ID: 51592
Title: Effect of different sources of nitrogen on yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata)
Author: A.D.Jagtap, D.D.Jagtap, A.S.Kadam and S.B.Patil
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Brassica oleracea, nitrogen, crop yield
Abstract: The treatment T9 (50 percent N through poultry manure + 50 percent N through urea) had given significantly positive effect on yield of cabbage which was followed by the treatment T8 (50 percent through FYM + 50 percent through urea). The preference of organic manures should be given as poultry manure, FYM and vermicompost. The quality parameters viz., T.S.S. was recorded maximum in treatment T10 various storage conditions affects keeping quality of cabbage head. Polythene bags were found to be superior storage condition as compared to open condition, paper and cloth bags. In open condition, treatment T2 was recorded minimum weight loss, in polythene and cloth bags, treatment T1 was recorded minimum weight loss of cabbage head after 15 days of storage and in paper bags, treatment T2 was recorded minimum weight loss of cabbage head. Maximum loss is weight was observed in cabbage heads scored at open condition and in paper bags. This could be attributed due to accelerated biochemical changes and more losses of sugar and accelerated metabolic activities utilizing more sugars for the accelerated processes.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51591
Title: Influence of sugar industry effluents on soil protease activity
Author: M.Nagaraju, G.Narasimha and V.Rangaswamy
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, No (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Sugar industry effluent, physicochemical, biological para-meters, protease
Abstract: Discharge of sugar industry effluents into agricultural lands significantly changes soil processes such as nutrient cycling and organic matter processing. Knowledge of these changes is important so that the effect of sugar industry effluents on ecosystem may be assessed. In the present study, sugar industry effluent discharged (test) and undischarged soil (control) samples were collected from the surrounding areas of sugar industry, analyzed the physico- chemical and biological properties and measured the soil protease activity. Except soil pH and sand percentage, remaining all other physicochemical, biological properties and protease activities were higher in the test soil sample than control. Moreover, protease activity was increased by increasing the concentration of effluent in the control soil sample. But enzyme activity was declined with time.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51590
Title: Impact of afforestation in dry deciduous zones of Karnataka - A case study
Author: B.K.Purandara, B.Venkatesh and Veerabasawant Reddy
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, NO (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Afforestation, Karnataka, dry deciduous
Abstract: Field experiments were carried out in dry deciduous regions of Uttara Kannada and Dharwar districts under different land covers and soil types to assess the impact of afforestation in degraded parts of the dry deciduous forests. Various hydrological parameters such as rate of infiltratrion, field saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil moisture retention parameters were determined in the laboratory. These parameters were used for the estimation of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (through van Genuchten parameters) using a linear regression model. The study demonstrated that there is an improvement in soil hydraulic properties in the afforested areas as compared to barren/degraded lands.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51589
Title: Diversity and biomass estimation of mangrove trees on carey Island, Malaysia
Author: R.Saraswathy, M.Z. Rozainah and G.Redzwan
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, NO (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Diversity, biomass estimation, mangroves, Carey Island
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine diversity and to estimate biomass of selected mangrove trees in 9 study plots on Carey Island, Malaysia. The total number of individual trees recorded was 453 from 16 species of 5 families i.e.Rhizophoraceae, Avicenniaceae, Meliacea, Sonneratiaceae, and Rubiaceae. Avicennia alba was the most dominant species with an Important Value Index (IVI) of 15.57%. The total basal area of the mangrove trees was 51.30 m2/ha with Rhizophora mucronata making up most of the total value at 12.53 m2/ha . The estimated total biomass in this study was 51452.85 kg/ha (51.45 tonnes/ha ) with the highest contribution from Rhizophora opiculata and Rhizophora mucronata.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51588
Title: Correlation characteristics of the limnological properties of Ebonyi river, Nigeria
Author: E.F.Ude and C.D.Nwani
Editor: Dr.R.K.Trivedy
Year: 2009
Publisher: Enviro Media, Vol 15, NO (2), 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Ecology, Environment and Conservation
Keywords: Limnological parameters, Ebonyi River, correlation, Nigeria
Abstract: Analysis of major limnological properties of Ebonyi River, a tropical freshwater system was carried out between September 2006 to February 2008 to establish the correlation among parameters and to generate fundamental data on the system for inferential deductions. Parameters measured were Fish abundance,Temperature, Transparency, Water depth, Dissolved Oxygen, Carbondioxide, pH, Biochemical oxygen demand. Total dissolved solids, Total Alkalinity, Conductivity, Nitrite-Nitrogen, Nitrate-Nitrogen and Phosphate-Phosphorus. The Data were analysed using Spearman rho ' s SPSS parametric statistical package. Results show that Ebonyi River exhibited unique features typical of a tropical river system. It was concluded that introduction of municipal wastes into the system is capable of altering the limnological status of the river and impair water use and fish production.
Location: 241
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51587
Title: An Introduction to Optimization
Author: Edwin K.P.Chong, Stanislaw H.Zak
Editor: Ronald L.Graham
Year: 2005
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Second Edition
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: An Introduction to Optimization
Keywords: None
Abstract: None
Location: 215
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51586
Title: Spatial change optimization: Integrating GA with visualization for 3D scenario generation
Author: Magesh Chandramouli, Bo Huang, and Lulu Xue
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 8, August 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Pareto solutions, Genetic algorithms (GA)
Abstract: Urban spatial analysis is becoming an increasingly complex problem due to the overwhelming demands imposed by the population and several other factors. Consequently, tools are needed to solve complex urban spatial problems that are multiobjective in nature. This study presents a multiobjective optimization approach to generating alternative land use scenarios and offers a visual evaluation tool for assessing the Pareto solutions.Typically, with genetic algorithms (GA), decision makers are finally left with alternative solutions in the form of the Pareto set, from which one or a few more will be chosen. Hence, a visualization tool is employed in this study, whereby the decision makers can better evaluate the alternative solutions from the Pareto set. Modeling futuristic land uses is devised as an optimization problem wherein spatial configurations are created through the use of evolutionary algorithms. With the goal of sustainable urban land use planning, the evolutionary algorithm is designed for multiple objectives, such as maximization of per capita green space, maximization of urban housing density, maximization of public service space, and conflict resolution among neighboring land uses. The results evince the validity of the GA framework and also corroborate the utility of the virtual scenarios.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51585
Title: Individual object change detection for monitoring the impact of a forest pathogen on a hardwood forest
Author: Tim De Chant and Maggi Kelly
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 8, August 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Sudden oak death (SOD), Coastal California, China Camp State Park, object-based image analysis (OBIA)
Abstract: Sudden oak death (SOD) has caused widespread mortality in a number of tree and shrub species throughout coastal California. As a result, canopy changes are directly visible from remotely sensed imagery. To quantify changes in horizontal canopy structure to the oak woodlands in China Camp State Park, California, USA, a heavily hit area, we developed a novel change detection technique that tracks changes to individual objects. Using 4-band, 1m spatial resolution aerial photography, we classified four annual images (2000 to 2003) with object-based image analysis (OBIA) and employed a GIS for our change detection technique. We identified 352 gaps that contained SOD mortality in 2000 and persisted through 2003. Their median areas and perimeters did not change significantly in that time. However, those gaps that increased in size tended to be smaller than those that decreased, indicating increased mortality in newly infected areas. Our new change detection method allowed us to monitor these gaps one-by-one, revealing ecologically meaningful results that would otherwise be obscured in a landscape-scale analysis.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51584
Title: Quantifying impacts of land ownership on regional forest NDVI dynamics: A case study at Bankhead National Forest in Alabama, USA
Author: Xiongwen Chen and Rory Fraser
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 8, August 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Bankhead National Forest, Alabama, USA
Abstract: Identifying the impacts of human activities on local and regional ecological processes is important for protecting essential ecological functions. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at three adjacent areas with different proportions of private land (6 percent, 20 percent and 55 percent) in the Bankhead National Forest in Alabama, USA from 1998 to 2004 were examined. The phase coupling, synchrony, and information entropy of NDVI at multiple temporal scale for each of these areas were examined. A higher proportion of private land (e.g., 55 percent) resulted in decrease of annual mean, coefficient of variance, seasonal maximum, and absolute value of rate of increase/ rate of decrease for NDVI values as well as increase in seasonal minimum NDVI and decrease in spatial coupling and synchrony of NDVI dynamics. Thus, a higher proportion of private land could affect regional NDVI dynamics in complex and ecologically significant ways.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51583
Title: A disturbance-inventory framework for flexible and reliable landscape monitoring
Author: J.Linke, G.J.McDermid, D.N.Laskin, A.J.McLane, A.Pape, J.Cranston, M.Hall-Beyer, and S.E.Franklin
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 8, August 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Landscape monitoring, West-central Alberta, Canada,
Abstract: Remote sensing plays a key role in landscape monitoring, but our handling of these data in a multi-temporal time series is not yet fully developed. Of particular concern is the presence of spatial and thematic errors in independently created maps that distort measures of landscape pattern and constrain the reliability of change analysis. In addition, there is a need to incorporate continuous attributes of cover gradients for flexible map representations that support a variety of applications. In this paper, we present a framework for generating temporally and categorically dynamic land-cover maps that provide such a reliable and adaptable foundation. The centerpiece is a spatio-temporal disturbance-inventory database, created through semi-automated change detection and conditioned with boundary-matching procedures, which can be used to backdate and update both continuous and categorical reference maps. We demonstrate our approach using multi-annual Landsat imagery from a forested region in west-central Alberta, Canada, between the years 1998 and 2005.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51582
Title: Projection of Land Use Change Patterns using Kernel logistic regression
Author: Bo Wu, Bo Huang, and Tung Fung
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 8, August 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Logistic regression (LR), Kernel logistic regression (KLR), Percentage of Correct Prediction (PCP), Area under Curve (AUC), McNamara ' s test
Abstract: Change analysis is probably a natural step following the detection of changes using remote sensing data. One significant topic in change analysis is to model the changes in relation to their driving factors and to project future land-use patterns. While logistic regression (LR) has been widely used in change modeling, this paper presents an improved method, kernel logistic regression (KLR), to model the nonlinear relationship between land-use change and various causal factors such as population, distance to road and facilities, surrounding land-use, and others. Traditional KLR models contain one coefficient for each training sample, rendering it inappropriate for applications of land-use change analysis with more than a few thousand samples. A feature vectors selection method for the KLR model has therefore been proposed to impose sparsity and control complexity. To test the effectiveness of KLR, a case study was implemented to model rural-urban land-use conversion in the city of Calgary, Canada during the periods 1985 to 1990 and 1990 to 1999. The KLR model was compared with a commonly used LR model in terms of the Percentage of Correct Prediction (PCP), Area under Curve (AUC), and McNamara ' s test, and the results consistently demonstrated the better performance of KLR.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51581
Title: Range of categorical associations for comparison of maps with mixed pixels
Author: Robert Gilmore Pontius, Jr. and John Connors
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 8, August 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Mixed classified pixels, soft classified pixel, The greatest matrix, the random matrix and the least matrix, Plum Island Ecosystems, Massachusetts, USA
Abstract: This paper presents a method to compare maps that contain pixels that have partial membership to multiple categories, i.e., mixed or soft classified pixels. The method quantifies ranges for associations among categories based upon possible variations in sub-pixel spatial allocation. The paper derives the mathematical equations for constructing the range of associations based on three types of cross-tabulation matrices, the greatest matrix, the random matrix, and the least matrix. We demonstrate how the analysis can be combined with multiple resolution map comparison to specify the resolution at which clusters exist on a single map or between two maps. The method produces a range that reflects the amount of uncertainty in the categorical associations. We illustrate the procedure with both a simple example and data from the Plum Island Ecosystems study site in Massachusetts, USA.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51580
Title: Enhancing binary change detection performance using a Moving Threshold Window (MTW) appraoch
Author: Jungho Im, Jinyoung Rhee, and John R. Jensen
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 8, August 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Moving Threshold Window (MTW), Symmetric Threshold Window (STW),
Abstract: This study introduced a new concept, the Moving Threshold Window (MTW), for binary change detection. An automated MTW-based calibration model was developed and evaluated using a case study. The MTW-based model is free from the assumption of symmetry for difference and ratio types of change-enhanced images, unlike traditional binary change detection methods. The MTW-based calibration model outperformed the traditional binary change detection methods based on the Symmetric Threshold Window (STW) for both single and multiple change-enhanced images of the study area. In most of the calibrations, the optimum thresholds resulting in the highest Kappa coefficient were asymmetric. Three major factors may explain the asymmetric characteristics of the optimum thresholds, including: different atmospheric conditions found in the two dates of imagery, different look angles associated with the two dates of imagery, and the nature of the change information. Multiple change-enhanced images generally produced higher accuracies than single change enhanced images using both the MTW- and STW- based models.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51579
Title: The Land-cover Change Mapper (LCM) and its application to timber harvest monitoring in Western Canada
Author: Guillermo Castilla, Richard H.Guthrie, and Geoffrey J.Hay
Editor: Russell G. Congalton
Year: 2009
Publisher: ASPRS, Vol 75, No 8, August 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Keywords: Land-cover Change Mapper (LCM), Western Canada, SPOT imagery
Abstract: We introduce an automated change detection and delineation tool for remote sensing images: the Land-cover Change Mapper (LCM). LCM rapidly generates a polygon vector layer (shapefile) of regions deemed to have undergone significant change in land-cover. In its simplest usage, LCM requires two single band or multi-band co-registered images of the same scene acquired at different dates, and as the only user defined parameter, the minimum size for change regions. The main advantages of this tool are that (a) it is fully unsupervised, (b) it is exceptionally fast, (c) it is robust to geometric misregistration errors and variations in illumination, and (d) it produces visually pleasing outlines that resemble those obtained through manual digitization. We describe how the tool works, illustrate its application to monitoring forest clear-cuts on a 1,000 km2 area in Western Canada using SPOT imagery, compare it to a commercial tool, and report on its thematic and spatial accuracy. A freeware LCM version is available on the Internet.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None
ID: 51578
Title: GIS-based morphometric analysis of five major sub-watersheds of Song river, Dehradun district, Uttarakhand with special reference to landslide incidences
Author: Arpita Pankaj, Pankaj Kumar
Editor: Prof. B.L.Deekshatulu
Year: 2009
Publisher: Indian Society of Remote Sensing, Vol 37, No 1, March 2009
Source: Centre for Ecological Science,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-12
Reference: None
Subject: Remote Sensing
Keywords: Drainage channel, Morphometric analysis, Constant channel maintenance, Sub-watershed, Asymmetric factor and GIS
Abstract: Evaluation of the morphometric parameters requires preparation of drainage map, contour map, ordering of the various streams and measurements of catchment area, perimeter, relative relief, relief ratio, length of drainage channels, drainage density, drainage frequency, bifurcation ratio, texture ratio, circulatory ratio and constant channel maintenance, which help to understand the nature of the drainage basin. The present study involves the Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis techniques to evaluate and compare linear, relief and aerial morphometry of the five sub-watersheds of Song River (tributary of the Ganga River) with special reference to landslide incidences, for future development and planning of the watershed. Jakhan Rao, Song River, Bandal Nadi, Baldi Nadi and Suswa Nadi are the five major sub-watersheds of the Song River basin. All the sub-watersheds are basically of 5th to 6th order. Drainage patterns are mainly dendritic to sub dendritic. The drainage pattern of the Song River basin is mainly structurally controlled and the area is characterized by high to moderate relief. The asymmetric factor indicates that the tectonic rotation of the four sub-watersheds is upward on the right side of the drainage basin and only one sub-watershed is downward. The numbers of the landslide incidences are also more in the upward side, than the downward side of the Song River basin.
Location: 231
Literature cited 1: None
Literature cited 2: None