Study area comprises of two districts parts of Uttara Kannada (Bhatkal, Honnaver, Joida, and Siddapur taluks) and Shimoga district (Sagar, Hosanagar and Thirthalli taluks).

Figure 1: Study area satellite image with various land uses: Sharavathy river basin (Sagar, Hosanagar and Thirthahalli taluks) with orchid collection spots.

Figure 2: Study area-Uttara Kannada district with taluks and orchid collection spots.