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ID: 66425
Title: Medicinal repositroy and propagation aspects of grasses
Author: Nahid Fatima,Satya Narain, Prabhat Kumar and Rahul
Editor: Richa Misra
Year: 2025
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: The Indian Forester Vol. 151 (5) May. Pg No. 573-576 (2025)
Subject: Medicinal repositroy and propagation aspects of grasses
Keywords: Grasses,Medicinal, Traditional, Poaceae, Propagation
Abstract: Grasses play a very significant role in humans and animals life due to its biogeographical presence, ecological as well as socio-economic importance. They include cereals like wheat, rice, maize and some millets like Jowar, ragi, and bajra. Some species are used as a remedy for many diseases. The use of grasses for medicinal purpose is widely discussed in ancient literature, but it is incredible that its efficacy and special uses are unknown to us. The research on traditional use of grasses is limited. It is important to increase knowledge about medicinal properties of grasses to enhance its value in people's lives.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ahmad F ,Khan M., Ahmad M., Zafar M., Mahmood T., Jabeen A. and Marwat S.K (2010).Ethnomedicinal uses of grasses in salt range region of northern Pakistan.J.Med.Pl.Res.4 (5): 362-369. Bhatt G.P. (1993) SkandhaPuranam (with English translation).20 Vols. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, New Dehi, India.
Literature cited 2: Bor N. (1960). Grasses of Burma, Ceylon, and India, Pergamon Press, New York. Clayton W.D. and Renvoize S.A. (1969). Genera Graminum, Grasses of the world, HMSO, London.

ID: 66424
Title: A comprehensive review on the wetland flora in Lakhimpur District of Assam, India
Author: Anannya Morang and Himu Roy
Editor: Richa Misra
Year: 2025
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: The Indian Forester Vol. 151 (5) May. Pg No. 560-572 (2025)
Subject: A comprehensive review on the wetland flora in Lakhimpur District of Assam, India
Keywords: Anthropological threats, Aquatic plants, Communities, Ethnobotanical, HYdrophytes
Abstract: The wetlands of Northeast India are one of the most biologically diverse habitats, supporting the survival of both the human and the wildlife of the region. Aquatic plants, one of the primary producers in the aquatic ecosystem plays a key role in maintaining the ecosystem of the area. The Lakhimpur district of Assam falls under the Indo-Burma Biodiversity hotspot of the world and houses a diversity of aquatic flora within the wetlands of the district. A total of 268 aquatic plant species were recorded, belonging to 69 families. At least 29.47% (79 species) aquatic plants were found to be documented and used for ethnobotanical purpose by the 9 local communities such as Assamese, Bodo, Rabha, Bengali Muslim, Bengali Hindu, Nepali, Mishing, Deori and Karbi in Lakhimpur district. Parts such as rhizomes , leaves, tubers, petioles, stems, shoots, seeds and flowers were found to be extensively used by the communities for purposes such as in culinary, medicine, biofertiliser and biocultural significance. The family Aracease Juss, was found to be used the most for vegetables and medicine.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Aasim M., Bakhsh A., Sameedullah M, Karatap M and Khawar K.M. (2018). Aquatic plants as human food. Global perspectives on underutilized crops.165-187. Bhuyan J.M. and Sharma P. (2023).A study on the Water quality and the change detection of aquatic vegetation of Satajaanbeel, North Lakhimpur, Assam, Research Square, 1-21.
Literature cited 2: Bixler H.J. and Porse H. (2011).A decade of change in the seaweed hydrocolloids industry, Journal of applied Phycology.23 (3): 321-335. Boruah B. and Riba T. (2015). A study on Bordolbaam Wetlands of Assam, India.Environmentalism.1:15-21

ID: 66423
Title: Volume and Biomass Tables for Farm-grown Malabar Neem(Melia composita Benth.) for Central Plains of Punjab
Author: R.I.S Gill, A.K. Dhakad, B. Singh and N.Kaur
Editor: Richa Misra
Year: 2025
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: The Indian Forester Vol. 151 (5) May. Pg No. 551-559 (2025)
Subject: Volume and Biomass Tables for Farm-grown Malabar Neem(Melia composita Benth.) for Central Plains of Punjab
Keywords: Melia composita, Volume table, Biomass table, Height, DBH, Punjab
Abstract: The present study was carried out in the central plain region of Punjab state. The data on tree height and diameter at breast height were recorded on Melia composita trees belongs to different girth classes and having tree height and DBH ranging from 9.30 m to 19.90 m, and 6.37 to 35.67 cm, respectively. The trees were felled and cut into logs of acceptable merchantable lengths. The data on log length, log diameter on both ends and at mid-point, and log weight were recorded. The volume regression equations were developed to predict the volume table on basis of DBH and tree height (combined variable model), and DBH alone (single-entry model).Results were statistically analyzed and found that all equations had very good-fit. Timber volume and biomass predicted by single-entry model (R2+0.948) were found quite near to the actual volume and biomass estimated by manual harvesting of the trees but at lower girth class trees. However, combined variable model (R2=0.886) was found best fit for the trees belong to upper girth classes for Melia composita plantation. Besides, timber biomass table was developed to get the rough estimation of tree standing biomass so that the farmers can sale their trees at an appropriate price. These tables will be useful to the farmers, timber growers, wood contractors, state forest departments, research workers and the planners for future plantation programmes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Agarwal S. and Saxena A.K. (2017.The Puzzle of forest productivity: are forest development corporations solving it right? Centre for science and environment, New Delhi, India(http://www.indiaenvironmntportal.org.in/file/the-puzzle-of-forest-productivity-report.pdf). Clutter J.L., Fortson J.C.Pienaar L.V.,Brister G.H. and Bailey R.L. (1983). Timber management: A quantitative approach. John Wiley and Sons. New York, USA.
Literature cited 2: Dhaka R.K., Gunaga R.P, Sinha S.K., Thakur N.S. and Dobriyal M.J. (2020). Influence of tree height and diameter on wood basic density, cellulose and fibre characterics in Meli dubia Cav. families. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science, 17:138-144. Dhanda R.S. and Singh R.P (1990).Volume and Biomass tables for Eucalyptus hybrid (E.tereticornis Sm) from kandi area of Punjab. Journal of Research PAU, 27:428-433.

ID: 66422
Title: Comparing phytosociological attributes for trees outside forest and enrichmnt plantation: strategies for sustainable urban forest Management
Author: Paromita Ghosh
Editor: Richa Misra
Year: 2025
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: The Indian Forester Vol. 151 (6) June. Pg No. 546-550 (2025)
Subject: Comparing phytosociological attributes for trees outside forest and enrichmnt plantation: strategies for sustainable urban forest Management
Keywords: Anand van, Enrichmnet plantation, Indian Himalayan region, Nanda van, Trees outside forests, Sustainable urban forest management
Abstract: Trees Outside Forests (TOF) and Enrichment Plantations (EP) are strategies used in urban forestry management to increase green cover and address various ecological issues such as deforestation. The Government of India has initiated the promotion of TOF and EP to address resource demands and provide various ecosystem services in urban and semi-urban areas. This study examined Anand Van (an urban TOF) in Dehradun and Nanda Van (an EP) in Almora, focusing on their ecological attributes that reflect the suitability of the two forest management systems to address environmental challenges. Phytosociological analysis revealed that broad leaved Mallotus phillippinensis was the dominant species in Anand Van; whereas needle leaved Pinus roxburghii was the dominant species in Nanda Van. The importance value index (IVI) indicates higher ecological significance for TOF due to their more diverse missed vegetation and natural regeneration, resulting in higher biodiversity compared to EP. Recognizing the complementarity of these strategies and spreading awareness among stakeholders is essential for sustainable urban forest management .A location-specific mixed-method approach of both strategies can help improve urban greenery and ecosystem services and augment business strategy through natural resource management.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chaturvedi A.N. and Khanna L.S (1982).Forest menstruation, 92.International Book Distributors, Dehradun. Curtis J.T. and McIntosh R.P. (1950).The interrelation of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters. Ecology, 31:434-455.
Literature cited 2: Curtis J.T (1959).The vegetation of Wisconsin: An ordination of plant communities. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsisn Press. FAO (2019). Restoring forest landscapes through assisted natural regeneration (ANR)-A practical manual.Bangkok.Pp.1-52.https://www.fao.org/3/ca4191en/CA4191EN.pdf

ID: 66421
Title: Biomass and carbon stock assessment in Agroforestry practices: A study in Southern Transition zone of Karnataka, India
Author: Mitali Mehta, G.M. Devagiri, ,B.N.Satish,B.G.Nayak,D.Ravikumar and Ankush Moran
Editor: Richa Misra
Year: 2025
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: The Indian Forester Vol. 151 (6) June. Pg No. 540-545 (2025)
Subject: Biomass and carbon stock assessment in Agroforestry practices: A study in Southern Transition zone of Karnataka, India
Keywords: Agroforestry, Biomass, Carbon sequestration, Soil carbon and Climate change
Abstract: Agroforestry plays an important role in global carbon cycle and regulating the earth's climate. The present study was conducted with the objective to know about the carbon sequestration potential of different agroforestry practices in Periyapatana and Hunsur tehsils of Mysore district, Karnataka. Based on the reconnaissance survey four prominent practices viz., multipurpose tree (MPT's) on farmlands, block plantations, boundary plantations and control (i.e. agricultural crop without (trees) were selected for the present study. Among the four practices, highest biomass, biomass carbon, soil organic carbon stock, total carbon was recorded in block plantations whereas lowest was recorded in control, Total biomass and biomass carbon varied from 3.92 Mg ha-1 to 63.39 Mg ha-1, 1.84 Mg ha-1 to 29.79 Mg ha-1, respectively. The SOC stock ranged from 13.14 to 22.05 Mg ha-1.Total carbon stock across the different practices ranged from 14.98 Mg ha-1 to 51.84 Mg ha-1.Thus, the study highlights the need for policies that promote agroforestry adoption through incentives, technical assistance and integration into national carbon offset programs, thereby reinforcing its potential as a nature-based solution for environmental sustainability and rural livelihoods.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ajay K. L and Singh P.P (2003). Economic worth of carbon stored in above ground biomass of India's forest. Indian Forester, 129 (7): 874-880.doi.10.36808/if/2003/v12917/2354 Ajit Dhyani S.K. Handa A.K., Newaj R. Chavan S.B., Alam B Prasad R., Ram A, Rizvi R.H., Jain A.K. Uma Tripathi D., Shakhela R.R., Patel A.G, Dalvi V.V., Saxena A.K. Parihar A.K.S, Backiyavathy M.R., Sudhagar R.J. and Gunasekaran S. (2016).Estimating carbon sequestration potential of existing agroforestry systems in India. Agroforestry Systems, 91 (6): 1101-1118, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-016-9986-z.
Literature cited 2: Baritz R., Seufert G., Montanarella L. and Van Ranst E. (2010). Carbon concentrations and stocks in forest soils of Europe. Forest Ecology and Management, 260 (3): 262-277. Chauhan S.K, Sharma R., Singh B. and Sharma S.C. (2015). Biomass production, carbon sequestration and economics of on-farm poplar plantations in Punjab, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 7 (1): 452-458.https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.631

ID: 66420
Title: Ecological study of Trees diversity and carbon sequestration potential of Rtanpur Forest, Dungarpur Division, Rajasthan
Author: Kuldip Purani and Jitendra S. Patel
Editor: Richa Misra
Year: 2025
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: The Indian Forester Vol. 151 (6) June. Pg No. 533-539 (2025)
Subject: Ecological study of Trees diversity and carbon sequestration potential of Rtanpur Forest, Dungarpur Division, Rajasthan
Keywords: Biodiversity, Phytosociological, Conservation, Carbon sequestration, Ratanpur Forest.
Abstract: Ecological studies assess the biodiversity status of vegetation. Knowledge of ecological composition, tree species variety, and dominating ecosystem communities serves as a framework for biodiversity conservation management planning and implementation. This study focuses on characterizing the diversity and phytosociological attributes of tree species in surrounding the Ratanpur Forest areas of the Dungarpur division of the Rajasthan state. The research employs a total of 15 stratified random sampling plots laid, and a total of 30 tree species belonging to 22 genera and 27 families have been recorded. The study revealed that the total density of tree species was 1090.13 individuals/ha. In the whole Ratanpur Forest area. The estimated carbon sequestration of these tree species has been calculated using a non-destructive method. Among these 30 tree species, 90.31 tonnes of carbon were stored, with the maximum carbon storage found in Tectona grandis (Sag) (21.78 tonnes of carbon). This detailed understanding of the phytosociological characteristics of the tree species will enable better forest management, conservation efforts, and sustainable utilization of forest resources.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ankit A., Negi S.S., Kthota J.C.,Patel A.N.,Kalubarme M.H.and Garg J.K. (2017). Carbon Sequestration Analysis of dominant tree species using Geo-informatics Technology in Gujarat State (INDIA). International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 4 (2): 7993. Ashwani Arya (2018). Assessment of Biodiversity in the Ratagata forest block of Dungarpur range, district Dungarpur, Rajasthan. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 6 (1): 1910-1915.
Literature cited 2: Barbour M.J, Burk H, Pitts W.D., Gillians F.S. and schwartz M.W. (1999). Terrestrial Plant Ecology, 37 (3): 451-460. Curtis J.T. (1959). The vegetation of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin.

ID: 66419
Title: Connecting the fragmented forests by opportunity of Vertical dual Land use-III (Analysis along the length of RoW of Transmission Lines)
Author: Vinay Kant Misra
Editor: Richa Misra
Year: 2025
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: The Indian Forester Vol. 151 (6) June. Pg No. 525-532 (2025)
Subject: Connecting the fragmented forests by opportunity of Vertical dual Land use-III (Analysis along the length of RoW of Transmission Lines)
Keywords: Forest fragmentation, Dwarf species, Dual land use, Propagation technique, Transmission lines, Right of Way (RoW), Bamboo fencing, Van (Sanrakshan evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980
Abstract: Plantation of dwarf species (preferably medicinal plants) in right of way (RoW) of transmission lines is a unique mandatory condition in the projects of forest land diversition for transmission lines under Forest (Conservation) Act.1980; now named as Van (Sankarshan Evam Samvardhan) Adhiniyam, 1980.It provides a unique opportunity of vertical dual land use by differentiating the vertical space above land for different uses. In part-1 and II of the present study, various aspects of the existing practices including safety, species selection, spacing of seedlings, phytoclimatic zones and vegetation types were given based on review of 1080 projects of forest land diversion for transmission lines. Cross-sectional analysis of RoW of transmission lines of different voltage levels was made to find out the available vertical space. The method of calculation of horizontal space (k-value) for relatively tailer (T-value) dwarf plants was also given along with differential height model of plantation. A list of 250 perennial dwarf species of different phytoclimatic zones of India was given along with their distribution, local names, available propagation techniques and palatability/edibility for wildlife. The detailed plan of plantation of dwarf species including lay-out, cost analysis, rate of levy demand and method to calculate levy for future years was also given in part-III of this study, the comparison of various guidelines of MoEF &CC and CEA issued in 2023 is made with those of earlier guidelines/regulations to update the outcomes of study. Views on further amendment of guidelines/regulations to reconsideration of available vertical space for dwarf plants were given to utilize the unused vertical space at safe distance (vertical clearance) in place of distance from maximum sag point.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: CEA (2020). CEA (Measure relating to safety & Electric supply) Regulations, GoI. CEA 92023), CEA (Measures relating to safety &Electric Supply) Regulations, GoI.
Literature cited 2: Ministry of Power (2020). Guidelines for payment on compensation in regard to Right of Way (RoW)for transmission lines in urban areas. (Issued vide no. 3/4/2016-Trans dt 16.07.2020). Ministry of power, Government of India. Misra V.K. (2023). Connecting the fragmented forests by the opportunity of vertical dual land use (Plantation of dwarf species, preferably medicinal plants in RoWof transmission lineas compliance of the existing mandatory condition under FC Act, 1980). Ind. For.149(2):235-263

ID: 66418
Title: The seed morphology and evolving effective method for good germination of Couroupita guianensis under nursery conditions.
Author: M.Naga Pratap,R.Srinivas, R.Yesoda Bai and A.K. Naik
Editor: Richa Misra
Year: 2025
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: The Indian Forester Vol. 151 (6) June. Pg No. 518-528 (2025)
Subject: The seed morphology and evolving effective method for good germination of Couroupita guianensis under nursery conditions.
Keywords: Morphology, Nursery, Coconut husk,Germination percentage
Abstract: The present research attempts to characterize the morphology of seed and evolve effective method to achieve good seed germination percent of Couroupita guianensis under nursery conditions. Experiment was carried out at the nursery of Regional Forest Research Centre, Rajhmundry of AP Forest Department during June to August 2023 with different pre-treatment methods i.e. Normal water, Hot water and Gibberellic acid. A good germination percentage was noticed with pre-treatment of seed with 200 ppm Gibberellic acid for 24 hrs followed by sowing in coconut husk medium under nursery conditions.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ghildiyal S.K. and Sharma C.M. (2005).Effect of seed size and temperature treatments on germination of various seed sources of Pinus wallichiana and Pinus roxburghii from Garhwal Himalaya, Indian Forester, 131 (1): 56-65. Gomez K.A. and Gomez A.A (1984). Statical procedures for agricultural research, 2nd edn. Willey, New York, p.180.
Literature cited 2: Gousia S.K. Ashok K.K., Vinay K.T. and Naveena L. (2013). Biological activities and medicinal properties of Couroupita guianensis.Int J. Pharm Pharmaceut Sci. Res., 3 (4): 140-143. Gupta S.K., Pathak P.S. and Debroy R. (1983).Seedling growth of Leucaena laeucocephala, II Effect of seed size. Indian Forester, 5 (3): 10.13

ID: 66417
Title: People's Perception on use and management of Urban Green spaces of Gurugram, India
Author: Subhash Yadav, Sarika, Seema Yadav and Kushagra Rajendra
Editor: Richa Misra
Year: 2025
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: The Indian Forester Vol. 151 (6) June. Pg No. 511-517 (2025)
Subject: People's Perception on use and management of Urban Green spaces of Gurugram, India
Keywords: Urbanization , Urban green spaces,People perception, Ecosystem services, Willingness to Pay
Abstract: This study examines three urban green spaces in Gururgram: Tau Devital Park, Maharana Pratap Swaran Jayanti Park and Tau Devital Biodiversity Botanical Garden. The study explored the motive and purpose of the visit, user's understanding about ecosystem services given by these spaces, willingness to pay monetary value for the ecosystem services, park upkeep, and management issues which they want the authorities to take cognizance. The results show a higher number of male visitors and young working visitors. The factors that influence park preference are large walking spaces, accessibility and biodiversity. People prefer visiting in groups for health benefits and enjoy pen green spaces. Grass was the most preferred vegetation.66% of respondents acknowledged the provisioning and regulating services provided by urban green spaces. Only 50% were willing to pay for the ecosystem benefits while 37.67% strongly disagreed with the idea. Those who supported the idea supported levying a modest fee for better maintenance and up-keep of the park. Issues faced by visitors involve poor lighting, dog-menace, safety concerns, poorly maintained or lack of basic amenities and presence of anti-social elements. Findings of the study will help authorities to align their efforts towards improving user's experience.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Abass K, Appiah D.O and Afriyle K. 92019). Does green space matter? Public knowledge and attitude towards urban greenery in Ghana. Urban Forestry &Urban Greening, 46: 126462. Atiqul Haq S.M., Islam M.N., Siddhanata A, Ahmed K.J. and Chowdhury. T.A (2021). Public perceptions of urban green spaces: convergences and divergences. Frontiers in Sustainable Cites, 3: 755313.
Literature cited 2: Barchetta L. and Chiodelli F. (2015).The variety of urban green spaces and thier diverse accessibility. Gran Sasso Science Institute. Chaudhary B.S., Saroha G.P. and Yadav M (2008).Human Induced Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Northern Part of Gurgaon District, Haryana, India: Natural Resources Census Concept. Journal of Human Ecology, 23 (3): 243-252.https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2008.11906077.

ID: 66416
Title: Performance of Melia dubia under different planting densities: effects on growth and carbon sequestration
Author: D. C. Hanumanthappa , V. Bhaskar , B. H. Ganesha , Rajath Kumar and Nagaraju
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (2) 169-174 25 July (2025)
Subject: Performance of Melia dubia under different planting densities: effects on growth and carbon sequestration
Keywords: Carbon sequestration, Melia dubia, soil nutrient status
Abstract: The field experiment to standardise spacing for block plantation of Melia dubia was initiated during July 2010 at ‘M’ Block, Agroforestry unit, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, University of Agriculture Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Bengaluru. The experiment was conducted in alfisols having moderate water holding capacity (10% to 18% at field capacity), with acidic soil pH (5.5), low organic carbon content (0.30%), low in available nitrogen (235 kg ha–1), medium in available phosphorus (32 kg ha–1) and medium in available potash (299 kg ha–1). The experiment consisted of six spacing, viz. S1 (24 m × 5 m), S2 (20 m × 5 m), S3 (16 m × 5 m), S4 (12 m × 5 m), S5 (10 m × 5 m) and S6 (8 m × 5 m) which accommodated 83, 100, 125, 166, 200 and 250 trees per hectare, respectively. These were laid out in strip plot design and replicated four times. After ten years of planting, the results revealed that there was wide variation in tree height, girth at breast height (GBH) and canopy spread with different spacings. The tree height was significantly higher in S1 (14.02 m), followed by S2 (13.99 m) and S3 (13.04 m). A similar trend was observed for GBH (125.39, 117.03 and 105.36 cm, respectively), canopy spread N–S (8.89, 8.61 and 8.27 m, respectively) and E–W direction (8.35, 8.17 and 7.86 m, respectively). Variation in tree biomass accumulation was also found. The maximum total biomass was recorded with the spacing of S4 (91.74 tonne ha–1), followed by S6 (81.44 tonne ha–1) and S5 (79.85 tonne ha–1). The higher above-ground biomass of M. dubia in S1 is due to wider canopy spread and vigorous growth. Similarly, higher tree carbon was sequestered with the spacing of S4 (157.81 tonne ha–1), followed by S6 (140.10 tonne ha–1). The least carbon was sequestered with S3 (124.94 tonne ha–1). Apart from it also enhanced nutrient content in the soil, viz. soil organic carbon (0.69%), Available nitrogen (295.0 kg ha–1), Phosphorus (29.72 kg ha–1) and potassium (298.0 kg ha–1). There is an improvement in soil pH (6.65) compared to the initial status. Finally, it can be concluded that M. dubia planting at a wider spacing of 24 m × 5 m will be effective with respect to tree height, GBH and canopy spread after ten years of planting. But the spacing of 12 m × 5 m helped in enhancing the soil health and sequestering 157 tonnes of carbon per hectare.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: IPCC, Climate Change, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Scientific Assessment Report, 1999, p. 6. IPCC, Climate Change, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Scientific Assessment Report, 2019, p. 10.
Literature cited 2: Canadell, J. G., Kirschbaum, M. U. F., Kurz, W. A., Sanz, M. J., Schlamadinger, B. and Yamagata, Y., Factoring out natural and indirect human effects on terrestrial carbon sources and sinks. Environ. Sci. Policy, 2007, 10(1), 370–384. Chaturvedi, A. N. and Khanna, L. S., Forest Mensuration, International Book Distributors, Dehradun, India, 1984, p. 96.

ID: 66415
Title: How do urban trees vary across India? a comparative analysis across ten Indian cities
Author: Satyajit Oraon, Prachi Gupta and Jayanti Ray-Mukherjee
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (2) 158-168 25 July (2025)
Subject: How do urban trees vary across India? a comparative analysis across ten Indian cities
Keywords: City trees, flowering season, fruiting season, Sorenson’s index, urban tree pollinators.
Abstract: The present study was conducted to examine the variation in dominant tree species richness, composition, green cover per capita, tree-species traits, and ecosystem services to understand the similarity in urban tree distribution across 10 Indian cities. We compiled a list of 226 dominant tree species across all 10 cities. The cities showed a maximum similarity in urban tree flora of 56% (Sorenson’s index), the lowest being 19%. All cities displayed the dominance of faster-growing species. We emphasise that a good mix of native vs exotic and diversity of traits would make the urban landscapes more resilient and resistant under unpredictable climatic conditions.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Lahoti, S., Lahoti, A. and Saito, O., Benchmark assessment of recreational public urban green space provisions: a case of typical urbanizing Indian City, Nagpur. Urban For. Urban Green., 2019, 44, 126424. Govindarajulu, D., Urban green space planning for climate adaptation in Indian cities. Urban Clim., 2014, 10, 35–41.
Literature cited 2: Maas, J., Verheij, R. A., Groenewegen, P. P., de Vries, S. and Spreeuwenberg, P., Green space, urbanity, and health: how strong is the relation? J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 2006, 60, 587–592. Camacho-Cervantes, M., Schondube, J. E., Castillo, A. and MacGregor-Fors, I., How do people perceive urban trees? assessing likes and dislikes in relation to the trees of a city. Urban Ecosyst., 2014, 17, 761–773

ID: 66414
Title: Understanding chlorophyll dynamics in aquatic ecosystems in Bay of Bengal
Author: Hari Warrior and P. V. Nagaman
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (2) 151-157 25 July (2025)
Subject: Understanding chlorophyll dynamics in aquatic ecosystems in Bay of Bengal
Keywords: Chlorophyll dynamics, dynamical system, fixed point.
Abstract: The present article explores the dynamics of chlorophyll concentration in aquatic ecosystems of the Bay of Bengal, emphasising its critical role in supporting phytoplankton populations and, consequently, the health of marine environments. The study presents a chlorophyll dynamics model governed by a differential equation that incorporates intrinsic growth rates, carrying capacity and loss processes. A significant finding is the identification of a stable fixed point at C = 1 mg/m3 , which represents a threshold concentration for chlorophyll. At this concentration, the system is poised for maximum fish catch, as it indicates optimal conditions for zooplankton grazing, which in turn supports higher trophic levels. Understanding this relationship is also vital for effective ecosystem management and predicting algal blooms, thereby contributing to sustainable fisheries and aquaculture practices. The implications of these findings underscore the importance of monitoring chlorophyll dynamics to maintain ecological balance and optimise fishery yields.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: . Huisman, J., van Oostveen, P. and Weissing, F. J., Critical depth and critical light: two different mechanisms for the development of phytoplankton blooms. Limnol. Oceanogr., 2004, 49(4), 1008–1018. Monod, J., The growth of bacterial cultures. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 1949, 3, 371–394
Literature cited 2: Fasham, M. J. R., Ducklow, H. W. and McKelvie, S., A nitrogen-based model of plankton dynamics in the oceanic mixed layer. J. Marine Res., 1990, 48, 591–639. Paerl, H. W. and Otten, T. G., Harmful cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic waters: controls and ecological impacts. Environ. Microbiol., 2021, 23(3), 1630–1640.

ID: 66413
Title: Alterations in 3D vectorcardiographic loop length in acute myocardial infarction patients: a quantitative study
Author: Tania Ghosal , Imran Ahmed , Soham Mukhopadhyay , Damodar Prasad Goswami , Anupam Bandyopadhyay and Arnab Sengupta
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (2) 146-150 25 July (2025)
Subject: Alterations in 3D vectorcardiographic loop length in acute myocardial infarction patients: a quantitative study
Keywords: Myocardial infarction, QRS loop length, sling length, spatial distance, vectorcardiogram.
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases, especially acute myocardial infarction (AMI), are major global health concerns. The present study focuses on the QRS loop of the three-dimensional vectorcardiogram (VCG), a key indicator of ventricular electrical activities. By comparing healthy individuals and AMI patients, we found a notable decrease in QRS loop length among those with AMI measured using Euclidean point-to-point distances. This shortening suggests a clustering of vectors due to myocardial necrosis and disrupted electrical conduction. The findings emphasise the diagnostic value of QRS-based VCG analysis, offering insights into cardiac electrophysiology and highlighting its promise for early detection and predicting the prognosis of myocardial infarction.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Thygesen, K., Alpert, J. S., Jaffe, A. S., Chaitman, B. R., Bax, J. J., Morrow, D. A. and White, H. D., Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2018, 72(18), 2231–2264; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1038. Macfarlane, P. W., Renaissance in electrocardiography. Lancet, 1999, 353(9162), 1377–1379; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(98)00406-1.
Literature cited 2: Chou, T.-C., When is the vectorcardiogram superior to the scalar electrocardiogram? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 1986, 8(4), 791–799; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(86)80419-3. Macfarlane, P. W. and Lawrie, T. D. V., The normal electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram. In Comprehensive Electrocardiology (eds. Macfarlane, P. W. et al.), Springer London, London, 2010; pp. 483–546; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-046-3_13.

ID: 66412
Title: Risk to resilience: analysing barriers to cyclone vulnerability in coastal Odisha
Author: Subhakanta Mohapatra, Anil Kumar Gupta , Uma Shankar Singh and Rakesh Ranjan Thakur
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (2) 139-145 25 July (2025)
Subject: Risk to resilience: analysing barriers to cyclone vulnerability in coastal Odisha
Keywords: Adaptation, cyclone, resilience, risk, vulnerability.
Abstract: Odisha state is situated in eastern India and has a 480 km long coastline. The coastal belt is one of the most cyclone-vulnerable regions in India. It consists of 22 community development blocks spread across six districts. Nearly one-third of the state’s total population lives in this region. Between 1891 and 2021, the state has been hit by 110 cyclones. Therefore, there is a need for a detailed assessment at the micro-level to identify cyclone vulnerability and risk. Such an assessment would help not only in planning for enhancing resilience to cyclone disasters but also in devising better strategies and adaptive measures. The major objectives of the study are (i) to identify the vulnerability and risk factors that need to be addressed at the community and household levels and (ii) to assess the status of socio-ecological resilience to cyclone vulnerability. Data for the present study were collected from primary as well as secondary sources. Two hundred and six sample households were selected from the cyclone-affected areas by using a stratified random sampling technique. Major factors that made rural households more vulnerable to cyclones were the severity of cyclone damage, income constraints, lack of banking awareness, absence of a market for selling products and loans and migration-driven labour scarcity. These findings would contribute to the understanding of the vulnerability of both space and society in coastal Odisha and thereby suggest strengthening measures to create cyclone resilience.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: OSDMA, State Disaster Management Plan - 2019, Odisha State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, 2019. Mishra, M., Pattnaik, N., Kumar, M., Bhallav, D. and Mishra, S. K., Analyzing trend of tropical cyclone activity along Odisha coast, India. Prog. Disaster Sci., 2020, 100092; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100092.
Literature cited 2: OSDMA, State Disaster Management Plan - 2023, Odisha State Disaster Management Authority, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar, 2023. Sharma, U. and Patwardhan, A., An empirical approach to assessing generic adaptive capacity to tropical cyclone risk in coastal districts of India. Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change, 2008, 13, 819-831.

ID: 66411
Title: Ensuring long-term caprock integrity in carbon capture, utilisation and storage: a comprehensive review of geo-mechanical and monitoring approaches
Author: Mohd Sadiq, Ravi Sharma, Beer Singh Bisht and Manisha Chaudhary
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 129 (2) 129-138 25 July (2025)
Subject: Ensuring long-term caprock integrity in carbon capture, utilisation and storage: a comprehensive review of geo-mechanical and monitoring approaches
Keywords: Climate change, carbon capture utilisation and storage, caprock integrity, environmental impact, geomechanics.
Abstract: Caprock integrity is essential for the successful implementation of carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) technologies, which are pivotal for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels and mitigating climate change. The present study examines the role of caprock in preventing CO2 leakage, methods for assessing and ensuring its integrity and the techniques for monitoring its long-term stability. Caprock, typically composed of low-permeability materials such as shale and/or anhydrite, acts as a barrier to prevent the upward migration of CO2 from the underlying storage reservoirs. The effectiveness of caprock in preventing the leakage is determined by its physical and mechanical properties, including high porosity, low permeability, high mechanical strength and geochemical stability. Case studies from projects like Sleipner and In Salah demonstrate that effective caprock can secure CO2 for extended periods without significant leakage. Different methods are employed to ensure caprock integrity. They include laboratory testing, field experiments and geo-mechanical modelling. Core sampling and laboratory tests provide the data on caprock properties, whereas in situ stress tests and hydraulic fracturing experiments offer insights into the stress distribution and mechanical behaviour of the caprock formations. Numerical models coupled with fluid flow and mechanical deformation simulations predict the impact of CO2 injection on caprock stability. Risk assessment and mitigation strategies, such as optimising injection pressures and using chemical sealants, are essential for reinforcing the caprock integrity. The long-term stability of caprock is critical to the sustainability of CCUS projects. Geochemical models simulate CO2–brine–rock interactions, assessing the impact of geochemical reactions on caprock properties. Advanced monitoring technologies, including seismic surveys, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and fibre optic sensors, provide realtime data on the mechanical and chemical behaviour of caprock. Integrated monitoring programmes from projects like Weyburn-Midale and Otway highlight the importance of comprehensive monitoring and adaptive management strategies. Future research should prioritise the development of advanced models that incorporate complex geo-mechanical and geochemical interactions and enhance real-time monitoring technologies. Policy development should emphasise comprehensive risk assessments, continuous monitoring and international collaboration to ensure the safety and effectiveness of CCUS projects globally.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: . IPCC, Global warming of 1.5°C. An Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (eds Masson-Delmotte, V. et al.), World Meteorological Organization, United Nations Environment Programme, 2018; https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/. Esparza, J., Geomechanical monitoring at CO2 storage sites with distributed fiber optic strain sensing: insights from laboratory and field experiments. In European Geosciences Union Conference, Vienna, Austria, 2023; doi: 10.5194/egusphere-egu23-1507.
Literature cited 2: Alvarez, A. J., Modeling caprock failure during injection in a CO2 capture and storage project using a compositional/geochemical/geomechanical coupled numerical simulation. In SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, 14–15 June 2023, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 2023; doi:10.2118/213135-ms. Shen, X., Liu, H., Lyu, X., You, L. and Zhang, W., CO2 dissolution trapping in depleted gas reservoirs with residual-gas mixtures and bottom water. In SPE EuropEC - Europe Energy Conference, 84th EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, 5–8 June 2023, Vienna, Austria, 2023; doi: 10.2118/214431-ms.