ID: 64443
Title: Designing a small private online course on citywide inclusive sanitation
Author: Laura Baquedano, Vasco Schelbert, Fabian Suter, Christoph Luthi
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 50-50 (2021)
Subject: Designing a small private online course on citywide inclusive sanitation
Keywords: Private online course, citywide inclusive sanitation
Abstract: Digital learning formats have gained momentum during the COVID-19 pandemic and the global eLearning market is expected to continue its exponential growth. To meet increased demand, together with the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADB-1), the international training Network of the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology 9ITN-BUET), and the Environment and Public Health Organization (ENPHO), Sandec piloted a Small Private Online Course (SPOC).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Statista, Size of the global e-learning market in 2019 and 2026, by segment, Statist [webpage] (2019)
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1130331/e-learning-market-size-segment-worldwide/(accessed 27 April 2021).
Ruiz-Palmero J. et al., 'The implementation of Small Private Online Courses (SPOC) as a new approach to education, Int J Educ Technol High Educ. 17/27, (2020).
Literature cited 2: Armstrong P., Bloom's Taxonomy, Vanderbilt University Centerfor Teaching [webpage] (2010)
https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/blooms-taxonomy/(accessed 27 April 2021).
ID: 64442
Title: Residual disinfection and cleaned containers keep treated water safe
Author: Kegula Meierhofer, Nicola Gartner, Laura Germann, Kennedy Wanyama, Henry Ouma
Editor: Regula Meierhofer, Nicola Gartner,Laura Germann,Kennedy Wanyama, Henry Ouma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 46-47 (2021)
Subject: Residual disinfection and cleaned containers keep treated water safe
Keywords: Residual disinfection, cleaned containers, Treated water safe
Abstract: Recontamination of treated water during transport and storage is a frequently reported concern. Containers with narrow openings prevent hands from entering the canister and preserved water quality better than containers with large openings. However, narrow openings hinder systematic container cleaning with a brush. Regular use of containers without proper cleaning leads to the formation of a biofilm on the container's inner walls, which harbours and prospects bacterial colonies, thus, increasing the risk of recontamination. Hence, through cleaning of the containers may be a method to eliminate this source of recontamination.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mintz E.D. et al., Safe water Treatment and Storage in the Home: A Practical New Strategy to Prevent Waterborne Disease.JAMA,273/12, (1995) 948-953.
Jagals P. et al., The effect of container-biofilm on the micro-biological quality of water and Health, 1/3 (2003) 101-108.
Literature cited 2: WHO, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, (World Health Organization, 2017).
Gartner N. et al., Keeping water from kiosks clean: Strategies for reducing recontamination during transport and storage in Easter n Uganda, Water Research X, 10, (2021) 100079 (8 pp)
ID: 64441
Title: Investigating packaged drinking water quality in Nairobi, Kenya
Author: Gloria Magut,Zipporah Bukania, Gideon M Kikuvi, Philip Ndemwa, Sara J. Marks
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 40-40 (2021)
Subject: Investigating packaged drinking water quality in Nairobi, Kenya
Keywords: Packaged drinking water quality, Nairobi, Kenya
Abstract: Consumption of packaged water is on the rise globally. In low-and middle-income countries, where urban distribution networks are often unreliable, bottled water use has increased by 174% over the past decade. However, uncertainties persist regarding the safety of packaged drinking water, especially in urban Africa. In 2019, there were about 65 diarrheal cases per 1000 people in Embakasi Central sub-county, the highest rate of dirrheal disease recorded in Nairobi, Kenya. The media attributed the outbreak to pervasive contamination of bottled drinking water. This study aimed to assess the physicochemical and microbial quality of bottled drinking water solid in retail outlets throughout Embakasi Central, Nairobi.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Cohen A. et al., The global risks of increasing reliance on bottled water. Nature sustainability, 1, (2018) 327-329.
Opatunji O.S. et al., Consumption practices and user perception of an emerging alternative drinking water option (sachet water) in Ibadan, Nigeria, (35th WEDC International Conference,2011)
Literature cited 2: KEBS, Packaged Drinking water-Specification, (Nairobi: Kenya Bureau of Standards, 2015)
ID: 64440
Title: Sanitation planning in India
Author: Abhishek S Narayan
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 32-33 (2021)
Subject: Sanitation planning in India
Keywords: Sanitation planning, India
Abstract: Over the past decade, India has witnessed a sanitation revolution; from the progressive National Urban Sanitation Policy (NUSP) to the flagship Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBM) or the Clean India Mision, which made sanitation a political priority. However, the latter focused predominantly on the construction of latrines, leaving the rest of the service chain unattended. Despite the mandate of city sanitation plans in the NUSP, these plans have been mostly viewed as checklist documents.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Kumar A., Beyond toilets and targets: Sanitation mission in India. Dev.Pract.27/3, (2017) 408-413.
Devaraj R. et al., Planning fecal sludge management systems: Challenges observed in a small town in Southern India. J. Environ. Manage, 281, (2021)111811.
Literature cited 2: Reymond P .et al, Governance Arrangement s for the Scaling up of Small-Scale Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Systems-Lessons from India. Front. Enviorn, Sci., 8/72, (2020) 16 pp.
Narayan A.S., Maurer M., Luthi C., (forthcoming). The Clean Plan-Analyzing Sanitation Planning in India using the CWIS Planning Framework. Submitted in J. Water Sanit. Hyg. Dev.
ID: 64439
Title: Optimising unplanted faecal sludge drying beds in Devanahalli, India
Author: Nienke Andriessen, Anantha Moorthy,Rohini Pradeep, Linda Strande
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 26-27 (2021)
Subject: Optimising unplanted faecal sludge drying beds in Devanahalli, India
Keywords: Unplanted faecal sludge, Devanahalli, India
Abstract: Unplanted drying beds are commonly used worldwide for faecal sludge dewatering. Drying beds are passive gravity filters that are an attractive treatment option due to their ease of operation. However, several operational difficulties exist that affect the consistency of treatment performance, including sludge variability, environmental factors (e.g temperature, humidity, wind and precipitation), and sand removal with dewatered sludge.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Klinger M. et al. Scoping study; Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants in South-Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 2019)
Consortium For DEWATS Dissemination Society, Insights from faecal Sludge Management in Devanahalli-Five years of operations, (Bengaluru; COD Society,2020)
Literature cited 2: Consortium for Dewats Dissemination Society, Guidance Document for design of FSTP Based on Drying Bed Technologies, (Bengaluru: CDD Scociety, 2021.)
ID: 64438
Title: Smartphone App and predictive models to characterise faecal sludge
Author: B. J. Ward, Nienke Andriessen, James M. Tembo, Joel Kabika, Andreas Scheidegger, Eberhard Morgenroth, Linda Strande
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 24-25 (2021)
Subject: Smartphone App and predictive models to characterise faecal sludge
Keywords: Smart phone app, predictive models, faecal sludge
Abstract: Characterisation of faecal sludge in imperative for the design and operation of sustainable solutions for faecal sludge management. Rough but frequent characterization are a valuable supplement to expensive and complex laboratory analysis. They could be helpful, for example, when planners and engineers want to know the physical and chemical characteristics of sludge in a city in order to design a plan for citywide sanitation, including selecting emptying and treatment technologies. Or, once a treatment strategy is operational, having them available could assist operators in adjusting loading rates based on the variability of infleunt characteristics.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ward B.J. et al., Experimental design for the development, transfer ,scalling-up, and optimization of treatment technologies: case studies of dewatering and drying. Methods for Faecal Sludge Analysis (London: IWA Publishing.2021), 85-114.
Ward B.J. et al., predictive models using "cheap and easy" field measurements: Can they fill a gap in planning, monitoring, and implementing fecal sludge management solutions?, water Research,196, (2021), 116997
Literature cited 2: Ward B.J. eta al., Sludge Snap: a machine learning approach to fecal sludge characterization in the field, (42nd WEDC International Conference,2021).
ID: 64437
Title: Dewatering of black water, the missing link for integrated off-grid solutions
Author: Michael Vogel, Stanley Sam, Eberhard Morgenroth, Kai M Udert, Linda Strande
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 23-23 (2021)
Subject: Dewatering of black water, the missing link for integrated off-grid solutions
Keywords: Dewatering, Blackwater, Missing link, solutions
Abstract: The innovative research building NEST (Next Evolution in Sustainable Building Technology) combines living, recreation and workspaces. And it serves as a research platform to test innovative building and energy technologies, and off-grid and decentralised waste-water treatment technologies. One objective of this modular research building is to accelerate knowledge transfer from science to practice, providing a testing facility under realistic conditions.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: EMPA, NEST, https://www.empa.ch/web/nest/overview (accessed 30 March 2021)
Eawag, Water Hub, https://www.eawag.ch/en/department/eng/projects/waer-hub/(accesed 30 March 2021.
Literature cited 2: Ward B.J. et al., Predictive models using "Cheap and easy" field measurements: Can they fill a gap in planning, monitoring, and implementing fecal sludge management solutions? water Research,196, (2021) 116997, (12 pp).
ID: 64436
Title: Working towards standardised methods for faecal sludge analysis
Author: Nienke Andriessen,Konstantina Velkushanova, Mariska Ronteltap,Thammarat Koottatep, Damir Brdjanovic, Chris Buckley, Linda Strande
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 22-22 (2021)
Subject: Working towards standardised methods for faecal sludge analysis
Keywords: Standardised methods, faecal sludge analysis
Abstract: The IWA book methods for faecal sludge analysis were recently published. The goal is update it regularly to present new research. It is already being used in a sandec field study with eight patterns in multiple countries.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Velkushanova K., Strande L., Ronteltap M., Koottatep T., Brdjanovic D. & Buckley C. (eds), Methods for faecal sludge analysis,(London: IWA Publishing 2021).
Literature cited 2:
ID: 64435
Title: Waste education in schools-insights from country overviews
Author: Adeline Mertenat, Christian Zurbrugg
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 19-19 (2021)
Subject: Waste education in schools-insights from country overviews
Keywords: Waste education, country overviews
Abstract: Education has long been recognised as critical to address environmental and sustainability challenges. The "Towards Zero Waste at Schools" (ZW@S) project fosters innovative solutions at schools that enhance circular systems. Learning and practice teaches students to become agents of change of sustainable behaviour. The ZW@S project conducted national overview studies in Burkino Faso, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Nepal and Peru to assess the current status of environmental and waste education strategies and initiatives.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: UNESCO, Issues and Trends in Education for Sustainable Development, (Paris: UNESCO Publishing.2018).
Literature cited 2:
ID: 64434
Title: Pretreating high fibrous wastes to enhance larvae development
Author: Daniela A.Peguero ,Moritz Gold, Alexander Mathys, Christian Zurbrugg
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 18-18 (2021)
Subject: Pretreating high fibrous wastes to enhance larvae development
Keywords: High-fibrous waste, larvae development
Abstract: Managing organic waste in low and middle-income countries remains a challenge. Yet, valorising such waste using the Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) offers a promising solution as BSFL can convert organic waste into insect biomass for animal feed and/or biodiesel and a compost-like residue that can be used as fertiliser. BSFL, however, have difficulties to digest and grow on waste streams with high contents of lignin (~10-25%), hemicellulose (~20-35%) and cellulose (~30-50%).Therefore, many BSFL enterprises avoid such waste materials as feedstock. Although explicable from a businesses perspective, it is not an attractive solution from a citywide waste management perspective.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mishra S. et al., Microbial pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced biomethanation and waste management, 3 Biotech, 8/11, (2018) 458.
Palma L. et al., Managing high fiber food waste for the cultivation of black soldier fly larvae, npj Sci. Food, 3/1, (2009).
Literature cited 2: Liu C. et al., Pretreatment is an important method for increasing the conversion efficiency of rice straw by black soldier fly larvae based on the function of gut microorganisms, Sci. Total Environ, 762, (2021).
Isibik A. et al., Pre-treatment of banana peel to improve composting by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens (L), Diptera: Stratiomydae larvae, Waste Manag, 100, (2019)151-160.
ID: 64433
Title: Black soldier fly larvae products and applicability as pet food
Author: Julia egger, Bram Dortmants, christian Zurbrugg
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 16-17 (2021)
Subject: Black soldier fly larvae products and applicability as pet food
Keywords: Black soldier fly larvae, applicability, pet food
Abstract: Valorising organic waste with the Black Soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is becoming increasingly popular, especially in low-and middle-income countries. This is because the harvested larvae can be used as an alternative to conventional animal feed. The sustainability of Insect-Based recycling Enteprises (SIBRE)project analysed the economic viability of BSFL biowaste processing in Indonesia, and its forest assessment indicted that he pet feed market would be a good entry point for BSFL products because commercial animal feed mills require a quantity of raw products that far exceeds the production capacity of small-and medium-sized BSFL facilities.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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ID: 64432
Title: Making decentralized insect waste processing financially viable
Author: Maximilian G.P. Grau, Bram Dortmans, Julia Egger, Christian Zurbrugg
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 14-15 (2021)
Subject: Making decentralized insect waste processing financially viable
Keywords: Decentralized insect waste, financially viable
Abstract: Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) conversion is a promising approach for treating biowaste, given the low technological input required while producing high value products. The FORWARD project, funded by the Swiss State Secretariat of Economic Affairs (SECO), in collaboration with the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works (PU-PR) and executed by Eawag in Sidoarjo, Indonesia, has developed a simple BSFL plant setup. This has fostered a widespread implementation of BSFL plants across Indonesia. BSFL processing can be setup in different ways and in various configurations, i.e., centralised or decentralised , as described by Diener , et al.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dortmans B.M.A. et al. Black soldier Fly Biowaste Processing-A step-by-Step Guide. (Dubendorf: Eawag,2017).
Diener S. et al. (2015): Opportunities and constraints for medium-scale organic waste treatment with fly larvae composting, (15th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium, 2015).
Literature cited 2: Antarest E. et al. (2020): Market Assessment for BSF products, (dubendorf: Eawag, 2020).
ID: 64431
Title: How can we enhance waste segregation at Source? insights from Guatemala
Author: Adeline Mertenat, Dorian Tosi Robinson, Marta Julia Cuc Chiroy, Nexan Herrera, Fidel Saloj Yaxon, Christian Zurbugg
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 12-13 (2021)
Subject: How can we enhance waste segregation at Source? insights from Guatemala
Keywords: Enhance waste segregation, Source, Guatemala
Abstract: Reaching the objectives of a circular economy starts with one key element: proper waste segregation at source. Indeed, ensuring that the different waste fractions are separated as close as possible to the generation source, usually at the household level, significantly increases the purity and economic value of recovered materials, which in turn fosters higher recycling rates. Yet, changing the behaviour of residents to segregate their waster at source is a challenging task for practioners worldwide, especially in low-and middle-income settings. According to literature, a reason why there are only few effective methods to achieve behaviour change is the weak connection between intervention-based research and psychological research on waste segregation determinants.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Varotto A. et al, Psychological strategies to promote household recycling. A systematic review with metaanalysis of validated field interventions, Journal of Environmental Psychology,51, (2017),168-188.
Mosler H.J.A systematic approach to behaviour change interventions for the water and sanitation section in developing countries: conceptual model, a review, and a guideline, Int J Environ Health Res, 22/5, (2012).
Literature cited 2: Calvin V., Behavior Change Manual, (Helvetas,2017)
ID: 64430
Title: Mainstreaming black soldier fly practical knowledge
Author: Bram Dortmans,Julia Egger, Christian Zurbrugg
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 10-11 (2021)
Subject: Mainstreaming black soldier fly practical knowledge
Keywords: Mainstreaming, black soldier fly,Practical knowledge
Abstract: The FORWARD (From Organic Waste to Recycling for development) protect started in 2013 and was developed as part of a framework agreement with the Indonesian Ministry of Republic Works (PU-PR) and s funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for economic Affairs (SECO). ByBy 2017, the project had showcased a technically viable integrated system for biowaste processing using the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) in Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The SIBRE 9Sustainability of Insect-Based Recycling Eneterprises) project was then launched with a focus on determining the financial viability of the BSF biowaste processing technology.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
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ID: 64429
Title: Waste to Biogas in Refugee camps: An assessment in Zimbabwe
Author: Christian Zurbugg, Adeline Mertenat, Max Grau, Miriam Bergqvist, Jay Matta
Editor: Paul Donahule and Christoph Luthi, Eawag
Year: 2021
Publisher: Eawag, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Sandec news, Issue No.22, 9/21 8-9 (2021)
Subject: Waste to Biogas in Refugee camps: An assessment in Zimbabwe
Keywords: Waste to Biogas, refugee camps, Zimbabwe
Abstract: Tongogagra Refugee Camp (TRC) is in southeastern Zimbabwe and hosts ~14’500 people, mainly refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi. Key challenges voiced by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, TRC camp management and residents are access to cooking fuel and waste management. Residents cook with firewood or charcoal provided by camp management, but also collect firewood from the nearby forest, resulting in tensions with the local host communities. Security threats to women who often gather the firewood and respiratory health risks from the indoor wood stoves are the main drivers for exploring cooking fuel options. Not all waste is collected and even less reused or recycled; large amounts are indiscriminately or openly burned.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
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Literature cited 2: