ID: 51217
Title: Protected trees in the forests of Uttarakhand
Author: V.K.Dhawan, S.R.Joshi and Isha Rana
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, July 2008, No 7
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Protected Trees, Preservation Plots, Global Warming, Biotic Pressure
Abstract: Hundreds of trees are protected as living natural monuments and are associated with wisdom and immortality in India. In Uttarakhand, some trees hold special cultural and religious significance like people, banyan, mango etc. It was at the International Forestry Conference at Rome in 1926 that Protection of Natural Features was discussed. In 1929 Sir H.G. Champion, Silviculturist, Forest Research Institute mooted the idea of preservation of elite trees along with establishment of Preservation Plots and resolution No. 22 was passed. In 1951 Seth distinguished 3 types of preservation plots. By the time the country became independent, the subject of Protected trees appeared to have fallen into neglect. In 1958, Bhandran, however, gave the first comprehensive account of Giant Trees of India including trees girth of more than 100 inches at breast height. The growth of trees depends on many factors like seed origin/parent material, inheritance characters, edaphic, climatic etc. Growth of trees has found to be more in Tropical Wet evergreen / Semi evergreen forests than trees in other forest type. In 2007-08, authors from Silvicultural Division of Forest Research Institute have visited Preservation Plots of Uttarakhand and adjoining Shiwalik forests of Uttar Pradesh and surveyed Protected Trees which still have markings on their stem. Fresh enumeration was also done at sites and presented in the present paper. It was concluded from the study that due to global warming and intense biotic pressure, regeneration has found to be abnormal. Increased biotic pressure threatened some existing species. There is need to examine the causal inhibitor factors responsible for establishment of regeneration and elimination of some species.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51216
Title: Treatment of green round Bamboos with and without boring by pressure treatment and alternate pressure method (APM)
Author: Ram Lal, Ajmal Samani and Sadhna Tripathi
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, July 2008, No 7
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Bamboo, Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa nutans, Preservation, Protection, Preservatives, Pressure treatment, Alternate Pressure Method (APM)
Abstract: Bamboos are versatile material for countless applicaions. Their wider user for construction is encouraged because of growing scarcity of timbers. Since it has a very low natural durability, protection against biological degradation is of vital importance for long-term services. Protective measures without chemicals are preferable, but often limited in their effectiveness. For using preservatives, the restricted permeability of culms tissue, choice of preservative and treatment method and environmental effects as well as economical aspects have to be considered. Treatment of Dendrocalamus strictus and Bambusa nutans in green round form with holes revealed higher retentions of copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) than bamboo without holes by Alternate pressure method. Lower retentions were recorded in both the species treated by full cell process.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51215
Title: Economics of biofertilizer application on production of planting propagules of teak in a commercial nursery
Author: R.K.Verma, Jamaluddin, V.S.Dadwal and A.K.Thakur
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, July 2008, No 7
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Teak propagules, Commercial nursery, Biofertilizer application, Economics
Abstract: Effect of application of biofertilizers, Azospirillum, phosphate-solubilising bacteria (PSB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi was studied in a factorial experiment on production of planting propagules (stumps) of teak in nursery. Seed germination was maximum in Azospirillum treatment followed by its combination with AM and PSB after two months. Maximum height of seedlings was recorded in AM + Azospirillum, AM + PSB and AM + PSB + Azospirillum combination after five months. Diameter of seedlings at collar region was maximum in AM, AM + Azospirillum and AM + Azospirillum + PSB combiantions. The economics of biofertilizer application is also worded out. Application of biofertilizers increase the number of stumps produced per bed as well as the diameter of stumps. Therefore, an artificial profit index was calculated combinig the both parameters to infer the real benefit of biofertilizers application. Based on the profit index application of AM fungi along with Azospirillum was found the best treatment to produce quality planting propagules of teak in a commercial nursery.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51214
Title: Initial performance of tissue culture raised bamboos in Rajasthan and Gujarat
Author: R.L.Srivastava, Ashok Kumar, S.K.Sharma, C.J.S.K.Emmanuel and U.K.Tomar
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, July 2008, No 7
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Bamboo plantations, Dendrocalamus strictus, Bambusa bambos, Productivity, Tissue culture, Rajasthan, Gujarat
Abstract: Keeping in view the low productivity of forestry plantations in Rajasthan and Gujarat, an effort has been initiated to enhance the productivity of bamboo plantations using improved planting material raised either through clonal methods or through tissue culture. These trials have been established at Chakhalia, Jhalod (Gujarat); Kushalgarh (Rajasthan). In total 50 ha area has been covered under these specialty plantations, the bamboo species considered for planting are Dendrocalamus strictus and Bambusa bambos. In these performance trials some experimentation were also laid out to see the effect of soil amelioration using organic and inorganic manures and effect of spacing on the growth and productivity of the bamboo plantations. The spacing used are 5m x 5m and 6m x 6m. The initial establishment ' s results are quite encouraging in both the states. In Gujarat survival percentage ranges from 97.2% to 100.0% for both the species whereas in Rajasthan sites it was 67.6% to 96.8% (Kushalgarh). The differences observed in the survival percentage may be due to altitudinal variations as the altitude of Gujarat site is 259 m amsl whereas it was 457.20 m amsl for Rajasthan sites. The overall growth performance of both the species is quite satisfactory. Initial inferences can be drawn from these trials is that bamboos can be introduced in both the states in Agroforestry systems.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51213
Title: Evaluation of Provenances for Seedling Growth and Biomass Attributes in Azadirachta indica A.Juss
Author: Avinash Jain and Pranav Dhar
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, July 2008, No 7
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Provenances, Evaluation, Seedling growth, Biomass attributes
Abstract: Fifteen provenances of Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) were selected from 12 agroclimatic zones of Central India (Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa) for the study. Phenotypically superior trees from each provenance were selected on the basis of morphological characteristics. Seeds from these superior trees were collected, depulped, washed and sown in nursery beds. The growth of seedlings after six months of seed sowing was measured including parameters like shoot length, collar diameter, length of tap root, number of leaves and number of tertiary roots. Above-ground, underground and total biomass of the seedlings were also measured including fresh weights of shoot, leaves, secondary roots and tap root. A suitability index was worked out on the basis of height, collar diameter and total biomass of the seedlings. On the basis of the relative suitability score, Sundergarh provenance was found as the most superior provenance, followed by Sihore, Bargi and Damoh.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51212
Title: Fuelwood, Fodder and Livestock Status in a Himalayan Watershed in Mussoorie Hills (Uttarakhand, India)
Author: Ram Chandra, Prafulla Soni and Vinay Yadav
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, July 2008, No 7
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Livestock, Fodder, Fuelwood, Watershed status, Mussoorie Hills, Uttarakhand
Abstract: In the hill areas, the traditional systems of dependence on forest usufructs like fuel for their households and fodder for their livestock has an important bearing on the status of Himalayan watersheds. The population of livestock is therefore also significant. The fuel and fodder requirements of the hill people are important routine activities for which women/children spend long hours of their day-to-day life. But this regular collection of the fuel and fodder from the different land use categories in close proximity of villages. These activities have been an important factor for causing soil erosion, low fertility of the land and other degradation processes. The situation is further aggravated if animals are not stall -fed but are allowed to graze.To assess these scenarios, a comparative study of the ten villages in Arnigad Watershed, Mussoorie (Uttarakhand) has been done. The results of this study provide a macro view of the societal dependence on the different land use categories in the watershed with reference to fuel, fodder consumption and livestock scenario in the individual villages as well as the watershed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51211
Title: Wood micro-structural studies of Indian Rutaceae Part I : Tribe Clauseneae
Author: Nisha Bhardwaj and Sangeeta Gupta
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, July 2008, No 7
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Clausenea, Glycosmis, Micromelum, Murraya and wood anatomy
Abstract: The present study deals with the detailed wood anatomy of the 8 Indian species of 4 genera viz. Micromelum Bl., Glycosmis correa, Clausenea Burm. and Murraya Linn. belonging to the tribe Clauseneae of the family Rutaceae. The results are summarized in the tables and identification key has been developed for the separation of all the 8 species of this tribe. Photomicrographs have been given for the diagnostic features. The woods of this tribe are used for carving, turnery and mathematical instruments. The wood anatomical parameters suggest that the tribe Clauseneae is a homogeneous tribe characterized by diffuse porous woods; growth ring distinct due to marginal bands of parenchyma; simple perforation plate; coalescent aperture in few vessels; fibres non-septate. Almost all type of parenchyma are covered these species. Rays homogeneous to heterogeneous. Prismatic crystals are present in fibres of Glycosmis winitii, Clausena excavata, Murraya paniculata and Murraya koenigii. Crystals in rays are present in all the species except Clausena excavata and C. lansium. Crystals in parenchyma present in all the genera. Silica bodies occurs in parenchyma in only one species Murraya koenigii and in fibres in Clausena excavata and Murraya koenigii. New reports include coalescent aperture in the entire family. Crystals in fibres of Murraya; crystals in chambered parenchyma of Glycosmis; silica bodies in parenchyma of Murraya koenigii; silica bodies in fibres of Clausena excavata and Murraya koenigii. These features are reported for the first time in this tribe.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51210
Title: Role of a scared grove in conservaion of plants
Author: R.K.Bhakat, U.K.Sen and P.K.Pandit
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, July 2008, No 7
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Scared grove, Conservation, Sitabala than, West Midnapore, West Bengal
Abstract: Many traditional conservation ethics of people directly or indirectly protect forest patches by dedicating them to local deities. Such forest pockets, referred to as scared groves, are more or less small to large chunk of traditionally maintained near-virgin forests protected on socio-cultural grounds. Named differently in different states of India, these groves are mainly concentrated in tribal areas and managed by local people for various purposes. Irrespective of their origin, size and management regimes, all scared are islands of biodiversity protecting a host of plant and animal species including some rare and threatened taxa. With this background, this paper attempts to highlight the role played by a 4-acre scared grove (popularly known as ' Sitabala than ' ) of West Midnapore District in West Bengal towards conservation of plant diversity. The study records 80 species of angiosperms covering 42, 10, 16 and 12 species of herbs, shrubs, trees and climbers respectively. Moreover, the grove supports few locally useful medicinal plants. Owing to protection offered on socio-religious grounds, the scared grove provides optimum conditions congenial for the growth of plants. As a result, some of the tress attain maximum in terms of size and growth patterns. Therefore, there is an urgent need not only to protect the sacred forest, but also to revive and reinvent such traditional way of nature conservations.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51209
Title: Impact of cultural operations on the production of new culms in Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees in Uttarakhand
Author: S.T.S. Lepcha, N.S. Bisht, C.J. Singh and Vimal Dhiman
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, July 2008, No 7
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Dendrocalamus strictus, New culms, Cultural operations, Uttarakhand
Abstract: An experiment was conducted in the bamboo areas of Dehra Dun and Lansdowne Forest Divisions to assess the impact of felling and cultural operations on the production of new culms in D.strictus. Felling was carried out as per the prescription of Working Plan. It was observed that the production of new culms increased substantially at the sites where felling was undertaken. However, mulching with soil after carrying out felling did not produce better results at Giwain where overhead shade was more. The results of these experiments have been discussed in detail in the present paper.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51208
Title: Development of new technique of vegetative propagation for tree species
Author: Peer Zada Ishtiyak and Lokho Puni
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, May 2008, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Vegetative propagation, gestation period, techniques
Abstract: Propagation of plants has been a fundamental occupation of mankind, perhaps since the dawn of civilization. Today with vast knowledge accumulated on the subject like invention of glass houses in the nineteenth century and more recently the discovery of root inducing chemicals and mist propagation have brought a revolution to these techniques (Rawat et al., 1994). Besides tissue culture techniques, a number of techniques for vegetative propagation of tree species are being used viz; vegetative cutting, layering, grafting or budding etc. to reduce the vegetative phase or gestation period of certain plant species. However, a number of flora, especially the tree species, do not respond well to the available techniques. Different methods of propagation for economically important tree species which will reduce shorter gestation or harvesting period are required to be developed further but they have been scarce. Tree species especially the medicinal trees are in general over-exploited due to the heavy demand by pharmaceutical industries. Many species are difficult to multiply or it takes long time to reach harvestable age. There is requirement to reduce the exploitable age through any new technique. For example, in Saraka asoca (Ashok) the tree attains exploitable age only after 10-15 years of planting; Santalum album (Chandan) 30-60 years; Commiphora wightii 8-10 years etc. Gestation period need to be reduced so as to make them available for the market demand.
The interim gain of a successful tree improvement depends on large scale afforestation with clonal planting stock. There are however, certain limitations with the available vegetative propagation techniques. Plant species vary in their ability to regenerate vegetatively, namely, through cuttings layers, grafting or budding (Rawat et al., 1994). Amongst the various methods of vegetation propagation, shoot cuttings is the most effective method where as in certain trees like Melia composita shoot cuttings gave least results at rooting (Luna and Kumar, 2006).
Method of vegetative propagation through air layers is very old , in India, mainly for propagating fruit trees (Kadambi and Dabral, 1954). The inconveniences to layering are mainly the slow and cumbersome method of propagation. Grafts are likely to become top heavy and the pressure exerted by wind against a graft is greatest at the point where the stock and scion meet. Budding also is a form of grafting in which only the buds at one node of a scion are inserted in a stock. While transferring the budding material it is liable to mechanical injury and the system injured branch is prone to disease and pest attack (Guy and Brison, 1955). There is always threat of fungal infection which may result in death of the branch or even the whole tree.
The available methods of vegetative propagation techniques therefore, have certain limitations and constraints. In tree species, phenolic substances leach out from cut surface inhibit root initiation, as is seen in case of Rhododendrons, particularly when explants are taken from mature trees (Tiwari and Chauhan, 2006). There is certainly a requirement to have better techniques which will surpass such inconveniences, easy to apply, cost effective and convenient to adopt.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51207
Title: New record of seed pest, Cryptorhynchus indicus motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Humboldtia vahliana Wight
Author: P.A. Jose, N.Mohanan and A. Hussain
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, May 2008, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51206
Title: Standardization of method and time of grafting for mass multiplilcation of thornless black locust (Robinia pseudacacia L.)
Author: Manoj Kumar Thakur and Rajesh Chauhan
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, May 2008, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Robinia, Himalayas, drought, air pollutants,grafting
Abstract: Robinia is an important agroforestry tree species of the temperate North-Western Himalayas. The tree finds its place in both wet and dry areas because of its wide range of adaptability to temperature (-7o to 32oC), altitude (500 to 3,000m amsl) and various soil types. It is a nitrogen fixing leguminous tree, native to South-eastern North America, but also naturalized in the temperate regions of North America, Europe and Asia. It is a fast growing tree resistant to many environmental stresses (low and high temperature, drought, air pollutants) and tolerant to low fertility soils (Hanover, 1990), having multipurpose uses e.g.suitable for lumber, poles, fuel, land reclamation, bee keeping, forage and wood fiber (Barbett et al., 1990). However, the stipules on the branches restrict its palatability and lopping to a greater extent. Moreover, it is difficult to root by vegetative means. To overcome these problems studies were carried out to standardize method and time of grafting for mass multiplication of thornless plants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51205
Title: Studies on vacuum press drying of Populus deltoides
Author: Kishan Kumar V.S., Sachin Gupta and C.M.Sharma
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, May 2008, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Populus deltoides, Drying behaviour, Vacuum press
Abstract: Studies were taken up on one-inch thick samples of Populus deltoides to understand its drying behaviour under vacuum press drying. The experiment was conducted under eight different vacuum levels and temperature combinations. The results were analysed to understand which combination gives maximum drying rates in terms of moisture content reduction in various MC ranges. It was found that the samples could be dried to less than 15% MC levels from 90% MC levels effectively in two steps. No serious drying degrades were observed in the samples in spite of taking them through different drying cycles.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51204
Title: Community structure and diversity of a moist deciduous forest in Uttar Pradesh
Author: Ruchi Upadhyay, Jaswant Singh and Bajrang Singh
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, May 2008, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Community structure, Diversity, Moist Deciduous forest, Tikri, Gonda District, Uttar Pradesh
Abstract: The present study was undertaken in a moist deciduous forest of Indo-Gangetic plain to assess the species structure, population abundance and distribution pattern, regeneration status, diversity and dominance. Three sites selected on the basis of the disturbance gradient showed sequential differences in analytic characters. Population density decreased from 82 ha-1 from site I to 486 ha-1 in site III, where as basal area enhanced from 6.8 m2 ha-1 to 62.2 m2 ha-1 correspondingly. Diversity index and species richness were highest for inner undisturbed site III. Distribution pattern of various growth forms showed mostly the contagious distribution. Population structure of common trees showed poor regeneration and a non-linear reduction in girth distribution pattern with increasingly diameter classes. Mostly forage grasses were found in open forest (site I) whereas ground flora mainly consisted of medicinal herbs in the undisturbed dense forest (site III).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51203
Title: Selection of potential isolates of Pisolithus albus on growth improvement of Eucalyptus tereticornis
Author: Ayswarya Radhakrishnan, Manoranjan Bhanja, V.Mohan and Srinivasa Sastry
Editor: Dr V.R.R.Singh
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Indian Forester, Vol 134, May 2008, No 5
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Forestry
Keywords: Ectomycorrhizal fungi, Pisolithus albus, Potential isolates, Growth improvement, Eucalyptus tereticornis, clones
Abstract: In the present investigation, 6 different isolates of P.albus collected from 6 different Eucalyptus plantations zones of Andhra Pradesh viz., Anantapur (isolate-1), Tirupati (isolate-2), Kavali (isolate-3), Paloncha (isolate-4), Tirumala (isolate-5) and Achutapuram (isolate-6) were applied to clonal plantlets of Eucalyptus tereticornis in order to determine the effect of each isolate on the growth improvement of the plants. In this study, the treatments with the fungus recorded significantly greater plant height, root length, shoot and root biomass and collar diameter over uninoculated (control) plantlets. The maximum growth of plants of Clone 2 was recorded in the treatment with Isolate-5. In Clone 1 better growth performances was observed when inoculated with Isolates 1,3 and 5. Similarly, Isolates 1,2 and 5 improved the growth parameters of Clone 3. Least growth was recorded in the plants treated with Isolates 4 and 6 but it had significantly better growth than the untreated control plants.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None