ID: 65530
Title: Evaluating Concentrations of Major Elements and Heavy Metals in Surface and Groundwater Resources in Reference to the WHO (2011) Drinking Water Quality Guideline at Hitsats and Mayhanse Areas, Tigray, Ethiopia
Author: Zinabu Marsie, Zelealem Haftu, Mekonen Aregai and Muruts Hagaz
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (2) Feb. 22 page 149-157 2022.
Subject: Evaluating Concentrations of Major Elements and Heavy Metals in Surface and Groundwater Resources in Reference to the WHO (2011) Drinking Water Quality Guideline at Hitsats and Mayhanse Areas, Tigray, Ethiopia
Keywords: Major elements, Heavy metals, Surface water, Groundwater, Tigray, Ethiopia
Abstract: In this paper, we assessed the concentrations of major elements and heavy metals for both surface and groundwater resources concerning the WHO (2011) drinking water standard, in Hitsats and Mayhanse areas, in the northwestern Tigray, Ethiopia [1]. A total of 30 water samples were collected for eight major elements and nine heavy metals and were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. As per the analysis of the major elements, the water type of the area was dominated by HCO3-Cl, Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Na-HCO3. The concentrations of the cations were characterized by Ca2+>Mg2+>Na+>K+. The highest concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were observed in the area and it implies that the water was hard in type and the concentration of anions was characterized by HCO–3>NO3>SO42->Cl–. Almost all results of the heavy metals were above the maximum permissible limits except cadmium. The concentration of heavy metals were characterized by Fe>Ni>Cr>Co>Zn>Cu>As>Pb>Cd. Almost all the major elements and heavy metals concentration shows above the internationally recommended maximum admissible limits and their concentration decrease from the surface water to the groundwater. The high concentration of bicarbonate, nitrate, sulphate, iron, nickel and chromium was mainly related to the geogenic sources, the release of toxic materials from the residents and excessive use of chemical fertilizers from the agricultural areas. The study highlights the need to control the anthropogenic activities adequately to minimize the pollution problems and improve heavy metals contamination in the water bodies. The aim of this study was, mainly focused on the evaluation of the concentrations of major elements and heavy metals in surface and groundwater resources as well as to compare the concentration levels with the WHO (2011) drinking water standard. And finally, properly identified the pollution levels of the water resources and suggested ways to elevate the existing water-related problems in the study area.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: WHO. 2011. Guidelines for drinking water quality (4th edn). World Health Organization, Geneva. Khan, S., et al. 2008. Heath risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China. Env. Poll., 152:686-692.
Literature cited 2: Ghaedi, M., et al. 2005. Simultaneous preco-ncentration and determination of copper, nickel, cobalt and lead ions content by fame atomic absorption spectrometry. Fresen. Env. Bull., 14:1158-1165. Ahmed, M.K., et al. 2015. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in tropical fish and shell fish collected from the river Buriganga, Bangladesh. Env. Sci. Poll. Res., 22(20):15880-15890. DOI:10. 1007/s11356-015-4813-Z.


ID: 65529
Title: Halophilic Alkaline Protease Enzyme on Biodegradation of Contaminants in Raw Textile Effluent
Author: A. Yogeeswaran, R. Raja Jeya Sekar, S. Uma Maheswari, S.M. Vijila and T. Vijaya Kumar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (2) Feb. 22 page 142-148 2022.
Subject: The 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Blessing For Planetary Health Amidst Climate Crisis
Keywords: Alkaline protease, Bacillus cereus RRJS2, Textile effluent
Abstract: Textile effluent is composed of pollutants, such as dyes, dissolved solids, suspended solids and toxic materials. If this effluent is discharged without any process of treatment either into the water bodies or into the surface of the land will lead to the alteration of physico-chemical parameters of water and the soil. The present investigation revealed how the alkaline protease enzyme secreted from the halophilic bacterial strain Bacillus cereus RRJS2 was used to reduce the contaminants in textile wastewater. The bacterial strains were optimized at different pH, temperatures, NaCl concentrations and incubation times to produce alkaline protease enzyme. The extracted alkaline protease enzyme was used to treat the raw textile effluent. The physico-chemical parameters of both the raw textile effluent and treated effluent were compared. The results indicated that alkaline protease treated effluent recorded the reduction of physico-chemical parameters, such as pH 9.2%, temperature 4.69%, BOD 43%, COD 44%, TDS 66%, TH 44% and chlorides 46% in 5 days of degradation study. The FTIR analysis of raw and alkaline protease treated textile effluent revealed the disappearance of amine, sulphate and alkene groups of compounds and the appearance of hydroxyl, amine and aromatic groups of compounds. Thus, the alkaline protease showed a promising effect on the degradation of contaminants in the textile effluent.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pearce, C.J., J.R. Llyod and J.T. Guthrie. 2003. Review : The removal of colour from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells. Dyes Pigments. 58:179-196. Schleiphake, K., et al. 2000. Transformation and degradation of the disazo dye Chicago Sky Blue by a purified laccase from Pycnoporous cinnabarinus. Enzyme microbila. Tech., 27:100-107.
Literature cited 2: Verma, P. and D. Madamwar. 2002. Decolo-urization of synthetic textile dyes by lignin peroxidase of Phanecrochaete chrysosporium. Folia Microbiol., 47:283-286. Keharia, H. and D. Madamwar. 2003. Biorem-ediation concepts for treatment of dye containing wastewater : A review. Indian J. Expt. Biol., 41: 1068-1075.


ID: 65528
Title: A New Indicator to Measure the Waste Valourization Potential of Industrial Wastewaters of Chemical Industries
Author: Sandra D’Sa and Debasis Patnaik
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (2) Feb. 22 page 131-141 2022.
Subject: A New Indicator to Measure the Waste Valourization Potential of Industrial Wastewaters of Chemical Industries
Keywords: Industrial water pollution, Chemical oxygen demand, Total dissolved solids, Wastewater characterization, Waste valourization, Waste hierarchy
Abstract: The commonly used combined physico-chemical parameters of industrial wastewaters, like COD, TDS and pH are found insufficient to devise a waste management strategy of recovery, recycle/reuse and even reduce and as a result, is more focused on treatment and disposal. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire and personal interviews of senior representatives of the Indian chemical industry over the period 2015-2018. The data were used to devise a waste valourization potential score based on the level of knowledge of the chemical composition of the wastewater stream. The findings also revealed that there is an association between the waste valourization potential score (WVPS) and the technologies used to manage wastewaters, that are higher up on the waste hierarchy. Segregation of individual wastewater streams and the chemical characterization of the effluent stream becomes the bedrock upon which pollution prevention, abatement and wastewater management solutions can be devised. The study highlights the need for increased knowledge of the chemical composition of wastewaters to ascend the waste hierarchy through clean technologies to reduce water pollution. Based on WVPS, recovery and reuse or sale of valuable raw materials extracted from wastewaters can be valourized.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Voulvoulis, N. 2018. Water reuse from a circular economy perspective and potential risks from an unregulated approach. Curr. Opin. Env. Sci. Health. 2:32–45. Xiao-jun, W., et al. 2012. Catastrophe theory to assess water security and adaptation strategy in the context of environmental change. Mitigation Adaptation Strategies global Change. 19(4): 463–477.
Literature cited 2: Luo,T., R. Young and P. Reig. 2015. Aqueduct projected water stress country rankings. Technical note. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. WWAP. 2015. Water for a sustainable world. The United Nations world water development report. United Nations World Water Assessment Programme, Paris.


ID: 65527
Title: Failure Risk in Refilled Drinking Water Technologies Based on Ultraviolet, Ozonation and Reverse Osmosis
Author: Okik Hendriyanto Cahyonugroho, Ram Babu Pachwarya, Gabriela Veronica, Yayok Suryo Purnomo and Euis Nurul Hidayah
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 124-128 2022.
Subject: Failure Risk in Refilled Drinking Water Technologies Based on Ultraviolet, Ozonation and Reverse Osmosis
Keywords: Refilled drinking water, Failure risk, Risk priority, Ultraviolet, Ozonation, Reverse osmosis
Abstract: Safe drinking water is one of the primary needs of human beings. Alongwith social progress water treatment technologies are also developing rapidly. Due to high population density water sources are getting contaminated through some natural and anthropogenic activities. Now the civic society of urban and rural areas are bound to new use of technology to get safe drinking water. Some people are choosing alternate ways to meet their safe water needs, for example bottled drinking water. Many technologies have been invented to fulfil need for safe drinking water and most of these technologies are based on ultraviolet (UV), ozonation, RO-reverse osmosis principles. However, involvements of risk of failure of above technologies / machines / systems / storage are also a matter of great concern. The aim of this study was to analyse failure risk possibility involved with refilled drinking water (RDW) technologies. We also observed failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) which was defined on the basis of severity, occurrence and detection in terms of risk priority number (RPN). The RDW samples were taken from 25 RDW stores / machines / places / systems, which were based on ultraviolet (UV), ultraviolet-ozonation (UV-Oz) and reverse osmosis (RO) technologies. We have analyzed various factors, such as man, habits, material, method, machine and environment to collect supporting data through observation and failure mode of RDW storage/systems. We have determined RPN on the basis of severity, detection and occurrence factors. We have observed highest RPN scale value for UV and UV-ozone technologies was contact time with water, while the highest RPN scale value for reverse osmosis was cleaning of different filter cartridges and RO membrane. The high value of RPN means high risk involved with the technology and that should be considered for further operation and maintenance.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Laura, C.S., et al. 2012. Relationship between use of water from community scale water treatment refill kiosks and childhood diarrhoea in Jakarta. American J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 87:979-984. Birawida, A.B., M. Selomo and A. Mallongi. 2018. Potential hazards from hygine, sanitation and bacterium of refill drinking water at Barrang Lompo island (water and food safety perspective). IOP Conf. Series: Earth Env. Sci., 157(1).
Literature cited 2: Sari, S.Y.I., et al. 2020. Water quality and factor associated with compliance of drinking water refilling stations as a choice for middle-low urban households in developing countries. J. Water Env. Tech., 18(1):27-36. Uehara, T. and A. Ynacay. 2018. How water bottle refill stations contribute to campus sustainability-A case study in Japan. Sustain., 10(9):3074.


ID: 65526
Title: Microbial Quality Assessment for Selected Districts Household Water Tanks in Babylon City, Iraq
Author: Noor Alaa Abdulhusain
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 119-123 2022.
Subject: Microbial Quality Assessment for Selected Districts Household Water Tanks in Babylon City, Iraq
Keywords: Chemical, Physical, Drinking water quality, Babylon city
Abstract: Healthy drinking water is vital to the well-being of present generations and the future. This research aims to assess household water quality in the city of Babylon. Babylon city was divided into eight districts and from each district 10 water samples were collected. The quality of the drinking water samples varied from place to place. The maximum amounts of dissolved solids (TDS) exceeds the WHO limits (<600 ppm) in two districts but were within Iraqi standards (<1000 ppm). The water quality of the households was within reasonable limits based on the World Health Organization, but the amounts of TDS were fairly high. Hardness for all districts was within the acceptable limits. Finally, it is important that radiological analyzes be conducted in the future to investigate the impact of wars on Iraqi water resources.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Abed, K.F. and S.S. Alwakeel. 2007. Mineral and microbial contents of bottled and tap water in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Middle East J. Sci. Res., 2(3-4): 151-156. Barbooti, M.M., et al. 2010. Evaluation of quality of drinking water from Baghdad, Iraq. Sci. World J., 5(2): 35-46.
Literature cited 2: WHO. 2002. The world health report 2002: Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. World Health Organization, Geneva. Zamxaka, M., G. Pironcheva and N. Muyima. 2004. Microbiological and physico-chemical assessment of the quality of domestic water sources in selected rural communities of the eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Water Sa., 30(3): 333-340.


ID: 65525
Title: Coconut Husk Retting and Associated Pollution Load in Ashtamudi Estuary – A Ramsar Site in Kerala
Author: Divya Ashok and E.V. Ramasamy
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 111-118 2022.
Subject: Coconut Husk Retting and Associated Pollution Load in Ashtamudi Estuary – A Ramsar Site in Kerala
Keywords: Coir retting, Water pollution, Ashtamudi estuary, Pollution load, Wetlands
Abstract: Ashtamudi estuary situated on the southwest coast of India is prone to pollution as a result of various anthropogenic activities. Among these, coir industry plays a major role. This industry cause serious damage to the water environment. The traditional retting practices to extract quality coir fibers releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere as well. Present study focuses on the physico-chemical properties of water samples collected from various retting sites of Ashtamudi estuary. Parameters analyzed include dissolve oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness, polyphenols, etc. High values of BOD, polyphenols and low DO levels depict deterioration of physico-chemical quality of water in retting areas. The findings clearly indicate that coconut husk retting has increased organic pollution load in estuary.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ajit, H. 2007. Closed retting for coir extraction with biogas recovery. Indian Coconut J., 38(5): 7-8. Kokkal, K., P. Harinarayanan and K.K. Sabu. 2007. Wetlands of Kerala. Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference. pp 1889-1893.
Literature cited 2: Neena, C., P.S. Ambily and M.S. Jisha. 2007. Anaerobic degradation of coconut husk leachate using UASB-reactor. J. Env. Biol., 28: 611-615. Nandan, S.B. 2003. Coconut husk retting and its impact in the Vembanad wetland. Regional Seminar on Ramsar sites of Kerala. Proceedings, pp 38-39.


ID: 65524
Title: Implementation of Environment Management System in Manufacturing Industry: Investigating the Challenges and Mechanism to Address Challenges
Author: Veera Kumar Mohan and Gabriel Tonga Noweg
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 102-110 2022.
Subject: Implementation of Environment Management System in Manufacturing Industry: Investigating the Challenges and Mechanism to Address Challenges
Keywords: Environmental management system, Environment, Manufacturing industries, Operations, Organizations
Abstract: An environmental management system (EMS) is considered a systematic approach, that is taken by the organization to manage all the issues related to the environment. It includes measuring the performance and taking appropriate action that automatically enhances the value of an organization and is beneficial for both organization and environment. Abu Dhabi is under stress because of rapid urbanization, that is related to land reclamation and construction breakwater. There are several manufacturing units and their activities in Abu Dhabi, UAE that have affected the environment adversely by reducing the quality of air and water and productivity of the ecosystem. As a result, the EMS helps to preserve national resources, such as oil, water to maximize productivity and reduce waste of most resources. Therefore, the present study aims to propose the measures/structure to overcome the challenges of the effective implementation of environmental management system (EMS) by the manufacturing industries in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE. The factors leading towards the adoption of EMS within the manufacturing industries in UAE and evaluating the current status in the implementation of EMS by such manufacturing industries in UAE has been determined. In order to reach this objective, a quantitative research method has been followed that uses 4–point Likert scale based close-ended questionnaires as primary data and journals, articles, books, etc., has been used as secondary data. Simple random sampling method has been used and the questionnaire has been distributed among 475 individuals with different levels, such as management staff and operational staff from the different manufacturing industries in Abu Dhabi, UAE. SPSS analysis has been used for data analysis tools involving Chi-square tests. The results and findings have been illustrated as per the data analyzed in the study. Also, the limitations and conclusions have been represented for the given research.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Raouf, M.A. 2008. Climate change threats, opportunities and the GCC countries. Middle East Institute Policy Brief. 12: 1-17. Kazim, A.M. 2007. Assessments of primary energy consumption and its environmental consequences in the United Arab Emirates. Renew. Sustain. Energy Reviews. 11(3): 426-446.
Literature cited 2: Khondaker, A.N., et al. 2016. Greenhouse gas emissions from energy sector in the United Arab Emirates– An overview. Renew. Sustain. Energy Reviews. 59: 1317-1325. Burger, J. 2008. Environmental management: Integrating ecological evaluation, remediation, restoration, natural resource damage assessment and long-term stewardship on contaminated lands. Sci. Total Env., 400(1-3): 6-19.


ID: 65523
Title: Decolonization of Dispersed Red 17 from Aqueous Solution by Fenton Process
Author: Zainab Bahaa Mohammed, Ataallah Barjes Dakheel, Arwa Soud Alwan, Ali Sadiq Resheq, Ahmed Abdul Abbas Abdul Sultan and Waleed M. Sh. Alabdraba
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 97-101 2022.
Subject: Decolonization of Dispersed Red 17 from Aqueous Solution by Fenton Process
Keywords: Fenton, Disperse Red 17, Colour removal
Abstract: The treatment of textile industrial wastewater using advanced oxidation process is studied by this work in decolourization of Disperse Red 17. The oxidized materials used were hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (in the range of 17, 51, 102 and 170 mg/L) and ferrous ions (Fe2+) (in the range of 22.5, 56, 94 and 130 mg/L). A 100 mg/L of Disperse Red 17 dye was used. The reaction was performed in the presence of UV radiation (20 and 40 watts) and without radiation. The study included the effects of peroxide and ferrous concentrations in addition of study of reaction time, mixing rate on the efficiency of contaminants removal, alongwith other conditions, like temperature and pH were considered on their ideal cases for each process. The results show maximum removal efficiency (95.7%) was observed at concentration of 170 mg/L of hydrogen peroxide with agitation speed of 300 rpm in absence of UV radiation whereas maximum removal of 98% using ferrous ions and ultraviolet rays of 40 watts, at time of 60 min and agitation speed of 200 rpm was observed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Wu, L., et al. 2019. Degradation of Methylene Blue via dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment. Water. 11:1818. Angelakis, A. and S. Snyder. 2015. Wastewater treatment and reuse: Past, present and future. Water. 7: 4887-4895.
Literature cited 2: Telegin, F.Y., et al. 2016. Structure and properties of dyes in colouration of textiles: Application of fragment approach. Key Eng. Mater., 703:261-266. El-Wakiel, N.A., H.F. Rizk and S.A. Ibrahim. 2017. Synthesis and characterization of metal complexes of azo dye based on 5-nitro-8-hydroxyquinoline and their applications in dyeing polyester fabrics. Appl. Organomet. Chem., 31(10).


ID: 65522
Title: Solid Waste Management and Contribution of Swachh Bharat Mission in Shimla
Author: R. Tanwar, P.R. Kaushik and S. Herat
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 88-96 2022.
Subject: Solid Waste Management and Contribution of Swachh Bharat Mission in Shimla
Keywords: Solid waste, Shimla, Solid waste management, Swachh Bharat mission
Abstract: Mountain regions in developing countries are experiencing problems related to solid waste (SW) production. SW creates problems not only for people living in mountain regions but also for people in lowland regions. The city of Shimla (the capital of British India and now in Himachal Pradesh) in India is located in a mountain region and is dealing with the problems of SW. Solid waste-related problems in Shimla are in an alarming condition for sustainable development and SW management systems. The causes of the production of municipal SW are the growth of the urban sector and the inappropriate management of SW. In this study, the current status of municipal SW and the types and characteristics of SW in Shimla city will be presented and the procedure for managing SW will be discussed. Proper management of SW in Shimla is an essential requirement for preventing damage to the environment and human health. Different management techniques for SW and their financial aspects will be discussed. Various strategies for the planning of solid waste are suggested.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Goel, S. 2008. Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in India a critical review. J. Env. Sci. Eng., 50(4): 319-328. Hoornweg, D. and P. B. Tata. 2012. What a waste – A global review of solid waste management. World Bank, Washington DC.
Literature cited 2: Rajput, R., G. Prasad and A. Chopra. 2009. Scenario of solid waste management in present Indian context. Caspian J. Env. Sci., 7(1): 45-53. Nandan, A., et al. 2017. Recent scenario of solid waste management in India. World Sci. News. 66: 56-74.


ID: 65521
Title: Development and Sensitivity Analysis of Groundwater using Water Quality Index – A Case Study
Author: M. Avinash, I. Sudhakara Rao, S. Raminaidu and H. Ramamohan
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 80-87 2022.
Subject: Development and Sensitivity Analysis of Groundwater using Water Quality Index – A Case Study
Keywords: Groundwater, Water quality parameters, Water quality index, Water quality assessment, GPS receiver
Abstract: Monitoring and managing groundwater quality is of major environmental distress. Inadequate availability of surface water makes people dependent on groundwater to accomplish their needs. Hence, it cannot be optimally used and sustained unless the quality is assessed. Quality assessment, can be done using water quality index (WQI), is a mathematical expression applied to transform large quantity of data into a single number which indicates the level of water quality. The present study is intended to evaluate the quality and suitability of groundwater for potable use during 2019–2020. The study evaluates the physico-chemical parameters, such as EC, TDS, pH, alkalinity, Ca, Fe, NH4, NO2, NO3, Cl and PO4 remained used for the assessment. Geographical coordinates were obtained using GPS receiver for continuous monitoring. The results revealed that the WQI of groundwater at the focused area is 28.84 and stipulates that the water is good for drinking purpose as comes under excellent category. The study delivers comprehensive depiction which is easily interpretable in lieu of the decision makers for better planning and management of water resources along with their development methods are elaborated.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: IS 10500. 2012. Specification for drinking water (second revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. Ramamohan, H., et al. 2016. Assessment and substantiation of groundwater quality to ascertain WQI in some selected areas of northeast coast of Srikakulam district, A.P., India. 6(5): 867-882.
Literature cited 2: Kumar, M. and R. Kumar. 2013. Assessment of physico-chemical properties of groundwater in granite mining area in Goramachia, Jhansi, U.P., India. Int. Res. J. Env. Sci., 2(1): 19-24. Ramamohan, H., I. Sudhakar and S.V.M. Prasad. 2019. Groundwater quality and its role in endemic kidney diseases- A case study at northeast coast (Uddanam) of Srikakulam district. Indian J. Env. Prot., (39)8: 719-727.


ID: 65520
Title: Seismic Protection with Different Isolation Materials
Author: J. Cici Jennifer Raj and M. Vinod Kumar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 71-79 2022
Subject: Seismic Protection with Different Isolation Materials
Keywords: Seismic isolation, Materials, Ancient applications, Recent applications, Reusable, Codes, Cost
Abstract: The concept of seismic isolation is that the structure is protected from seismic forces by which the energy is dissipated away at the base of the structure itself. Different types of locally available materials, for instance, sand, sawdust, talk, wood, coir and other materials are widely in use for the application of seismic isolation since ancient days. Interestingly, these materials are reusable and acquired with less cost and effort. The significant advantage of seismic isolation is that precious lives and property worth millions of dollars are saved. In the present study, different structures/facilities isolated for seismic forces adopting cost-effective materials, such as waste tires and other materials are presented. The historical perspective of the seismic isolation technique is to be studied widely to understand the type of materials used, benefits, drawbacks, cost in modern seismic isolation and for the comparison with the materials adopted by older civilizations. The number of seismically isolated structures worldwide is to be recognized and studied to understand the behaviour of structures with various damping elements during multiple earthquakes with the implementation of different damping elements. For instance, the statistical increase in the number of isolated buildings over years is reviewed to identify if the concept of seismic isolation is adopted enormously or not. Subsequently, the utilization of seismic codes and specifically, seismic isolation codes is to be deliberately viewed for its implementation for the design and application of the seismic isolation elements in the structure.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Durgai, C. 2000. Future trends in earthquake-resistant design of structures. Current Sci., 79(9): 1291-1300. Rai, A.K. and B. Mishra. 2017. A critical review on base isolation techniques for its application as earthquake resistant buildings with particular need adherence in eastern Uttar Pradesh. Int. Res. J. Eng. Tech., 6(2): 234-245.
Literature cited 2: Carpani, B. 2017. Base isolation from a historic perspective. 16th World Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, Chile. 4934: 1-12. Warn, G.P. and K.L. Ryan. 2012. A review of seismic isolation for buildings: Historical development and research needs. Buildings. 2(3): 300-325.


ID: 65519
Title: Screening of Blood Cholinesterase Level in Farmers to Evaluate the Level of Exposure to Pesticide Monocrotophos
Author: N. Ramya, Sathish Shankar Bhat and P.K. Maheshwar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 65-70 2022.
Subject: Screening of Blood Cholinesterase Level in Farmers to Evaluate the Level of Exposure to Pesticide Monocrotophos
Keywords: Monocrotophos, Blood sampling, Acetylcholinesterase, Cholinesterase, Pesticide
Abstract: Farmers handling pesticides without following the instructions or spraying them without any personal protective equipment are more prone to pesticide exposure. Monocrotophos is one of the extensively used as well as highly hazardous organophosphorus insecticides. It is known to inhibit the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, which plays an important role in the hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the cholinergic synapses. This research aims to calculate the cholinesterase level as a biomarker to compare the pesticide exposure level in the blood of farmers and a comparative variation in cholinesterase level before and after six months of pesticide exposure. The results indicated a considerable decrease in the cholinesterase levels in the blood serum of farmers after exposure to monocrotophos insecticide as compared to the non-exposure time. Percentage depression of cholinesterase is found to be high in young spray farmers. Statistical evaluation results (t=33.231) also confirmed depression in the cholinesterase level is highly significant. The p-value for the decrease in cholinesterase was found to be less than α=0.05, that is 0.009<0.05.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Wilson, C. 1999. Cost and policy implications of agricultural pollution with special reference to pesticides. Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Economics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland, UK. Vega, S.S. 1994. Note on the toxicity of pesticides used in tropical crops. Ciencias Ambientales. 11: 181.
Literature cited 2: Moreno-Banda, et al. 2009. Maternal exposure to floricultural work during pregnancy, PON1 Q192R polymorphisms and the risk of low birth weight. Sci. Total Env., 407(21): 5478-5485. Pilkington, A., et al. 2001. An epidemiological study of the relations between exposure to organophosphate pesticides and indices of chronic peripheral neuropathy and neuropsychological abnormalities in sheep farmers and dippers. Occup. Env. Med., 58(11): 702-710.


ID: 65518
Title: An Economic Analysis of Household Energy Consumption in India
Author: K.S. Shoba Jasmin
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 59-64 2022.
Subject: An Economic Analysis of Household Energy Consumption in India
Keywords: Energy, Household consumption, Electricity, Fuel, Expenditure on energy
Abstract: Indian per-capita energy consumption is low when it is compared with developed countries. Household energy consumption is often related to development of economy and growth of income in society. Indian households consuming nearly one-fourth of energy consumption at national level. So, consumption pattern of energy in households also noteworthy for taking important policy decisions related to energy sector. In this context, this paper attempted to analyse economics of household energy consumption in India. This paper is based on primary data collected from 325 sample respondents randomly selected from all over India. The primary data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire including questions related to income and size of family, expenditure on electricity and fuel, measures taken to reduce consumption of electricity and fuel, awareness about emissions associated with use of household appliances and their behaviour towards energy consumption. It is concluded that though per-capita energy consumption of Indian households is much lower than developed countries, efforts are taken by people to reduce their consumption of fossil fuel-based energy. The awareness level on associated emissions of household appliances and openness to accept new technological solutions to reduce use of fossil fuel-based energy among public will help India to reduce dependence on fossil fuel-based energy in near future.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ekholm, T., et al. 2010. Determinants of household energy consumption in India. Energy Policy. 38: 5696-5707. Rather, N.U.R. 2018. Introduction to renewable energy technologies in India. Educreation Publishing.
Literature cited 2: Gambhir, A., et al. 2012. Solar rooftop PV in India- Need to prioritize in-situ generation for self-consumption with a net-metering approach. Discussion Paper. pp 1-20. Pachauri, S. 2004. An analysis of cross-sectional variations in total household energy requirements in India using micro survey data. Energy Policy. 32: 1723-1735.


ID: 65517
Title: Study of Agricultural Analysis of Soil using Random Forest Classification in Tirunelveli District
Author: K. Karthigadevi and G. Srinivasagan
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 52-58 2022.
Subject: Study of Agricultural Analysis of Soil using Random Forest Classification in Tirunelveli District
Keywords: Attribute selection, Agriculture, Essential nutrient, Soil fertility, Random forest method
Abstract: In India, there are most of the people get their incomes through agriculture. Plants require various mineral elements for their normal growth and development. The most important elements needed are C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mn, Zn, Mo and Cl. These elements are very essential for plants’ growth. Currently there are lot of mobile applications, software and technologies available in agriculture to get rapid information. But the lack of awareness about these kinds of technologies the farmers suffer a lot and still they are applying traditional methods in agriculture. Nowadays use of natural and chemical fertilizers on crops are the important issues in agriculture. The farmers find it hard to identify the deficiencies in the soil, pH value, EC, soil type and soil texture, choose the correct crops to increase the production. This paper, uses random forest classification algorithm to identify the soil fertility and crop selection in Tirunelveli district. Compared to existing methods, the proposed experimental results show that the random forest classification algorithm for agricultural data analysis produces high accuracy and less processing time.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Navarro, H.H., et al. 2016. A decision support system for managing irrigation in agriculture. Computers Electronics Agric., 124: 121-131. Antonopoulou, E., et al. 2010. Web and mobile technologies in a prototype DSS for major field crops. Computers Electronics Agric., 70: 292-301.
Literature cited 2: Bhargavi, P. and S. Jyothi. 2011. Soil classification using data mining techniques: A comparative study. Int. J. Eng. Trends Tech., 2: 55-58. Veenadhari, S., B. Misra and C.D. Singh. 2011. Data mining techniques for predicting crop productivity – A review article. Int. J. Computer Sci. Tech., 2(1): 98-100.


ID: 65516
Title: Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution by Batch Adsorption onto Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles
Author: Mohammed Habeeb Ahmed, Vitthal Metangale, Geethalakshmi Ramakrishnan, Renganathan Sahadevan and Sangeetha Subramanian
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (1) Jan. 22 page 45-51 2022.
Subject: Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution by Batch Adsorption onto Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles
Keywords: Phosphate, Manganese oxide nanoparticles, Freundlich isotherm model, Pseudo-second order kinetic model, Thermodynamics study
Abstract: Increased industrial and human activities lead to release of pollutants in a hasty manner. Phosphate is one of the extensively released pollutants causing severe damage to water ecosystem. Current study is focused on the removal of phosphate by manganese oxide nanoparticles. Process influential parameters, like pH, concentration of phosphate, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and temperature were optimized to enhance the process. Optimal phosphate removal upto 76% was achieved at pH 4 with phosphate concentration of 50 ppm within 30 min of contact time (adsorbent dosage- 1 g/L). Adsorption kinetics and isotherms studies were established. Pseudo-second order kinetic model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (R2>0.99) were found to fit very well with adsorption experimental data. Thermodynamics studies revealed that overall reaction was spontaneous and exothermic in nature.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Barca, C., et al. 2012. Phosphate removal from synthetic and real wastewater using steel slags produced in Europe. Water Res., 46(7): 2376-2384. Fadiran, A.O., S.C. Dlamini and A. Mavuso. 2008. A comparative study of the phosphate levels in some surface and groundwater bodies of Swaziland. Bulletin Chem. Soc. Ethiopia. 22(2):197-206.
Literature cited 2: Bennett, E.M., S.R. Carpenter and N.F. Caraco. 2001. Human impact on erodable phosphorus and eutrophication: A global perspective: Increasing accumulation of phosphorus in soil threatens rivers, lakes and coastal oceans with eutrophication. BioSci., 51(3): 227-234. Bouwman, A.F., A.H. Beusen and G. Billen. 2009. Human alteration of the global nitrogen and phosphorus soil balances for the period 1970-2050. Global Biogeochem. Cycles. 23(4).