ID: 51037
Title: Effect of nitophenols on growth and heterotrohic nitrification in soil isolates of Aspergillus spp.
Author: P.Madhavi Bharathi, P.Srilatha, M.Revathi and K.Venkateswarlu
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No.(1), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Aspergillus spp., Mycelial growth, Hetertrophic nitrification,Nitrophenols, Toxicity
Abstract: Four nitrophenols ,viz.,p-nitrophenol (PNP), O-nitrophenol (ONP), m-nitrophenol (MNP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP), were assessed for their impact on growth, in terms of mycelial dry weight and heterotrophic nitrification in three species of Aspergillus, isolated from soil. The selected nitrophenols were relatively less toxic toward heterotrophic nitrification mediated by Aspergillus spp.When compared with their toxicity on growth response of these isolates. Of the four nitrophenols, MNP was more toxic towards heterotrophic nitrification. The toxicity of the nitrophenols at effective concentraions (EC) ranging from 60 to 84 towards the three species at the end of 20 days, followed the increasing order: A.flavus> A.tamarii >A.fumigatus.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51036
Title: Deposition of heavy metals on some vegetables and fruits sold in the streets of Nizamabad city, India
Author: K.kiran and M.A.Rafeeq
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No.(1), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Heavy metals, Contamination , Consumers, Tolerable limit
Abstract: Vegetables and fruits are sold on the streets in the shops or by cart pushers along the road sides. Due to deposition of heavy metals on them, adverse effects have been observed on public health. People have been reported to have been suffering from abdominal diseases by consuming these vegetables and fruits. Mostly Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn are the heavy metals deposited on the vegetables and fruits . The values found exceed the permissible limit of WHO.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51035
Title: An integrated approach to Tuna fisheries management in West Africa
Author: Taiwo I.O. , O.A.Olopade, M.O.Ipimoroti and O.Odunaiya
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No.(1), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Joules, HYV seeds, Correlation , Stepwise multiple regression, FYM
Abstract: Tunas have been particularly affected by overfishing and several large tunas such as the Southern Bluefin Tuna and the Northern Bluefin Tuna are on the endangered list. Even though these are cold water tunas and are not found within the West African Maritime territory. Those species found within the Atlantic Ocean of West Africa are also being threatened with extinction. This is because the Distant Water Fishing Nations (DWFNs) having exhausted their stocks come into the West African region to fish what little stock is left. The main tuna species are Skipjack, Yellowfin and Bigeye tuna. Because the tuna fishery is an oceanic fishery , it requires a proper management scheme since tuna fishing cannot take place without impacting the environment, hence the conservation of marine environment should be an integral part of tuna fisheries management . It is of utmost importance for a tuna fisheries management program to consider the environment and its natural variability such as the devastating and beneficial effects of EL Nino phenomenon . This was done by taking into congnisance the role of fishing mortality and the environmental impacts of the fisheries. Tuna as a living renewable marine resource are finite in size and have slow renewal rate thus, their exploitation has to be reasonably managed. With the ineffectiveness of the MSY , all these aspects were linked together within fisheries management to develop an accurate model for the effective management of the tuna fisheries.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51034
Title: Interrelationship between bottom soil nutrients and physico - chemical variables in a fresh water impoundment in Northern Bangladesh
Author: Md.Nurul Alom and M. Zaman
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No.(1), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Interrelationship, Bottom soil, Physico-chemical variables , Freshwater impoundment, Bangladesh
Abstract: The interrelationships between the bottom soil nutrients (i.e. pH, potassium, calcium , magnesium, iron, manganese, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, boron etc.) and the physico-chemical conditions of water (i.e. depth, temperature, transparency, total solid, electrolytic conductivity, pH, carbon-dioxide, bi-carbonate , dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, calcium , magnesium content, total hardness, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphate, oxidation reduction potential , oxidation reduction index and soluble salt) in a large fresh water reservoir in the northern part of Bangladesh has been studied. The bottom soil nutrients and the physico-chemical variables of the water body were found to have positive or negative correlation with each other as revealed by correlation analysis. Contents of the physico-chemical variables of the water did not exceed the ISI and USA limit of drinking water quality standard (DWQS) and irrigation water quality standard (IWQS).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51033
Title: Stand structure and spatial pattern of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa L.) trees in the Guilan forests, North of Iran
Author: Hassan Poorbabaei
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No.(1), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Forest stand structure, Spatial pattern, Distance methods, Basal area, Castanea sativa
Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine forest stand structure and spatial pattern of chestnut trees in the Guilan forests. 68 lozenge sample plots with 2500 m2 area were selectively taken of 9 chestnut sites. In each plot, diameter at breast height of all trees = 10cm and total height of whole trees were measured. To determine spatial pattern, distances of chestnut trees were measured using T-square method. In order to analyze spatial pattern, distance methods of T-square and Byth and Ripley were applied. Results indicated that the highest value of mean tree basal area was in the Malianbar site and its lowest value was in Doroudkhan site. In addition, the highest and the lowest values of mean basal area of chestnut tree was obtained in the Visroud site and in Doroudkhan site, respectively. The highest value of basal area of chestnut dead tree was in the Visroud site and its lowest value was in Malianbar site. The highest percentage of chestnut dead trees (42.11%) was gained in the Doroudkhan site, while its lowest value (5.88%) was in Malianbar site. Number of whole trees per hectare and its height curves based on diameter breast height (DBH) were plotted, indicating that trees have irregular and uneven - aged structure. The spatial pattern of chestnut trees was found random in Galehroudkhan, uniform in the Kishkhaleh and clumped in the Shafaround, Visroud, Malelab, Doroudkhan, Siagmazgi and Malianbar sites.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51032
Title: Fuel wood scarcity: Women ' s perception, experience and adaptation strategies in Gwagwalada area council, Nigeria
Author: S.Ishaya and Grace J.Maisamari
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No.(1), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Fuelwood, Scarcity, Perception, Experience, Adaptation Strategies
Abstract: Increased levels of fuelwood demands have resulted in an increase of scarcity cause by consistent disappearance of vegetal cover where the fuelwood is obtained. In this study women perception fuelwood scarcity, experience and adaptation strategies is being studied this is because women perception is very significant in planning and management of fuelwood because in this area they are more directly involve in the use and harvesting. This paper studied six different villages in Gwagwalada Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. Women were requested,through a survey , to provide various information on their perception of the scarcity of fuelwood, experiences and their adaptation strategies to situations. That majority of women in the all settlements opine that fuelwood is the major source of energy, recently more of their time is being taking away in search of fuelwood reducing the time they put into farming activities, the vegetation cover in the study area has been exploited of its natural plants due to fuelwood harvest and this remain one of the most exploited of the forest resources. Recently efficient stoves are being used mostly by those who use charcoal for cooking, in recent times women and children have to walk longer distance to get fuelwood. Energy in the study area is being stored in form of charcoal for use to enable them reserved the fetched fuelwood for money or in some cases sale. In a way of adapting women have to use plants straws and other plants for fuelwood. Artificial plants not native of this area are now planted to supplement the natural plants. Findings also shows that there is no differences in all the reponses b respondents all the villages studied on their opinion on fuelwood scarcity and adaptation strategies at 0.05 and 0.01 alpha levels.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51031
Title: Evaluation SWAP model in paddy field under irrigation management
Author: Ebrahim Amiri
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No.(1), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Rice, simulation, water flow, Biomass, Calibration
Abstract: The SWAP model was evaluated against a data set of four irrigation management, the study was laid out in RCBD and 3 replications for one popular traditional landrace Hashemi carried out in 2005 at Rice Research Insitute of Iran, Rasht. The irrigation management was I1 with continuous irrigation while 12, 13 and 14 were irrigation 1,3 and 5 days after water disappearance of ponded water. SWAP model simulate of water flow. To calculate soil water flow, SWAP employs Richard ' s equation for soil water movement in the soil matrix. Measurements of the soil water content were taken using TDR for 4 water management. For evaluation model are compared simulated and measured soil water content, leaf area index (LAI) and biomass of panicles and total aboveground biomass by absolute and normalized root mean square errors (RMSE). On average, RMSE of model were 501-736 kg ha-1for total biomass, 148-364 kg ha-1 for panicle biomass, and 0.47-0.62 cm 2 cm -2 for LAI. The model simulated LAI generally exceeded measured values. The root mean square eror (RMSE) range of soil water content was 0.016-0.062 cm3 cm-3 and normalized root mean square errors (RMSEn) was 3-6%.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51030
Title: An Assessment of the extent of pollution by the effluent water coming out from cement factory
Author: Parminder Kaur
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 27 (4) : 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Physico-chemical parameters, effluent water, assessment, hazardous, water quality
Abstract: The effluent generated by cement factory ACC Jamul , near light industrial area, Bhilai Dist. Durg (C.G.) is highly organic in nature. The samples were collected in winter season from different sites near the factory. Site S1 near the factory where the effluent enters a river Site S2, 5 km away from the site S1 and site S3 , 2 km away from site S2.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51029
Title: Precipitation chemistry at an urban area of Karnataka, India (2005-2007)
Author: B.C.Nagendra Prasad, G.S. Munawar Pasha and G.P.Shivashankara
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 27 (4) : 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Statistical analysis, precipitaion chemistry, urban area, pH, acid rain, neutralizing ions
Abstract: Bulk precipitation display the combined effects of all water soluble components of precipitation. Dust from the earth ' s surface is commonly assumed to be alkaline; it is commonly reported in the literature as a constituent of the atmosphere and of precipitation. Alkaline earth cations in precipitation are typically attributed to such sources as "soil dust", "terrestrial dust" and "crystal dust".Specific sources include soil, from which wind erosion and filling operations and also impaved roads, from which dust is raised by vehicle traffic. Most results indicate that terrestrial sources account for up to 30% of the mass or equivalent of precipitation impurities. Study on urban precipitation should be conducted using number of sampling stations, since a single sampling site is biased by its proximity to its pollution source. The study includes Bangalore, Mysore and Mandya urban area of karnataka. Since 1995 bulk precipitation samples have been collected. Data from these studies are used to analyze the long term trends in the major chemical constitutes of precipitation. Significantly increasing trends were observed for SO2-4 and NO3- which could be attributed due to the rise in industrial and vehicular activities during this period. Soil is considered as the main source of Ca2+ and industrial pollution the main source of SO2-4 . The pH of Bulk Precipitation decreases from 6.61 alkaline (1974-1984) to 5.07 acidic (2005-2006), due to the dominance of acidic species. The decreasing of pH in the precipitation of the city could be because of SO2-4 and NO3- ions. NH4+ and Ca2+ were acting as neutralizing ions or in the absence of these ions; the pH reduction of bulk precipitation may be much faster towards acidic range. Bangalore city ' s bulk precipitation was not influenced by marine components, since the city is far away from oceans. The study established through statistical analysis, that positive correlation coefficient between H+ and SO2-4 and H + and NO3- in the bulk precipitation samples of the city. Hence the study established that the Bangalore atmosphere is dominated by acidic species throughout the study period. The decreasing trend of pH in the precipitation in the city may be attributed to local emissions of SO2 and NOx from urban activities. The study showed that the volume weighted mean pH of bulk precipitation at Bangalore urban area was 5.07 (2005-06) and 4.93 (2006-07), which was acidic in nature and pH value of bulk precipitation in Mysore urban area was 5.91 and 5.81 and in Madhya urban area was 6.11 and 6.00, which were in alkaline in nature, as these regions are influenced by neutralizing ions such as Ca2+ and NH4+ .
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51028
Title: Level of Gagan River water pollution in and around Moradabad
Author: D.K.Sinha and Navneet Kumar
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 27 (4) : 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Pollution, Physico-chemical parameters, Solids, DO, BOD and COD
Abstract: Gagan river water at ten different sites in and around Moradabad were collected and analysed quantitatively following standard methods for twenty two physico-chemical parameters. The estimated values were compared with water quality standards. The river water is found to be severely polluted with reference to these analysed parameters. One sample was collected from Bann river before mixing up with Gagan river.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51027
Title: Applicability of liquid ion exchange to alum recovery from pulp and paper industry sludge
Author: Atul .K.Sthapak, D.J.Killedar and A.G.Bhole
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 27 (4) : 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Alum, Sludge, Flocculation, Economy, Recovery
Abstract: In India, where water and other mineral resources are meagre compared to the population to be served, every effort is needed to conserve the natural resources both qualitatively as well as quantitatively. It is possible to accomplish this task by recovery and reuse of alum form sludge and utilize in the tertiary treatment of Shriniwas Fibre wastewater treatment plant. In this paper, results of laboratory experiments for the recovery of alum sludge obtained from the tertiary treatment of effluent collected from Shriniwas Fibre wastewater treatment plant after grab sampling. The effluent having suspended colloidal impurities. The alum used was G/R grade aluminium sulphate.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51026
Title: Hydrobiological studies of Ulhas River, Thane District (M.S.),India, at various stations
Author: R.S.Lokhande, D.N.Shinde, S.W.Kulkarni, Prashant Lohani, Vijay Ghodvinde and Sunita Gangele
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 27 (4) : 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Seasonal-variation, Ulhas river, Physico-chemical parameters, urbanisation, pollution
Abstract: The study was carried out for a period of twelve months. The physico-chemical parameters such as temperature of water, pH, DO, alkalinity , hardness, chloride, Ecoli, BOD, sulphate, COD, total dissolved solids were evaluated at different stations. The work would be helpful to develop the strategy for keeping these resources free from pollution and keeping water quality suitable for necessary uses.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51025
Title: Studies on physico-chemical characteristics of water of the wetlands in Kaziranga National Park, Assam
Author: J.Bharali, B.K.Baruah and H.P.Sarma
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 27 (4) : 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Kaziranga National Park, wetlands, Water quality
Abstract: This communication deals with the physico-chemical characteristics of water of the wetlands in Kaziranga National Park, Assam. Seven perennial wetlands, frequently visited by wildlife, were selected for the study. Thirteen water quality parameters were analysed and the values were found well within the permissible limit, indicating suitability and sustainability of wetlands for aquatic organisms and wildlife.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51024
Title: Assessment of the quality of collected raw milk by identifying the sources of introduction, types of microflora and minimization factors in Saras Diary, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India
Author: J.P.Gupta
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 27 (4) : 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Rawmilk, Microflora, Processing unit, Transit, Culture, Hygiene
Abstract: An investigation was carried out to assess the sources and types of microflora viz., bacteria, fungi and algae in the raw milk collected by Saras dairies collection centres as well as the process unit especially in Bhilwara, Rajasthan. In one year study two main sources were identified, firstly on the farm include the udder, hay, manure, soil, air and water. The second source of contamination of raw milk was the transit and processing unit involve the cans, piplines, handlers, insect etc. The types of microflora were identified by using various practices revealed the presence of 7 bacterial, 8 fungal and 6 algal genera in the collected raw milk samples from various sources. Among bacteria, Pseudomonas and Coliforms, Aspergillus among fungi and Oscillatoria among algae were dominant genera recorded from 6 various sources like hay, manure, soil, water, equipments and udder. A number of microbial growth minimization measures are required to gear up in the quality of raw milk. As the initial quality of milk produced at farm is paramount because it forcasts the final products quality at par, which can ensure the survivility of Saras dairy in comparision to other dairies in the present scenario.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51023
Title: Groundwater quality of Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh, India, a 11 year study
Author: O.P.Bansal
Editor: Dr. R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2008
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 27 (4) : 2008
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Pollution Research
Keywords: Groundwater,pesticides, heavy metals, Aligarh district
Abstract: Groundwater from 15 centres from different areas of Aligarh district used for irrigation, domestic and canals were collected bimontly from January 1996 to December 2006 and analysed for pesticides , heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Cd, Pb and Ni) and nutrients. The results indicate that pH, alkalinity, NO3-, F-, PO43-, Cl-, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni increased continuosly during the period of study. The results also denote that upto the year 2000 the alkalinity, NO3-, F-, PO43-, Cl-, Zn, Ni , Cu, Fe and Pb were within the permissible limit while Cr and Cu were at threshold level . After year 2000, F-, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cr and Cd became beyond permissible limit. The concentration of heavy metals was found higher in domestic wells than in irrigation wells. Pesticides viz.,2,4-D, Malathion , parathion, Aldrin/dieldrin in studied groundwater sample were within the recommended limits upto year 2000 while concentrations of HCH and DDT was found beyond the permissible limit. These studies also found that the amount of DDT, HCH in irrigation wells became almost constant after year 2002. During these studies it was also found that concentration of 2,4 -D became beyond permissible limit after 2001. Results of these studies also denote that concentration of nutrients, heavy metals and pesticides decreased with increase in depth of wells.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None