ID: 51382
Title: Airborne remote sensing of spatiotemporal change (1955-2004) in indigenous and exotic forest cover in the Taita Hills, Kenya
Author: Petri K.E. Pellikka, Milla Lotjonen, Mika Siljander, Luc Lens
Editor: Alfred Stein
Year: 2009
Publisher: Elsevier ,Vol. 11 , issue 4, August 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation
Keywords: Tropical forest, Land cover changes, Biodiversity, Airborne remote sensing, GIS, East Africa
Abstract: We studied changes in area and species composition of six indigenous forest fragments in the Taita Hills, Kenya using 1955 and 1995 aerial photography with 2004 airborne digital camera mosaics. The study area is part of Eastern Arc Mountains, a global biodiversity hot spot that boasts an outstanding diversity of flora and fauna and a high level of endemism. While a total of 260 ha (50%) of indigenous tropical cloud forest was lost to agriculture and bushland between 1955 and 2004, large-scale planting of exotic pines, eucalyptus, grevillea, black wattle and cypress on barren land during the same period resulted in a balanced total forest area. In the Taita Hills, like in other Afrotropical forests, indigenous forest loss may adversely affect ecosystem services.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51381
Title: Elevated Levels of Rare Earths from Sewage Plant attached to Hospital Complex
Author: Pillay A.E., Williams J.R., Khan T., Al Saidi Sand Yaghi B.
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Rare earths, treated sewage water, hospital effluent
Abstract: A preliminary ICP-MS investigation of potable and treated sewage water (TSW) showed that the rare earths were present at levels up to 20 ?g/L in TSW (20 mg per ton of TSW); whilst nothing was detected in the potable water samples. A total of 12 samples were studied and the analytical performance of the ICP-MS system (detection limit 0.001 ?g/L for rare earths) produced relative errors of <10% in general. TSW samples (IL each) were collected at a site fed from a hospital sewage plant. Our study showed that TSW originating from this particular source could be considered a useful source of rare earths and from this perspective our research is significant. Human waste from hospitals could contain elevated levels of rare earths, and the feasibility of extracting rare earths from TSW of this nature is discussed.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51380
Title: An Ecological Viewpoint on the Variations of Water Temperature, Salinity, Conductivity, pH and Dissolved Oxygen during a 45-minute Tidal Outflow at a Small Tropical Estuary
Author: Yap C.K
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Tropical Estuary, Ecology, Tidal Outflow, Variations.
Abstract: The study of ecology includes have a living organism interacts with its surrounding which includes living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) components. KTBatu of Pahang is a pristine recreationsl rocky shore , located in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Therefore, this allows study on the natural variation of physico-chemical parameters more effective with minimal anthropogenic impact.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51379
Title: Exterior Surface Functionalization or Zeolite pelletization to enlarge capturing of Anionic Solutes
Author: Chmielewska E. and Peterlik H
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Zeolites, pelletization, nanotechnology, charcoal, pollution
Abstract: The nanotechnology resolution affects many areas of science including chemistry and chemical engineering since 1970, when enormous advances in the synthesis, characteri-zation and clarifying of high surface area materials have taken place. Development and commercial use of methods like sol-gel synthesis, chemical vapor deposition or laser induced sputtering allowed manufacturing of new advanced and highly efficient materials including porous adsorbents, at laboratory and commercial scale. In addition, characterization of these novel materials was being revolutionized by an availability of new analytical and high resolution microscopic instruments such as SAXS, HR TEM, STM, AFM and many others.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51378
Title: Effect of Cross Linking Agents on the Formation and Properties of Nanopolymer Composites of Chitosan
Author: Sudha P.N. and Kanchana V
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Nano chitosan, methyl cellulose, cross-linking agents, thermal stability
Abstract: Composite materials combine and maintain two or more distinct phases to produce a material that has properties for superior than either of the base materials. Nanoparticles made of chitosan, a naturally occuring polymer isolated from crab and shrimp shells, have shown to be promising as carriers of anticancer drugs, antitumor genes and other novel therapeutic agents. Cross-linking agents improve the properties of polymers and their products. Hence in the present work nanochitosan was prepared using polyphosphoric acid and composites of nanochitosan were prepared with methyl cellulose in the presence of two different cross- linking agents. The two composites were analyzed for their thermal stability. Glutaraldehyde cross-linked nano chitosan methyl cellulose showed higher thermal stability than formaldehyde cross-linked nano chitosan composite.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51377
Title: Physico-Chemical Studies of Pd (II), Pt (II) and Zr (IV) Chelates with p-chloroisonitroso Acetophenone (p-clinap)
Author: Raut R. D., Chaudhari M.D and Yadao Anupkumar
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: p-chloroisonatroosoacetophenone, complexes of Zr (IV), palladium (II), platinum (II) dimagemtic
Abstract: Synthesis and characterisation of Pd (II), Pt (II) and Zr(IV) complexes with ligand p-Chloroisonitrosoacetophenone (p-ClINAP) are reported. The complexes of formula Pd ( IMAP)2 , Pt ( IMAP)2 , Zr (IMAP)3 have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic data, electronic spectra etc. and their possible structures are discussed. The diamagnetic nature of Zr(IV) complex indicates ocatahedral geometry while the diamagnetic and spectral features of the Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes suggested square planer geometry.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51376
Title: Impact of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil on Population of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
Author: Arora Neena V., Maini Pramila and Shukla N.P
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Soil, nitrogen fixing bacteria, organic carbon, pH, electrical conductivity
Abstract: Physico-chemical properties of soil play a very important role in growth and survival of nitrogen fixing bacteria. Four soil samples [black, yellow, sandy and red soil] were collected from different parts of Madhya Pradesh region having different colour and different physico chemical properties. These soils were analyzed for soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content. For a living organism to exist in soil, the environmental conditions should be ideal. The highest population of Rhizobium bacteria was found in black soil sample having high organic carbon content while sandy soil was found rich in Azotobacter bacteria. The lowest population of nitrogen fixing bacteria was recorded in red soil which may be due to low pH and high available nitrogen content.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51375
Title: Effect of Hydrotropes as Media for Reactions between 1,3-cyclic diketone and Aromatic Aldehydes
Author: Maharao Anagha, Babar Mahesh and Patil Pratibha
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Hydrotropes, 5,5-dimethyl-1-1,3-cyclo-hexanedione, Sodium isobutyl benzene sulphonate, Sodium para toluene sulphonate, Sodium Cumene Sulphonate, Solubilization
Abstract: In this paper, a reaction between 1,3-cyclic diketone and aldehydes is studied in 3 different hydrotropes at various concentrations and temperatures to yield bismethones. An increase in the temperature and concentration of the hydrotropes resulted in an enhancement of the yield. The recyclibility of the hydrotropes gave comparative yields with same chromatographic purity.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51374
Title: Study of inclusion complexes of Acridone and its thiosemicarbazone derivative with ?-cyclodextrin
Author: Nayak Swapna Sankar and Panda Sunakar
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Acridone, Inclusion complex, ?-cyclodextrin, phase solubility, Thermodynamic stability
Abstract: Acridone scaffold is an important pharmacophore for the designing of several chemotherapeutic agents. Acridone has been prepared starting from N-phenylanthranilic acid and acridone thiosemicarbazone derivative has been prepared by the nucleophilic addition of thiosemicarbazide with acridone. Both acridone and its derivatives being insoluable in polar medium, may have poor pharmacological activity. In order to enhance bio-accessibility of these drugs, the inclusion complexes of acridone and its derivative have been prepared with ?-cyclodextrin. The spectral characteristics (UV-Vis, FTIR) of these compounds have been studied with and without inclusion complex formation. The phase solubility studies reveal 1:1 stoichiometry between guest (acridone and its derivatives) and host (?-cyclodextrin). The determination of thermodynamic stability constants indicates weak intermolecular forces between the compounds and ?-cyclodextrin. The thermodynamic parameters ?G, ?H, ?S of the complexes have been calculated. The values of ?G and ?H Suggest that complex formation is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Further higher negative value of ?H than ?S indicates the dominance of enthalpy factor over entropy factor during complex formation.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51373
Title: Removal of Cr (VI) by a Low Cost Adsorbent prepared from Alternanthera bettzichiana (Regel) Nicols Plant Material
Author: Patil A.K.and Shrivastava V.S
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Adsorption, Cr(VI), low-cost adsorption, aqueous solution, Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm, adsorption kinetics
Abstract: The Alternanthera bettzichiana (Regel) Nicols plant material (ABPM) were used as low cost, easily available and renewable adsorbent for the removal Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies demonstrate that the adsorbent prepared from Alternanthera bettzichiana (Regel) Nicols plant material (ABPM) has a significant capacity for adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. The parameters investigated in this study include pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial Cr(VI) concentration. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is highly pH dependent and the results indicate that the optimum pH for the removal was found to be 2. Cr(VI) removal efficiency was found to be 98.8% at initial Cr(VI) concentration of 10 mg/L in 2 hours contact time. An adsorbent dose of 4 g/L was sufficient for the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution. The adsorption process of Cr(VI) is tested with Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption isotherm followed Freundlich better than Langmuir isotherms. A comparison of kinetic models applied to the adsorption of Cr(VI) ions on the adsorbent was evaluated for the pseudo first-order, the pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models respectively. The pseudo second-order kinetic model was found to correlate the experimental data well.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51372
Title: Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Nickel (II) with 2-Hydroxy 3-Nitro 5-methyl Acetophenone Oxime (HNMA)
Author: Sawant Abhay D., Barhate V.D. and Lokhande R.S.
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: 2-Hydroxy 3-Nitro 5-methyl Aceto-phenone Oxime (HNMA), Ni (II), high speed steel
Abstract: 2-Hydroxy 3-Nitro 5-methyl Acetophenone Oxime (HNMA) extracts nickel (II) quantitatively (99.50%) into chloroform from an aqueous solution of pH 6.8 to 8.0 and from 0.5 M solution of sodium acetate. The chloroform extract shows an intense peak at 410 nm (?max). Beer ' s law is obeyed over the Ni (II) concentration range 0.2-8 ?g cm-3. The molar absorptivity is 11176 dm3 mole-1 cm-1 at 420 nm. Composition of extracted species is found to be 1:2 (Ni:HNMA) by Job ' s continuous variation and mole ratio method. Interference by various ions has been studied. Proposed method has been applied for determination of Ni (II) in steel, simultaneous determination of Co(II) and Ni(II) in high speed steel and simultaneous determination of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II).
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51371
Title: Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Surficial Sediments of a Complex Micro-Tidal Estuarine System in Southwest India
Author: Renjit K.R. and Chandramohanakumar N
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Heavy metals, geochemistry, pollution, sediments, mineralogy, tropical estuary
Abstract: Seasonal and spatial variations of heavy metals along with the mineralogy in the surficial sediments of the Panangad region in the southern arm of Cochin estuary were analysed to identify the factors governing their geochemical distribution. Finer sediment fractions were rich in clay mineral like illite, kaolinite + chlorite, smectite and gibbsite where as quartz and feldspar dominated in coarser fractions. Mineralogical composition of the sediments represents hinterland flux. Higher amount of minerals resulted in characteristic enrichment of trace elements, particularly in the fine fractions of the sediments. Quartz and feldspar have inverse effect on the sedimentary heavy metal distribution. The order of metal abundance also signals to the chemical weathering in the catchment area. Seasonal variations were not observed in the heavy metals distribution, while their spatial variations could be related to the granulometry. Highly significant interrelations between heavy metals propose a common origin. Sediment enrichment factor analysis pointed towards anthropogenic contamination for Ni and Pb. Principal component analysis was employed to find the major geochemical processes leading to the distribution of heavy metals in this estuary.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51370
Title: Removal of Chromium (III) from Aqueous Solution by Pretreated Microbial Waste Biomass
Author: Sharma Indu and Goyal Dinesh
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Chromium (III), Chemical pretreatment, Microbial waste biomass, Aspergillus sp. (MB1), Streptomyces sp. (MB2)
Abstract: Removal of chromium (III) from aqueous solution was studied by two pretreated microbial waste biomass obtained as byproduct of pharmaceutical industry involving fermentative production of certain antibiotics by Aspergillus sp. (MB1) and Streptomyces sp. (MB2). Percentage Cr (III) removal efficiency was improved by pretreatment of native biomass MB1 with certain chemicals in the order of sodium hydroxide (96.21%) > sulfuric acid (70.92%) >acetone (68.006%) > methanol (64.13%) > chloroform (63.011%) >hydrochloric acid (62.02%) > diethylether (54.28%), whereas by MB2 biomass it was in the order of hydrochloric acid (77.72%) > sodium hydroxide (76.647%) >sulfuric acid (75.82%) >diethylether (74.49%) chloroform (69.06%) >methanol (58.98%). Both alkali and acid treatment showed significant removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solution than the organic solvent. This indicates that such waste microbial biomass could be used as an alternative source for Cr removal from industrial effluent and its pretreatment with dilute alkali or acid can significantly enhance the metal removal efficiency.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51369
Title: Thermal Decomposition of LDPE-LLDPE-EVA Copolymer Mixture using Microwave Energy
Author: Jeon Jong-Ki, Choi Hye Young, Park Young-Kwon, Kim Hyunook and Kang Tae Won
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Decomposition, microwave, LDPE-LLDPE-EVA copolymer, pyrolysis
Abstract: In this study, the influence of micowave energy on the chemical characteristics of the gases and oils produced by decomposing LDPE-LLDPE-EVA copolylmer was evaluated. In addition, the result was compared using conventional heating. The selectivity of C20+ products was very low when pyrolysis was carried out at 250W or higher microwave energy, while conventional pyrolysis showed a wide range of product distribution from C! to C32. The selectivity to C2 and C3 hydrocarbon increased with increasing of microwave energy. The olefin fraction in C2 - C4 went up to 81.5 wt % microwave-induced pyrolysis, which was greater than that for conventional pyrolysis. Microwave-induced pyrolysis could be a more favorable option than conventional pyrolysis in generating light hydrocarbon from a polymer mixture.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51368
Title: Synthesis and Characterization of some Novel Ethoxyphthalimide Derivatives of Pyrazolothiazolopyrimidines
Author: Sain Devendra kumar, Bapna Archita and Talesara G.L
Editor: Dr.S.L.Gargh
Year: 2009
Publisher: Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment ,Vol. 13 (2) , June 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Chemistry and Environment
Keywords: Tetrahydropyrimidine, thiazolo, phthalimidoxyethyl bromide, cyclisation, cyclo condensation
Abstract: Ethyl 4-(4-substituted phenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (1a-b) were obtained by three component acid catalyzed condensation of 4-substituted aralde-hydes, thiourea and EAA. Tetrahydro-pyrimidines (1a-b) on treatment with chloroacetic acid in absolute ethanol and fused sodium acetate yielded ethyl 5-(4-substituted phenyl)-7-methyl-3-oxo-2, 3-dihydro-5H-[1,3] thiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidine-6-carboxylate (2a-b). On treatment with various aromatic aldehydes (3a-e) in glacial acetic acid and fused sodium acetate, compound (2a-b) furnished arylidine derivatives (4a-b) which on further cyclisation with hydrazine hydrate in absolute alcohol and few drops of acetic acid afforded ethyl 3.8-di(4-substituted phenyl)-6-methyl-3, 3a-dihydro-2H, 8H-pyrazolo [3 ' , 4 ' : 4,5] [1,3] thiazolo [3, 2-a] pyrimidine -7-carboxylate (5a-b). Sub-sequently compounds (5a-b) were converted to ethyl 2-N-ethoxyphthalimido-3,8-di (4-substituted phenyl)-6-methyl-3, 3a-dihydro-2H, 8H- pyrazolo [3 ' , 4 ' : 4,5] [1,3] thiazolo [3,2-a] pyrimidine-7-carboxylate (6a-b) on treating with phthalimidoxyethyl bromide.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None