Enter records

ID: 65839
Title: Hydrological applications of EOS-04 synthetic aperture radar
Author: Praveen K. Gupta, Praveen K. Thakur , Shard Chander , Vaibhav Garg , Nimisha Singh , Ashwin Gujrati and Sandip R. Oza
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1069-1076 10 May (2024)
Subject: Hydrological applications of EOS-04 synthetic aperture radar
Keywords: Bathymetry, EOS-04, flood, hydrology, synthetic aperture radar, water level
Abstract: Synthetic aperture radars (SARs) have enabled all weather sensing of land surfaces, which has significantly benefitted surface hydrology. In this article, we explore various hydrological applications enabled by Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO’s) recently launched Earth observation satellite-04 (EOS-04) C-band SAR satellite. We present the preliminary results of EOS-04 driven flood inundation mapping, monitoring of water bodies and study of river dynamics. Novel application of EOS-04 SAR data in estimation of sedimentation rate is presented for Jayakwadi reservoir, Maharashtra, India. Additionally, this article explores the integrated use of SAR and altimeter data for estimation of lake and reservoir water level and volume. We have used multidate observations from EOS-04 SAR and Sentinel-3A/ 3B altimeters to derive river width and estimate area– water level hypsometric curves for reservoirs. Long-term and near real-time availability of EOS-04 data can provide an indispensable tool for monitoring water bodies and extreme events like floods, at regional scales
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Aggarwal, S. P., Thakur, P. K. and Dadhwal, V. K., Remote sensing and GIS applications in flood management. J. Hydrol. Res. Dev., 2009, 24, 145–158. Moreira, A., Prats-Iraola, P., Younis, M., Krieger, G., Hajnsek, I. and Papathanassiou, K. P., A tutorial on synthetic aperture radar. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sensing Mag., 2013, 1(1), 6–43.
Literature cited 2: Ulaby, F. T., Batlivala, P. P. and Dobson, M. C., Microwave backscatter dependence on surface roughness, soil moisture and soil texture, Part-I: Bare soil. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., 1978, GE-16, 286–295. Birkett, C. M., Mertes, L. A. K., Dunne, T., Costa, M. H. and Jasinski, M. J., Surface water dynamics in the Amazon Basin: application of satellite radar altimetry. In 2nd International LBA Scientific Conference, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 2002, pp. 7–10

ID: 65838
Title: Operational 500 m surface soil moisture product using EOS-04 C-band SAR over Indian agricultural croplands
Author: Dharmendra Kumar Pandey, Prashant Kumar Srivastava , Rucha Dave , Raj K. Setia , Ompal , Rajiv Sinha , Muddu Sekhar , Manish Parmar , Shubham Gupta , Deepak Putrevu , Raghav Mehra , V. Ramanujam , Bimal Kumar Bhattacharya and Raj
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1061-1068 10 May (2024)
Subject: Operational 500 m surface soil moisture product using EOS-04 C-band SAR over Indian agricultural croplands
Keywords: Active-passive, agricultural applications, EOS-04 SAR, soil moisture active and passive, surface soil moisture
Abstract: Surface soil moisture (SSM) at high spatial resolution is an essential land parameter for agricultural applications like irrigation mapping, scheduling, crop water stress assessment, etc. However, available satellite derived soil moisture products are inadequate for meeting the requirements of agricultural applications due to coarse scale soil moisture (~10–40 km). In this article, we developed an operational framework for first of its kind sub-km (~500 m) operational soil moisture product over India by utilizing ISRO’s EOS-04 C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data based on active-passive approach. The potential of EOS-04 SAR for sub-km scale is demonstrated and tested over major cropland sites covering highly heterogeneous and dynamic crop conditions in different agro-climatic regions over India which shows a good agreement with in situ datasets with mean ubRMSE, ranging from 0.051 to 0.078 m3 /m3 .
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Das, N. N. et al., The SMAP mission combined active-passive soil moisture product at 9 km and 3 km spatial resolutions. Remote Sensing Environ., 2018, 211, 204–217. Gupta, D. K., Srivastava, P. K., Pandey, D. K., Chaudhary, S. K., Prasad, R. and O’Neill, P. E., Passive only microwave soil moisture retrieval in Indian cropping conditions: model parameterization and validation. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2022, 61, 1–12.
Literature cited 2: Sharma, J., Prasad, R., Srivastava, P. K., Singh, S. K., Yadav, S. A. and Yadav, V. P., Roughness characterization and disaggregation of coarse resolution SMAP soil moisture using single-channel algorithm. J. Appl. Remote Sensing, 2021, 15(1), 01451–014514. Sharma, J., Prasad, R., Srivastava, P. K., Yadav, S. A. and Yadav, V. P., Improving spatial representation of soil moisture through different downscaling approaches. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2022

ID: 65837
Title: Inventory and mapping of kharif crops using machine learning with EOS-04 time-series SAR data
Author: Bimal K. Bhattacharya, V. M. Chowdary , Ayan Das, Mukesh Kumar , Srikanth Poloju , Mamta Kumari , Abhishek Chakraborty , Dipanwita Haldar and Saroj Maity
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1050-1060 10 May (2024)
Subject: Inventory and mapping of kharif crops using machine learning with EOS-04 time-series SAR data
Keywords: C-band SAR, crop discrimination, EOS-04, kharif season, random forest.
Abstract: Efficient discrimination of diverse kharif crops, remains crucial for crop monitoring and production forecasting, and plays a pivotal role in decision-making for food security in India. This study aims to harness temporal backscatter data from EOS-04 C-band synthetic aperture data (SAR) payload to achieve precise discrimination among six short-duration (cereal, oilseeds, fibre) and long-duration (fibre, pulses) kharif crops. The study integrates limited ground-truth polygons and a Random Forest machine learning approach for analysing EOS-04 time-series data. The classification accuracies were found to be higher than 75% across all kharif crops, with cereals exhibiting the highest accuracy, succeeded by fibre, oilseed and pulse crops. A key focus lies in identifying optimal polarization combinations for effective discrimination among diverse kharif crop types. The study reveals that the synergistic utilization of dual polarizations outperforms individual co- or cross-polarizations, notably benefiting discrimination of cotton, soybean and groundnut crops. Horizontal–vertical polarizations are found to be most effective for achieving peak accuracies in rice and red gram crops. Furthermore, the analysis indicates a promising potential for early crop assessment, presenting an opportunity to furnish precise crop estimates at least one and a half months before the harvest.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Anon., Report of the expert committee on agricultural statistics, chaired by A. Vaidyanathan, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India, February 2011. Parihar, J. S. and Oza, M. P., FASAL: an integrated approach for crop assessment and production forecasting. In Agriculture and Hydrology Applications of Remote Sensing, SPIE, 2006, vol. 6411, pp. 641101–641113
Literature cited 2: Lee, J. S., Grunes, M. R. and Pottier, E., Quantitative comparison of classification capability: fully polarimetric versus dual and single polarization SAR. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2001, 39(11), 2343–2351. Skriver, H., Crop classification by multitemporal C-and L-band single-and dual-polarization and fully polarimetric SAR. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2011, 50(6), 2138–2149

ID: 65836
Title: MIDAS: a software for radiometric and polarimetric processing of EOS-04 SAR data
Author: Deepak Putrevu, Tarun Maganti, Tathagata Chakraborty, Mukesh Kumar, C. Sanid, Pragya Arora and Raghav Mehra
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1041-1049 10 May (2024)
Subject: MIDAS: a software for radiometric and polarimetric processing of EOS-04 SAR data
Keywords: Backscatter, EOS-04 (RISAT-1A), MIDAS, polarimetry
Abstract: Earth observation satellite-04 or EOS-04 (Radar imaging satellite-1A or RISAT-1A) provides the opportunity for characterization of surface features using C-band fully-polarimetric, hybrid-polarimetric and dual-polarimetric radar data from same platform in high to moderate resolution (2–50 m depending on mode) and varied incidence angle (12°–55°). These unique EOS-04 radar datasets can be processed using Microwave Data Analysis Software (MIDAS) tool, to derive radar polarimetric parameters. MIDAS is capable of carrying out synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data processing comprising radiometric and majority of the polarimetric processing of EOS-04 datasets. In addition, MIDAS has the functionality to orthorectify and geocode EOS-04 polarimetric products, which is missing in other softwares. Further, MIDAS contains module for bulk-processing of timeseries EOS-04 products. We showcase results obtained from EOS-04 datasets and describe the scattering behaviour of various targets. Further, we also demonstrate the temporal variation in the backscatter values from different target features obtained from EOS-04 time-series stack, which has strong applicability in land use/land cover and agricultural applications. Thus, the radiometric and polarimetric products can be highly beneficial for characterization of physical properties of the scatterers based on their radar scattering behaviour and further classification of the surface features.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Raney, R. K., Cahill, J. T. S., Patterson, G. W. and Bussey, D. B. J., The m-chi decomposition of hybrid dual-polarimetric radar data with application to lunar craters. J. Geophys. Res., 2012, 117, E00H21; doi:10.1029/2011JE003986. Raney, R. K., Hybrid-polarity SAR architecture. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2007, 45(11), 3397–3404; 10.1109/TGRS.2007. 895883.
Literature cited 2: Charbonneau, F. J. et al., Compact polarimetry overview and applications assessment. Can. J. Remote Sensing, 2010, 36(Suppl. 2), S298–S315. Lee, J. S. and Pottier, E., Polarimetric Radar Imaging: From Basics to Applications, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2009, vol. 49, pp. 66–68; 247–249; ISBN 978-1-4200-5497-2.

ID: 65835
Title: Assessment of EOS-04 (RISAT-1A) data calibration
Author: Shweta Sharma, Saurabh Tripathi , B. Sowkhya , Pragya Arora , Shivani Tyagi , C. Sanid , Ritesh Agrawal , K. N. Babu , Raghav Mehra , V. M. Ramanujam , P. V. Jayasri , Ameya A. Kesarkar , Maneesha Gupta , Kalpesh Kumar Borsadiya
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1033-1040 10 May (2024)
Subject: Assessment of EOS-04 (RISAT-1A) data calibration
Keywords: Cross talk, EOS-04, geometric calibration, polarimetric calibration, radiometric calibration.
Abstract: Radar imaging SATellite (RISAT-1A), also known as Earth observation satellite-04 (EOS-04), is a follow-on mission of India’s first indigenously developed spaceborne C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) on-board RISAT-1 satellite. This article provides a description of the post-launch calibration and data quality evaluation of EOS-04 launched on 14 February 2022. Calibration devices (corner reflectors) of different shapes and sizes were deployed at Ahmedabad and Amrapur calibration sites in Gujarat, India from 2 to 24 April 2022, and their response in the EOS-04 data was used to assess the radiometric and polarimetric calibration. The results of the analysis showed satisfactory radiometric and polarimetric data quality. Geolocation accuracy was assessed using the ground-surveyed position of the corner reflectors and was found to be in accordance with the specified values of less than 50 m.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: EOS-04 SAR payload preliminary design review vol. 2. SAC Report No. SAC/MRSA/EOS-04/PDR/01/2017, March 2017. The India Boundary Shape File; https://onlinemaps.surveyofindia.gov.in/Product_Specification.aspx (accessed on 12 February 2024).
Literature cited 2: Gray, A. L., Vachon, P. W., Livingstone, C. E. and Lukowski, T. I., synthetic aperture radar calibration using reference reflectors. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 1990, 28(3), 374–383; doi:10. 1109/36.54363. Zénere, M. P., SAR image quality assessment, 2012; http://aulavirtual.ig.conae.gov.ar/moodle/pluginfile.php/513/mod_page/content/ 78/MirkoPanozzoZenere.pdf (accessed on 12 January 2024)

ID: 65834
Title: Advances in EOS-04 SAR data processing: polarimetry, repeat-pass interferometry and analysis-ready data products
Author: V. Manavala Ramanujam, Krishna Murari Agrawal*, Raghav Mehra, Qamer Saquib, Pragya Arora, Shubham Gupta, Parikshit Parashar, Wasim Akram and Anjali Garg
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1024-1032 10 May (2024)
Subject: Advances in EOS-04 SAR data processing: polarimetry, repeat-pass interferometry and analysis-ready data products
Keywords: ARD, data processing, EOS-04, interferometry, polarimetry.
Abstract: EOS-04 (Earth Observation Satellite-04), launched on 14 February 2022, is a follow-on mission to Indian Space Research Organisation’s first synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite RISAT-1. It is capable of imaging in either side of the track with incidence angle range from 12.2° to 55.1°. Onboard SAR system supports variety of resolution and swath requirements and can operate in various modes like StripMap, ScanSAR and Sliding Spotlight modes with various polarization combinations like linear, hybrid and full/quad polarimetry. EOS-04 is the first spaceborne SAR mission worldwide supporting full-polarimetry (FP) data acquisitions in ScanSAR modes. Availability of FP datasets in wide swath modes (ScanSAR modes) is a big step towards scientific analysis for various applications in a timebound manner. For enabling interferometric processing, EOS-04 orbits are being maintained within the baseline requirements of 500 m. EOS-04 has 17 days repetivity resulting in less temporal decorrelation to use the datasets for various deformation studies. In addition to this, analysis ready data (ARD) product, normalized radar backscatter (NRB) Gamma0 product, are introduced to minimize the user efforts for any immediate analysis. In NRB Gamma0 products, terrain induced variations particularly on hill-slopes affecting the brightness of the radar return is normalized by applying radiometric terrain correction (RTC) on SAR images. This paper discusses about the data processing aspects related to calibration, polarimetry, interferometry and NRB Gamma0 product generation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Misra, T. et al., Synthetic aperture radar payload on-board RISAT1: configuration, technology and performance. Curr. Sci., 2013, 104(4), 446–461. https://bhoonidhi.nrsc.gov.in/bhoonidhi_resources/help/docs/E04_ BROUCHER.pdf
Literature cited 2: Raney, R. K., Hybrid-polarity SAR architecture. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, 2007, 45(11), 3397–3404. Sentinel-1 Product Definition. Document number: S1-RS-MDA52-7440, Issue/rev

ID: 65833
Title: Advancements in system configuration, realization and characterization of EOS-04 SAR over its predecessor RISAT-1
Author: Ch. V. N. Rao, Jolly Dhar, Partha Sarathi Nandy, Arup Hait, Sanjeev Kulshrestha, Vinay Kumar, Piyush Sinha, Nikhil Desai, Swati Shukla, Ravi Khatri, Nidhi Singh, Devendra Sharma, Rinku Agrawal, Madhav Das and Ajay Kumar Singh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1011-1018 10 May (2024)
Subject: Advancements in system configuration, realization and characterization of EOS-04 SAR over its predecessor RISAT-1
Keywords: CATF, EOS-04, full-polarization imaging, HRS, LTCC, NESO, RISAT-1, SAR, ScanSAR, Stripmap, TRiM.
Abstract: The C-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload of Earth Observation Satellite (EOS-04), is a follow-on mission of Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1). Though the overall configuration of the C-Band SAR payload has been retained from its predecessor, EOS-04 boasts of incorporating features, which target to keep up with the technological strides, and to improve the data quality. All the major modes of RISAT-1 are retained in EOS04 whereas fine resolution stripmap-2 mode, which was quad-polarization mode earlier, is upgraded to full-polarization mode. The payload also has better repeat cycle with improved systematic coverage mode. This article covers system level advancements, and radio frequency and digital electronics hardware, implemented in EOS-04. The satellite was launched on 14 February 2022 and since then all the major imaging modes are being operated successfully.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Misra, T. et al., Synthetic aperture radar payload on-board RISAT1: configuration, technology and performance. Curr. Sci., 2013, 104(4), 446–461. Misra, T. et al., Instrument calibration architecture of Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1). Proc. SPIE, 2016, 9881, 98811A-1– 98811A-5
Literature cited 2: Lee, J. S. and Pottier, E., Polarimetric Radar Imaging: from Basics to Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2009, chap. 1, pp. 13–28. Zebker, H. and Van Zyl, J. J., Imaging radar polarimetry: a review. Proc. IEEE, 1991, 79(11), 1583–1606

ID: 65832
Title: Modelling flow through petroleum reservoirs: different from saturated groundwater flow?
Author: Suresh Kumar Govindarajan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1004-1009 10 May (2024)
Subject: Modelling flow through petroleum reservoirs: different from saturated groundwater flow?
Keywords: Darcy’s law, groundwater flow, Navier–Stokes equation, petroleum reservoir, representative elementary volume
Abstract: The present article highlights a few fundamental aspects that need to be considered while characterizing fluid flow through a petroleum reservoir. Darcy’s law, as applied in describing fluid flow through pipes or saturated groundwater aquifers, cannot be directly applied under all circumstances. Darcy’s original version of Darcy’s law carries a simple algebraic equation relating linear Darcy flux with the hydraulic gradient. Steady-state Darcy’s law is being applied with lots of assumptions, even when describing saturated groundwater fluid flow. However, fluid flow through a petroleum reservoir involves multi-dimensional, multi-phase and multi-component, compressible fluid flow with inertial effects under non-isothermal conditions. This article highlights first why already established Navier–Stokes Equation cannot be applied to characterize fluid flow through a petroleum reservoir; and then shows why the fundamental principle associated, even with fluid flow through a saturated groundwater aquifer, cannot be applied directly to characterize the flow through a petroleum reservoir. Finally, the article presents critical limitations associated with mass conservation equation, momentum conservation equation and fluid flow equation used to characterize flow through petroleum reservoirs.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bear, J., Dynamics of Fluids in Porous Media, American Elsevier, New York, USA, 1972, p. 764. Darcy, H., Determination of the laws of flow of water through sand (in French). In Les Fontaines Publiquesd e la Ville de Dijon, Victor Dalmont, Paris, 1856, pp. 590–594
Literature cited 2: Muskat, M. and Meres, M. W., The flow of heterogeneous fluids through porous media. J. Appl. Phys., 1936, 7, 346. Hubbert, M. K., The theory of groundwater motion. J. Geol., 1940, 48, 785–822.

ID: 65831
Title: Food and nutritional security in the modern era: millets vis-à-vis maize
Author: Preeti Sharma, Kiran, Kuldeep, M. C. Kamboj, Ramesh Kumar and G. K. Chikkappa
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1002-1003 10 May (2024)
Subject: Food and nutritional security in the modern era: millets vis-à-vis maize
Keywords: None
Abstract: Maize is widely accepted as food, feed and fodder crop worldwide. It is the staple food in several Latin America and African countries, including several parts of Asia, and provides sustenance to millions. Maize is the principal energy source in poultry diets across the globe, including India, because of its high-energy value, palatability, presence of pigments and essential fatty acids. In a nutshell, it is the only cereal crop used for both human nutrition and livestock feed1 . It is not just any ordinary cereal but a nutri-cereal – a term used to describe cereals that are rich in nutrients and have numerous health benefits2 . Further, it is the only cereal of many types (field corn, quality protein maize (QPM), baby corn, sweet corn, popcorn, waxy corn and few others). It serves several purposes, namely, to meet the nutritional requirements of humans as food, livestock and cattle as feed and raw material for numerous industries.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Singh, N., Sharma, P. and Kamboj, M. C., Int. J. Pure Appl. Biosci., 2017, 5(6), 1616–1623. Kaul, J., Jain, K. and Olakh, D., Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. Appl. Sci., 2019, 8(2), 3037–3048; doi:https://doi.org/10.20546/ ijcmas.2019.802.356.
Literature cited 2: Neeraja, C. N. et al., Curr. Sci., 2017, 113(6), 1050–1057. Fakhrul Islam, S. M. and Karim, Z., World’s Demand for Food and Water. The Consequence of Climate Change. Desalination – Challenges and Opportunities, 2019; doi:10.57772/intechopen.85919.

ID: 65830
Title: India’s Ayush systems need peer-reviewed journals for the dissemination of research findings and evidence synthesis
Author: Sendhilkumar Muthappan, Malathi Mathiyazhakan and Manickam Ponnaiah
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 1000-1001 10 May (2024)
Subject: India’s Ayush systems need peer-reviewed journals for the dissemination of research findings and evidence synthesis
Keywords: None
Abstract: Traditional Medicine (TM) is an indispensable part of the health systems in many countries. Globally, around 80% of the world’s population and 170 World Health Organization (WHO) member states have reported using TM . Although TM has been practiced worldwide for centuries, its potential is limited by insufficient evidence supporting its efficacy and effectiveness . In India, traditional medicine is collectively called as Ayush systems of medicine, comprising six recognized systems – Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Sowa-Sigpa, and Homoeopathy . The Ministry of Ayush (MoA) was established to develop the Ayush systems of medicine in India. Under MoA, there are 12 national Ayush institutes, research councils, 780 Ayush educational institutes, 3,859 Ayush hospitals and 0.7 million practitioners registered in the respective councils.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: WHO; https://www.who.int/news/item/25- 03-2022-who-establishes-the-global-centre for-traditional-medicine-in-India (accessed on 28 April 2022). WHO; https://www.who.int/health-topics/ traditional-complementary-and-integrative medicine (accessed on 28 April 2022).
Literature cited 2: Ministry of Ayush, GoI; https://main. ayush.gov.in/ayush-systems/ (accessed on 22 April 2023). Ministry of Ayush, GoI; https://main. ayush.gov.in/infrastructure/ (accessed on 28 April 2022).

ID: 65829
Title: Veer Gaurav: buffalo male calf produced using OPU-IVEP technology and semen of cloned bull
Author: A. Jerome, R. K. Sharma, P. S. Yadav, D. Kumar, M. Punetha, Rajesh Kumar, Rupali Rautela, S. Gorani and S. S. Layek
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 999-999 10 May (2024)
Subject: Veer Gaurav: buffalo male calf produced using OPU-IVEP technology and semen of cloned bull
Keywords: None
Abstract: Buffalo is India’s primary dairy animal. It serves an essential role in the agricultural economy due to its adaptation to hard climatic conditions, resistance to tropical diseases, and survival under inadequate feeding and management practices. In 2022–23, India produced 230.58 million tonnes of milk, of which 44.18% (101.87 million tonnes) was contributed by buffaloes1 . Indigenous buffalo breeds such as Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Jaffarabadi, Bhadawari, Surti and other breeds play a significant role in Indian dairy growth. The milk obtained from bovine species (cattle and buffalo) has enabled India to become the world’s largest milk-producing nation. However, the low productivity of indigenous buffalo species (~6 kg per day) is a challenge for sustainable milk production and food security under changing climatic conditions. To upgrade the genetic potential of low-producing animals, the Government of India has proposed using assisted reproductive technologies to produce elite bovine germplasm.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries (DADF) of India, 2023; http:// dahd.nic.in.
Literature cited 2: National Dairy Plan, DADF of India; http://dahd.nic.in

ID: 65828
Title: Current Science Reports
Author: Ravindra Jadav, Tahera Arjumand, Sheikh Aneaus, Sileesh Mullasseri, Aradhana Hans and Atig Udham
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 992-995 10 May (2024)
Subject: Current Science Reports
Keywords: None
Abstract: A rise in upper ocean temperature in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean signals El Niño. The annual thermal event influences the Walker circulation and disrupts weather patterns worldwide, impacting agriculture, fisheries and even causing disease outbreaks. There is a delay of about one and a half months in predicting El Niño based on the temperature of the surface of the sea. The changes in circulation cause upwelling and influence the nutrient supply to the uppermost layer of the sea that receives sunlight. This leads to changes in the phytoplanktons, tiny plants forming the base of the marine food chain. Since the phytoplanktons contain chlorophyll-a, their growth can be detected easily by satellite imagery. Could a drop in chlorophyll concentration during the spring bloom in the central Pacific predict the coming of El Niño events?
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:

ID: 65827
Title: Prospects of millets in medicinal and aromatic plants and food security
Author: K. M. Prakhyath G. S. Sathisha N. D. Yogendra
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (9) 989-989 10 May (2024)
Subject: Prospects of millets in medicinal and aromatic plants and food security
Keywords: None
Abstract: India’s global hunger index of 2022 is 107 of the 121 countries. On the one hand, it is challenging to end hunger in a population that is constantly expanding; on either side, malnutrition is due to the non-availability of quality nutritious food. Cereal-based products make up the vast bulk of basic diets worldwide. Together, maize, rice and wheat account for 51% of global calorie consumption, and concerning India, rice and wheat are the major staple food among the cereals
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dubey, M., Mishra, A. and Singh, R., J. Water Clim. Change, 2021, 13, 943. Zhang, J. et al., Front. Nutr., 2022, 9, 808301
Literature cited 2: Das, S. et al., Agriculture, 2019, 9, 64. Verma, S., Srivastava, S. and Tiwari, N., J. Food Sci. Tech., 2015, 52, 5147–5155

ID: 65826
Title: On-farm trial of oyster mushroom cultivation: the technology assessment-refinement for sustainable livelihood and strategic out-scaling
Author: Pinaki Roy, Ram Eshwar Prasad, Manohar Panjikar , Sachchidanand Prasad, Shriti Moses , Saloni Chauhan, Kinkar Kumar and Sangeeta Bhattacharyya
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 959-963 25 April (2024)
Subject: On-farm trial of oyster mushroom cultivation: the technology assessment-refinement for sustainable livelihood and strategic out-scaling
Keywords: On-farm trial, oyster mushroom cultivation, technology assessment and refinement, TOWS matrix.
Abstract: Climate change, land fragmentation, coupled with nationwide lockdown during COVID-19, had put the rural people of Bihar in financial distress without any alternative livelihood. In this context, oyster mushroom cultivation was considered to be a viable livelihood option but the existing technology produced less yield with shorter shelf life. Hence an on-farm trial (OFT) was undertook by Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Sitamarhi, Bihar to assess existing technology, refine it as needed and then strategize its out-scaling through TOWS matrix. Out of three substrates (paddy, wheat and paddy + wheat), the mushroom grown on wheat straw substrate performed best. Further, blanching (2% salt + 0.1 citric acid) increased the shelf-life of mushrooms for up to 96 h after harvest fetching highest return.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bhattacharyya, S., Burman, R. R., Padaria, R. N., Paul, S. and Roy, P., Changes in migrant labour policy of India and need of a sustainable rural framework: lessons from the Covid-19 migrant exodus. Agric. Lett., 2021, 2(12), 48–59. Post-Lockdown, Bihar’s Labour Market Needs a Long-Overdue Shot in the Arm; https://thewire.in/labour/bihar-covid-19-labour workers
Literature cited 2: Roy, P., Hansra, B. S., Burman, R. R., Bhattacharyya, S., Roy, T. N. and Ahmed, R., Can farm mechanization enhance small farmers’ income? Lessons from Lower Shivalik Hills of the Indian Himalayan Region. Curr. Sci., 2022, 123, 667–676. Celik, Y. and Peker, K., Benefit/Cost analysis of mushroom production for diversification of income in developing countries. Bulgarian J. Agric. Sci., 2009, 15(3), 228

ID: 65825
Title: Disaggregation of daily rainfall data into hourly rainfall data using statistical methods for stormwater management in urban areas
Author: K. M. Sri Ranga and S. Shyam Prasad
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (8) 951-958 25 April (2024)
Subject: Disaggregation of daily rainfall data into hourly rainfall data using statistical methods for stormwater management in urban areas
Keywords: Antecedent moisture conditions, hydrological model, rainfall data, stormwater infrastructure, urban areas.
Abstract: In the recent past, low-lying areas close to riverbanks and urban agglomerations have witnessed frequent floods due to inadequate mapping of flood zones and rapidly growing impervious areas in cities/towns. This inadequacy is due to the use of design storms for run-off estimates, which do not account accurately for antecedent moisture conditions. Furthermore, when using daily rainfall data, capturing accurate run-off estimates becomes challenging as rainfall characteristics such as duration and intensity are not accounted for. These problems can be addressed with long-term hourly rainfall data. However, most gauging stations in India have long-term daily rainfall data and hourly data for the last few years. There are various global methods to overcome this data limitation by disaggregating daily data into hourly data. However, well-established, peerreviewed research on this process is still in infancy in India. Therefore, a methodology has been developed to disaggregate long-term daily rainfall data into hourly rainfall using statistical and probabilistic principles based on sample hourly data. In this study, the run-off estimates derived from disaggregated data closely match those obtained from actual hourly data with similar characteristics when simulated over the Belagavi city catchment area in Karnataka, India. The methodology developed relies on sample hourly rainfall, making it scalable across various locations. It holds promise for resilient urban stormwater infrastructure planning in the absence of long-term hourly rainfall data
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Udas-Mankikar, S., Inadequate stormwater infrastructure biggest hurdle in urban flood resilience, Observer Research Foundation, 13 August 2020 (Online); https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/ inadequate-storm-water-infrastructure-biggest-hurdle-in-urbanflood-resilience/ (accessed on 30 August 2022). Glasbey, C. A., Cooper, G. and McGechan, M. B., Disaggregation of daily rainfall by conditional simulation from a point-process. J. Hydrol., 1995, 165(1–4), 1–9.
Literature cited 2: Koutsoyiannis, D. and Onof, C., Rainfall disaggregation using adjusting procedures on Poisson cluster model. J. Hydrol., 2001, 246(1–4), 109–122. Socolofsky, S., Adams, E. and Entekhabi, D., Disaggregation of daily rainfall for continuous watershed modeling. J. Hydrol. Eng., 2001, 6(4), 300–309.