR) in Ranipet area, contaminate the groundwater in the vicinity. Due to the continuous leaching of Cr(VI) from the COPR, the removal of chromium from the groundwater alone is a challenging task. Though several works of literature have confirmed the presence of Cr(VI) in the vicinity, none of them has reported a technology for the removal of Cr(VI) from the contaminated groundwater in this site. This report highlights a recorded value of Cr(VI) as 2018 mg/L in the groundwater and soil contamination in the range of 18-26.2 mg/g within the site. The analysis of water samples collected within 3.0 km from downstream of the dumpsite has revealed the presence of Cr(VI) in the range of 0.053 to 2018 mg/L. Experiments have shown the result of 100% removal of Cr(VI) upon the usage of SnCl2 and Na2S2O5 from the groundwater containing 2000 mg/L of Cr(VI). The report suggests that no acid was required for the reduction of Cr(VI) on the usage of tin chloride and the dosage required for complete removal of Cr(VI) is compared with sodium metabisulphite. As the rate of removal of Cr(VI) is faster in the chemical treatment, the reduction and precipitation method is recommended for treating the contaminated groundwater at this site.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pazand, A. and A. Hezarkhani. 2012. Investigation of hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the Bukan basin, northwest of Iran. Appl. Water Sci., 309-315.
Konikow, L. and E. Kendy. 2005. Groundwater depletion : A global problem. Hydrogeol. J., 13:317-320.
Literature cited 2: CPCB. 2017. List of hazardous waste contaminated dumpsites in the country (as per the information received from SPCBs). Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi.
Kanchinadham, B. K., V. D. Lognathan and C. Kalyanaraman. 2012. A preliminery study on leachability of chromium from a contaminated site. Env. Progress Sustainable Energy. 32(4):1096-1100.
ID: 65433
Title: Growth And Physiological Responses Of Quinoa Plant In Saline-Sodic Soil With Humic Acid Under Drought Stress Conditions
Author: Iman Saberi, Alireza Astaraei and Hojat Emami
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 989-996 2021.
Subject: Growth And Physiological Responses Of Quinoa Plant In Saline-Sodic Soil With Humic Acid Under Drought Stress Conditions
Keywords: Chlorophyll pigment, Carotenoids, Water deficient, Oxidative stress
Abstract: water deficient is one of most important issue in food security, especially arid and semiarid environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the humic acid application in combination with irrigation levels on quinoa growth parameters, chlorophyll pigment and physiological traits under saline- sodic soil. A field experiment, consisting Three levels of humic acid (HA) treatments as control, HA1 and HA2 (0, 0.5 and 1 mg HA/kg soil, respectively) and three drought stress treatments (50%, 75% and 100%) water field capacity (FC) in a randomized complete block design (factorial) with three replications, was carried out in Khorasan Razavi provinance, Iran, during the dry season of 2019. The results showed that water stress decreased the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, but proline and protein contents increased with intensity of water deficient. Application of HA improved chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll and carotenoids in plant under three moisture levels. Proline and protein contents also increased with HA application. Plant height and total dry matter of quinoa increased in treatments with HA1 and HA2 application compared to control in all water stress during the growing season. The current study showed that HA were effective in alleviating drought stress and improving growth parameters.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Hinojosa, L., et al. 2018. Quinoa abiotic stress responses: A review. Plants. 7: 106.
Collins, M., et al. 2013. Long-term climate change: projections, commitments and irreversibility, in Climate change. pp 1029-1136.
Literature cited 2: UN, 2005. World population prospectus: The 2004 revision. UN Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat, New York.
Dubois, O. 2011. The state of the world’s land and water resources for food and agriculture.
ID: 65432
Title: Adsorption Of Cefotaxime From Water Matrix By Using Hybrid Beads
Author: Aijaz Ahmad Mala, Joydeep Dutta and A.M. Raut
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 997-1003 2021.
Subject: Adsorption Of Cefotaxime From Water Matrix By Using Hybrid Beads
Keywords: Cefotaxime, Adsorption, Beads, Isotherms, Kinetics
Abstract: Adsorbents (beads) were prepared using chitosan and plant waste materials. The batch adsorption was conducted to investigate the adsorption of cefotaxime from water matrix by using these prepared beads. The effect of different adsorption parameters, such as pH (3-11), initial concentration (10-50 mg/L), reaction time (30-180 min) and adsorbent dosage (0.1-1 gm/50 mL) were evaluated. Inverse relation was found between adsorption percentage and antibiotic concentration in water, whereas direct relation was observed between adsorption percentage and adsorbent dosage. Maximum adsorption was found at pH 5 with different combination of beads-AWC beads (50% almond shell: 25% walnut shell: 25% chitosan), CAW (50% chitosan: 25% almond shell: 25% walnut shell) and WAC beads (50% walnut shell: 25% almond shell: 25% chitosan). Langmuir adsorption isotherm is well befitting in case of WAC beads and Freundlich adsorption for CAW beads whereas, ACW beads follow both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The rate of adsorption on beads follows Lagergren pseudo second order kinetics. The results indicated that beads in all the combinations can be used as a low-cost effective adsorbent in the treatment of wastewater.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Gao, Y., et al. 2012. Adsorption and removal of tetracycline antibiotics from aqueous solution by graphene oxide. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 368(1):540-546.
Gothwall, R. and S. Thhatikkonda. 2015. Antibiotic pollution in the environment : A review. Clean Soil Air Water. 43(4):479-489.
Literature cited 2: Gao, J., et al. 2015. Azide-functionalized hollow silica nanospheres for removal of antibiotics. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 444:38-41.
Wang, N., et al. 2019. Highly efficient adsorption of flouroquinolone antibiotics using chitosan derived granular hydrogel with 3D structure. J. Molecular liquids. 281:307-314.
ID: 65431
Title: Production Of Plastic Degrading Enzymes From Organisms Isolated From Plastic Polluted Areas
Author: Yashaswini M. and Priya R. Iyer
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 989-996 2021.
Subject: Production Of Plastic Degrading Enzymes From Organisms Isolated From Plastic Polluted Areas
Keywords: Polyethylenase, Plastic biodegradation, Polyethylene terephthalate, Microbial degradation, Esterase
Abstract: Plastics have been a huge nuisance to the world. In order to degrade the most widely used polyethylene terephthalate (PET), this research has been conducted. Organisms were isolated using minimal media along with shredded PET plastic provided as the sole carbon source. Eight individual colonies were isolated and were named PET1 to PET8. Organisms were identified by Gram staining and biochemical assays. Thin layer chromatography was performed along with standard to check the presence of terephthalic acid produced as a result of PET degradation. High pressure liquid chromatography was performed to confirm the production of terephthalic acid. A colourimetric assay was standardized using bromocresol green to quantitatively measure the terephthalic acid produced following the degradation of the plastic. Lowry’s method was performed to check the presence of protein. Since the enzyme is the only protein available in the media it is a confirmatory test used to check the presence of the enzyme. PETase theoretically being an esterase should utilize tributyrin as a substrate. Hence esterase activity was viewed by well diffusion method on tributyrin agar. A colourimetric assay was standardized using p-nitrophenyl acetate to analyze the amount of PETase produced by the organisms. The temperature, pH, shaking and static conditions were standardized and optimum characteristics for the production of the enzyme were determined. The highest producers were given for 16s rRNA sequencing. The weight of the plastic was determined before and after the degradation. The surface of the plastic was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The enzyme was purified and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed. Plasmids were isolated and then transformation was carried out into E. coli DH5a. This analysis is the need of the hour and further the enzyme activity can be studied and the enzymes can be used to treat the plastic filled dump yards.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Scott, G. 1999. Polymers in modern life. In Polymers and the environment. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK.
Sabir, I. 2004. Plastic industry in Pakistan. Available at :
www.jang.com.pk/thenews/investors/nov 2004/index.html.
Literature cited 2: Hayden, K. W., et al. 2013. Plastic degradation and its environmental implications with special reference to polyethylene terephthalate. Polymers. 5:1-18. doi:10.3390/polym5010001.
Karaduman, A., et al. 2002. Pyrolysis of polystyrene plastic wastes with some organic compounds for enhancing styrene yield. J. Energy Sources. 24:667-674.
ID: 65430
Title: Critical Analysis Of Electric Vehicle, Renewable Energy And Environment Policy With Particular Reference To India
Author: Anand Vijay Satpute and E. Vijay Kumar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 979-988 2021.
Subject: Critical Analysis Of Electric Vehicle, Renewable Energy And Environment Policy With Particular Reference To India
Keywords: Energy, Pollution, Environment, Carbon emission, charging, combustion, National measures, Policies, Strategies
Abstract: Energy is need of the hour and its demand is increasing day by day in the world. Emerging economies are demanding more energy for both industrial and financial growth. India with its ever-increasing population and rising electricity demand needs to address this. India’s automotive market is fourth-largest in the world. Rise in alertness about protecting our environment and the support for the cause by all major economies of the world through the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the status of renewable energy has grown since it is free, clean and the most viable energy resource. As per extensive literature review, India is reported and having an enormous perspective as a superpower in terms of solar and wind energy. This paper analyses the role of government initiatives for switching from age-old petrol and diesel vehicles to electric vehicles, growth of sustainable energy and its impact on the environment. Developing countries and economics are demanding more power, putting an extra burden on fossil-based power plants to meet instant energy demand, thus increasing carbon emission.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: GoI. 2019. Energy statistics (26th issue). Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.
GoI. 2018. Energy statistics (25th issue). Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India.
Literature cited 2: GoI. 2013. National Electric Mobility Mission Plan 2020. Department of Heavy Industry Government of India. Available at : www.dhi.nic.in/writere-addata/content/NEMMP 2020.pdf.
Lakshmi, C.S., et al. 2014. Establishing a national in-use vehicle testing programme in India. Shakti Sustainable Energy Foundation.
ID: 65429
Title: Removal Of Cutting Oil From Wastewater Through Novel Adsorbents Developed From Waste Coconut Fibres
Author: Pooja Kakde and Ajay R. Tembhurkar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) Sept. 21 page 972-978 2021.
Subject: Removal Of Cutting Oil From Wastewater Through Novel Adsorbents Developed From Waste Coconut Fibres
Keywords: oily wastewater, Adsorbents, adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics
Abstract: Oil contained wastewater discharged into the environment poses a serious threat. Removal of oil from wastewater is difficult mostly when the oil is present in a stable oil-in-water emulsion. Adsorption has emerged as a cost-effective technique due to the recent trend of developing adsorbents from agro-waste. This research focuses on developing novel adsorbents from waste coconut fibre in untreated raw coconut fibre (UCF), acid-alkali treated coconut fibre (ACF) and carbonized coconut fibre (CCF) form and comparatively evaluate the impact on oil adsorption capacity on these adsorbents developed through chemical and thermal treatment. Batch experiments were conducted to understand the influence of important operation parameter, namely pH (2-10), time of contact (10-150 min), adsorbent dose (0.5-7.5 g/L) and initial oil concentration (100-2000 mg/L). On comparison of equilibrium study, it revealed that thermo-chemically treated fibres (CCF) have higher adsorption capacity (16.22 mg/g) than chemically treated (8.81 mg/g) and raw coconut fibres (6.82 mg/g) and the present adsorption process fits Freundlich isotherm. The kinetic study indicates that it follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model for UCF, ACF and CCF. Thermodynamically the process is endothermic and enthalpy value for CCF is 38.11 KJ/mol, ACF is 17.73 KJ/mol and UCF is 15.5 KJ/mol.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Liu, J., et al. 2018. Superhydrohobic coating on quartz sand filter media for oily wastewater filtration. Colloids Surf. A. Phy. Eng. Aspects. 553:509-514.
Belka-cema, M., et al. 1995. New results in metal working wastewater treatment using membrane technology. J. Membr. Sci., 106(31):195-205.
Literature cited 2: Hilal, N., et al. 2004. The use of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes in the treatment of metal-working fluids. Desalination. 167:227-238.
Rios, G., C. Pazos and J.C. Prados. 1998. Destabilization of cutting oil emulsions using inorganic salts as coagulants. Colloids Surf. A., 138(2):383-389.
ID: 65428
Title: Pan Evaporation Modelling With Artificial Neural Network And Multivariate Non-Linear Regression Compared To Empirical Methods Under An Arid Environment
Author: Azel Almutairi and Mohammad Alshawaf
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (9) September. 21 page 963-971 2021.
Subject: Pan Evaporation Modelling With Artificial Neural Network And Multivariate Non-Linear Regression Compared To Empirical Methods Under An Arid Environment
Keywords: pan evaporation, artificial neural network, climate change, environmental modelling, water resour-ces
Abstract: Evaporation, as a key process in the earth’s ecosystems, is a key factor in water resources and hydrometeorological research. Avoiding the expensive evaporation prediction methods, the pan evaporation technique is one of the most widely used and accepted methods. In this study, a multilayer neural network tool (ANN) and a multivariate non-linear regression technique (MNLR) are utilized to estimate the daily and monthly pan evaporation in the arid environment of Kuwait. Estimation results are compared to two empirical methods, the Cuenca and Christiansen models, employing the so-called combination method FAO-56 PM for the same raw data and input variables, daily average air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and solar radiation. Cross-validation, 10-folds for the daily time scale and 5-folds for the monthly time scale, procedures are implemented to examine the model’s reliability and consistency. Evaluation metrics, like RMSE, R, MAE and NSE are applied to assess model performance. In general, it is demonstrated that the ANN model outperforms the MNLR model, however, the standard deviation among the cross-validated k-folds of the MNLR is lower than that of the ANN model. The monthly performance outperformed the daily output by achieving better statistical indicators with R=0.9084, 0.9092, 0.8961 and 0.9002 than the daily ANN, monthly ANN, daily MNLR and monthly MNLR models, respectively.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Warren, M. S., P. Walter. 1943. A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. Bull. Math. Biophys., 5:115-133.
Rosenblatt, F. 1958. The perceptron: A probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain. Psychol. Rev., 65: 386-408.
Literature cited 2: Yi, J. and V. R. Prybutok. 1996. A neural network model forecasting for prediction of daily maximum ozone concentration in an industrialized urban area. Env. Poll., 92: 349-357.
Han, H. and P. Felker. 1997. Estimation of daily soil water evaporation using an artificial neural network. J. Arid Env., 37(2): 251-260
ID: 65427
Title: A Review On Fluoride Concentration In Groundwater From Industrial Cluster – Hard Rock Aquifers Of Tiruppur Taluk
Author: S. Pichaiah
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (8) August. 21 page 953-960 2021.
Subject: A Review On Fluoride Concentration In Groundwater From Industrial Cluster – Hard Rock Aquifers Of Tiruppur Taluk
Keywords: Fluorides, Hard rock, Spatial distribution, Correlation, Tiruppur taluk, Tamil Nadu
Abstract: The intent of the present study is to comprehend the geochemical processes of fluorides in groundwater from Tiruppur taluk of Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Geologically, the region has base rocks of Archaean group of charnockite, hornblende biotite gneiss, pink granite, anorthosite and amphibolites. Outstanding fluorides (F–) in groundwater were observed in semi-arid of hard rock areas. This study result posits the groundwater is characterized by sodium (Na+): bicarbonate (HCO3–) facies. The fluorides of study environ vary from 0.12-2.34 mg/L with an average of 1.2 mg/L. Since the total samples collected 30% of fluoride indicates fluoride concentration surpasses the maximum allowable limit of 1.5 mg/L. This study suggests spatial variation noticed in fluoride substance emerge due to fluoride bearing minerals, grade of weathering of rocks, contact interval of aquifer material with water and the related geochemical process. A correlation attempted has been made between the fluoride concentrations with water type, the relationship of fluoride with HCO3–, fluoride with Na+ and pH (parts of hydrogen) were studied and proves that HCO3– has a better correlation with fluoride than the other parameters. The weathering of rocks causes the release of Na+ and HCO3– ions, which controls the water chemistry by strong acid by intensive ion exchange. Hence this correlation reveals Na+, Cl– (chloride) and Mg2+ (magnesium) ions play a vital role in controlling water chemistry of this area.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Leung, D.C.W. and S.E. Hrudey. 1985. Removal of fluorides from water supplies. Alberta Environment Standards and Approval Divisions. pp 107.
UNICEF. 2008. UNICEF handbook on water quality. United Nations Children’s Fund, New York.
Literature cited 2: Ando, M., et al. 2001. Health effects of the fluoride pollutions caused by coal burning. Sci. Total Env., 271(1-3):107-116.
Teotia, S. P. and M. Teotia. 1984. Endemic fluorosis in India: A challenging national health problem. J. Assoc. Physicians India. 32:347-352.
ID: 65426
Title: Use Of Regression Model For Water Parameter Prediction Of Godwar Region
Author: Sangeeta Parihar, Raina Jadhav, Tarun Gehlot and Krishan Kumar Saini
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (8) August. 21 page 948-952 2021.
Subject: Use Of Regression Model For Water Parameter Prediction Of Godwar Region
Keywords: Biological oxygen demand, Dissolved oxygen, Chemical oxygen demand, pH, Total dissolved solids, Temperature, Linear regression, Multivariate linear regression model
Abstract: Water samples were collected from 20 stations of the Godwar region where human and animal activities were elevated. Multiple samples were analyzed for dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) and temperature (Temp.). The total data points were used to ascertain relationships between the parameters and data were also subjected to statistical analysis. First, a linear regression model was established between DO/BOD, COD/DO, BOD/COD, COD/pH, BOD/pH and DO/pH. A high to moderate correlation coefficient was observed as R2 ranged from 0.889 to 0.034 for these parameters. Then a multivariate linear regression model was setup for BOD and COD as dependent variables and DO, Temp., TDS and pH as four independent variables. The performance of the multivariate linear regression model was justified with statistical variables like average square root error (ASRE) and universal efficiency (UE). The predicted value of BOD and COD by model and regression analysis was in close agreement with their respective measured value. It was found that the pH parameter has more effect on BOD and COD as compared to predicting another parameter. ASRE was 37.8 mg/L for BOD prediction and 79.6 mg/L for COD prediction in a multivariate linear regression model.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Hur, J., et al. 2010. Estimation of biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for combined sewer systems using synchronous fluorescence spectra. Sensors. 10(4): 2460.
Verma, A.K. and T.N. Singh. 2013. Prediction of water quality from simple field parameters. Env. Earth Sci., 69(3): 821-829.
Literature cited 2: El-Korashey. 2009. Using regression analysis to estimate water quality constituents in Bahr El Baqar drain. J. Appl. Sci. Res., 5(8): 1067-1076.
Elmolla, E.S., et al. 2010. The uses of artificial neural network (ANN) for modelling of COD removal from antibiotic aqueous solution by the Fenton process. 179: 127-134.