References

Bibiliography

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Akram M. Shahab-Uddin, Afzal Ahmed, Khan Usmanghani and others (2010). Curcuma Longa and curcumin: a review. Rom. J. Biol. -Plant Biol 55(2), 65–70. [The paper provides detailed information on properties and mechanism action of Curcuma longa].

Amano C., Minematsu H., Fujita K. and others (2015). Nanoparticles Containing Curcumin Useful for Suppressing Macrophages In Vivo in Mice. PLoS One 10(9), doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0137207.

Amiya K. Rautray, Rajasri Sahoo, K K Sardar, Abhishek Sahoo (2015). Ethnoveterinary practices for small ruminants followed by rural folks in southern Odisha. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 14(2), 319-324 [The paper gives information on ethnoveterinary uses of turmeric].

Ammon H.P., Wahl M. (1991). Pharmacology of Curcuma longa. Planta Med 57, 1 7.

Antony S., Kuttan R., Kuttan G. (1999). Immunomodulatory activity of curcumin. Immunol Invest 28(5– 6), 291–303. [The paper describes a experiment done on mice about immunomodulatory activity of curcumin].

Apisariyakul A., Vanittanakom N., Buddhasukh D. (1995). Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 49(3), 163–169.

Araújo CAC, LL Leon (2001). Biological activities of Curcuma longa L. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 96(5),723-8. [This paper provides an overview of pharmacological activities (anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-bacteria, anti-parasitic, antispasmodic and antioxidant effects etc) of Curcuma showing its importance].

Arvind Kumar Shakya (2016), Medicinal plants: Future source of new drugs, International Journal of Herbal Medicine 4(4): 59-64. [The paper is valuables as it provides information to understand the knowledge of the medicinal plants as a future source of herbal drugs].

Bhavani Shankar TN, Sreenivasa Murthy V. (1979). Effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) fractions on the growth of some intestinal and pathogenic bacteria in vitro. Indian J Exp Biol 17, 1363–6.

Plant Secondary Metabolism.David S.Seigler(1998). SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LL C. [The book chapter provides details information on secondary metabolite of medicinal plants].

Charu. Maknoi (2006) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) with particular reference to its occurrence in Thailand. Dissertation, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. This dissertation is very much useful as it provides detail information on morphological characteristics of Curcuma].

Chinampudur V. Chandrasekaran, Kannan Sundarajan, Jothie R Edwin and others (2013). Immune- stimulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of Curcuma longa extract and its polysaccharide fraction. Pharmacognosy Res 5(2), 71–79.

[This experiment performed on mouse which revealed the novel anti-inflammatory property of NR-INF- 02 and its polysaccharide fraction by inhibiting the secretion of IL-12 and PGE2 in vitro].

Chopra A., Doiphode V. (2002). Ayurvedic medicine: Core concept, therapeutic principles and current relevance. Medical Clinics of North America 86,75-89.

Chowdhury H., Banerjee T., Walia S. (2008). In vitro screening of Curcuma longa L and its derivatives sa antifungal agents against Helminthosporrum oryzae and Fusarium solani. Pesticide Research Journal.20(1),6–9.

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Debjit Bhowmik, K P Sampath Kumar, Margret Chandira, Balasundaram Jayakar (2009). Turmeric: A Herbal and Traditional Medicine, Archives of Applied Science Research 1 (2), 86-108. [This journal is very much helpful about the details of different therapeutic uses of turmeric and also uses its remedies in Ayurveda].

Deepika Yadav, Shiv Kumar Yadav, Roop Krishen Khar and others (2013). Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.): A promising spice for phytochemical and pharmacological activities. International Journal of Green Pharmacy 7, 85-9.

Dhulipalla Naga Harish, N. Vinutha, PVV. Siva Krishna and others (2016). Phytochemical Evaluation Curcuma Longa and Curcumin. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Science Vol. 5 (4). [This article is focused on medicinal and pharmacological properties of turmeric and also about phytochemical screening].

Dilfuza Egamberdieva, Nazim Mamedov, Elisa Ovidi and others (2016). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Medicinal Plants from Uzbekistan: A Review. Journal of Medicinally Active Plants Volume 5 Issue 2. [The paper provides the latest report on the phytochemicals and pharmacological activity of the medicinal plants].

Duggi Shrishail Handral harish k, Handral Ravichandra and others, (2013). Turmeric: nature’s precious medicine. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical And Clinical Research Vol 6 issue 3. [The study was intended to review the ethanobotanical properties, pharmacognostic, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of turmeric plant].

Duraisankar M. and A. D. Ravindran (2015). Identification of Curcuma Longa Rhizomes by Physicochemical and TLC Fingerprint Analysis. International Journal of Pharm Tech Research 8 (6), 198–205.

Dutta K., Ghosh D., Basu A. (2009) Curcumin protects neuronal cells from Japanese encephalitis virus- mediated cell death and also inhibits infective viral particle formation by dysregulation of ubiquitin- proteasome system. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology 4(3), 328–337.

Ewon kaliyadyasa, Bhagya A. Samarasinghe (2019). A review of golden species of Zingiberaceae family around the world:Genus Curcuma. African Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol 14(9), 519-531. [This paper focuses on gathering information regarding genus Curcuma including morphological characteristics, phytochemicals and their biological and pharmacological activities].

Flynn D.L., M F Rafferty, A M Boctor (1986). Inhibition of 5-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) formation in intact human neutrophils by naturally-occurring diarylheptanoids: Inhibitory activities of curcuminoids and yakuchinones. Prostaglandins Leukot Med 22(3), 357–360. [The paper described details about inhibitory activities of curcuminoids and yakuchinone].

Hema Sayee R. Gayathri K, Femina Banu S and others (2016). Ethnoveterinary medicine: a boon for animal health. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology Vol. 5, No 6, 4006 – 4012. [The article provides a very comprehensive discussion on plant materials in ethnoveterinary medicine practices].

http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/turmeric-remedy-for-joint-pain/863800/. [The websites gives information on the turmeric remedy for joint pain].

http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028370.[The websites gives information on the common name of turmeric].

http://www.foodofy.com/turmeric.html. [This website provides comprehensive information on history, health benefits and nutrition of turmeric].

http://www.greekmedicine.net/A_Greek_and_Unani_Herbal/herb.php?id=10. [This websites provides information on medicinal properties and uses of turmeric].

http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:796451-1. [This page is useful as it provides information on morphological description as well as general description].

http://www.turmeric.co.in/turmeric_ayurvedic_use.html.[This page provides information on Ayurvedic uses of turmeric].

http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrientprofile&dbid=8. [The websites provides information on nutritive value of turmeric].

https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/5-side-effects-of-turmeric-haldi-how-much-is-too-much-1746375. [This websites reveals detailed side effects].

https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/7-health-benefits-of-turmeric-getting-back-to-the-roots-1257827. [This website gives details of seven health benefits].

https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/229363. [The website provides information on morphology and common names].

https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/health/raw-turmeric-boost-immunity-benefits-6340737/[The websites provides information on therapeutic uses].

https://uses.plantnetproject.org/en/Curcuma_longa_(PROTA).[This websites is very much useful as it provides information about geographic distribution, origin and its properties].

https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/best-practices/animal-husbandry/ethnoveterinary-practices-in-animal- care. [The websites provides an useful information on ethnoveterinary uses of turmeric with other plants].

https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/livestock/general-management-practices-oflivestock/ethnoveterinary- formulations-for-important-ailments-in-bovines. [The websites provides an useful information of ethnoveterinary uses of turmeric with other plants].

https://www.banyanbotanicals.com/info/ayurvedic-living/learning-ayurveda/vata-pitta-and-kapha/. [This websites provides information on vata, pitta and kapha of Ayurveda].

https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/17014. [The websites provides information on turmeric classification and common names].

https://www.cookist.com/12-serious-side-effects-of-turmeric/. [This websites helps the reader to understand the fact that excessive consumption of turmeric causes side effects].

https://www.dtnext.in/Lifestyle/Wellbeing/2020/03/17144111/1220485/Boost-your-immunity-with- turmeric.vpf. [The websites discussed about the boosting of immunity by making use of turmeric].

https://www.easyayurveda.com/2013/10/23/turmeric-curcuma-longa-benefits. [The websites provides details on information on ayurvedic uses].

https://www.ecrjournal.com/articles/anti-inflammatory-action-curcumin-use. [This website is very much important for the reader which gives a details information on clinical trials of curcumin in the management of inflammation-related diseases].

https://www.everydayhealth.com/diet-nutrition/diet/scientific-health-benefits-turmeric-curcumin/. [This websites provides information on 12 Scientific Health Benefits of Turmeric and Curcumin].

https://www.healthline.com/health/cancer/curcumin-and-cancer#research. [This websites provides a information in regards to the uses of curcumin on cancer].

https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/kerala-institute-gets-us-patent-for-turmeric-based-cancer- treatment/.[The website provides information on Research and Development].

https://www.ikisan.com/tg-turmeric-morphology.html. [The page is useful for morphological description].

https://www.koop-phyto.org/en/medicinal-plants/turmeric.php.[The websites provides useful information on Turmeric].

https://www.meandqi.com/herb-database/turmeric. [The websites provides a details information about the Chinese uses on turmeric].

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/306981#Side-effects-of-turmeric. [This website gives details side effects of turmeric].

https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/turmeric

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92752/cite. [The websites provides information on various names of turmeric/curcumin in different languages].

https://www.nuffieldhealth.com/article/the-health-benefits-of-turmeric. [This website provides information on therapeutic uses].

https://www.nutrition-and-you.com/turmeric.html. [This website is helpful for the reader which provides a information on nutritive value of turmeric].

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/study-shows-turmeric-can-reduce-symptoms-of-depression- anxiety- 546535422.html. [The study shows turmeric can reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety].

https://www.rxlist.com/turmeric/supplements.htm. [The websites provides a information about the side effects of turmeric].

https://www.nordicnaturals.com/healthy-science/the-immune-benefits-of-curcumin/. [This website gives the details about the health properties of turmeric in regards to Prebiotic, Cortisol-ameliorating and. Omega-3 boosting].

https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001299126/six-amazing-skin-benefits-of-turmeric. [The websites provides a details information on turmeric, uses of skin].

https://www.whiterabbitinstituteofhealing.com/herbs/turmeric/. [The websites provides a details information about the Chinese uses on turmeric].

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Keivan Zandi, Elissa Ramedani, Khosro Mohammadi and others (2010). Evaluation of Antiviral Activities of Curcumin Derivatives against HSV-1 in Vero Cell Line. Natural Product Communications 5 (12).

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Nitish Kumar and Sunil Kumar Sakhya (2012). Ethnopharmacological properties of Curcuma longa: a review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 4(1),03- 12.http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.[This paper discusses in detail the basics of clinical indication, pharmacological action, chemical constituents, its nutritional value, morphology and uses of turmeric].

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Biographical Sketches

Sayantani Chanda Received her B.Sc (Bachelor of Science) degree in Botany from University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India, in the year 2012 and Post-Graduation degree, M.Sc.(Master of Science) in Genetics from West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, India in 2014. After that she joined in Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India, as research intern. She worked there about 2 years. The area of research was Pharmacological, Phytochemical and spatial aspects of plants in Indian sacred groves and its relevance towards maintenance of ecosystem and their sustainable utilization. There after she has been associated with Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India. She is now working in the area of Cultivation and regeneration of medicinal plants by natural as well as tissue culture method and conserve them in their natural habitat. Further she is going to undertake the project on Squalene (C30H50), a naturally occurring highly unsaturated triterpene, is an intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthesis both in plant and animal world. This compound plays various biological roles, therefore makes it a favorite choice in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food supplement industries. Basically, in this regard she is interested to explore the rich, natural, renewable and cost-effective sources of squalene from the abscisic leaves of the plants. She published many papers in different national and

international journal and also taken part in various international conferences. She has been awarded “Young Achiever Award 2020” for her outstanding contribution and recognition in the field of Plant Molecular Genetics from Agricultural and Environmental Technology Development Society, India.

T.V. Ramachandra Received Ph.D. in Ecology and Energy from Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. At present, he is Coordinator of Energy and Wetlands Research Group (EWRG), Convener of Environmental Information System (ENVIS) at Centre for Ecological Sciences (CES). During the past fifteen years he has established an active school of research in the area of energy and environment (http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy). He was a Member of Karnataka State level Environment Expert Appraisal Committee (2007-2010), appointed by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. He is a recipient of Energy Legend (2011), Energy Engineer ((international) 2009) of Association of Energy Engineers (USA), Johny Biosphere Award for Ecology and Environment (2004) and Satish Dhawan Young Scientist Award, 2007 of Karnataka State Government. He is an associate faculty at Centre for Sustainable Technologies (astra) and Centre for infrastructure, sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning (CiSTUP) at Indian Institute of Science. He is an Elected Fellow of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE, UK; 2005), Indian Association of Hydrologists (India; 2006), Institution of Engineers (IE, India; 2003), and a Senior Member, IEEE (USA; 2000) and Association of Energy Engineers (USA; 2000), National Institute of Ecology (2011). His areas of specialization are on Biodiversity-Ecology- Hydrology linkages, Ecological Modeling, Energy, Wetlands, Soil and Water Pollution, GIS and Remote sensing, Environment Education, Conservation of Terrestrial and Aquatic ecosystems, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA),Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment etc. He has published 309 papers in National and International journals and 40 book chapters.