Back

Acknowledgments


Next
This research has been carried out with the financial assistance from the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India and Indian Institute of Science.

References

Akinola, M.O. and T.A. Ekiyoyo: Accumulation of lead, cadmium and chromium in some plants cultivated along the bank of river Ribila at Odo-nla area of ikorodu, Lagos state, Nigeria. J. Environ. Biol., 27, 597-599 (2006).

Aksu, Z., A. Unsal and K. Tulin: Application of multicomponent adsorption isotherms to simultaneous biosorption of iron (III) and chromium (VI) on C. vulgaris. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol., 70, 368-378 (1997).

Aksu, Z. and D. Akpinar: Competitive biosorption of phenol and chromium (VI) from binary mixtures onto dried anaerobic activated sludge. Biochem. Eng. Jou., 7, 183-193 (2001).

Baran, Ayse, Senay Hamarat Baysal and Atakan Sukatar: Removal of Cr6+ from aqueous solution by some algae. J. Environ. Biol., 26, 329-333 (2005).

Bryant, P.S., J.N. Petersen, J.M. Lee, T. M and Brouns: Sorption of heavy metals by untreated red ®sawdust. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 34-35, 777-788 (1992).

Chandra Sekhar, K., S. Subramanian, J.M. Modak and K.A. Natarajan: Removal of metal ions using an industrial biomass with reference to environmental control. Int. J. Miner. Process., 53, 107-120 (1998).

Dakiky, M., M. Khamis, A. Manassra and M. Meaeb: Selective adsorption of chromium (VI) in industrial wastewater using low-cost abundantly available adsorbents. Advin. Environ. Res., 6, 533-540 (2002).

Dikshit, V.P.: Removal of chromium (VI) by adsorption using sawdust. Nat. Acad. Sci. Lett., 12, 419-421 (1989).

Eaton, A.D., L.S. Clesceri and A.E. Greenberg: Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th Edn., American Public Health Association Washington, D.C. pp. 34-39 (1995).

Espinola, A., R. Adamian and L.M.B. Gomes: An innovative technology: Natural coconut fibre as adsorptive medium in industrial wastewater cleanup. Waste Treat. Clean Technol. Proc., 3, 2057-2066 (1999).

Freundlich, H.: Ueber die adsorption in loesungen. Z. Physik Chem., 57, 385-470 (1907).

Iqbal, M., A. Saeed and N. Akhtar: Petiolar felt-sheath of palm: A new biosorbent for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water. Biores. Technol., 81, 153-155 (2002).

Iqbal, M. and A. Saeed: Removal of heavy metals from contaminated water by petiolar felt-sheath of palm. Environ. Technol., 23, 1091- 1098 (2002).

Langmuir, I.: The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica and platinum. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1361-1403 (1918).

Macchi, G., D. Macroni and G. Tiravarthi: Uptake of mercury by exhausted coffee grounds. Environ. Technol. Lett., 7, 431-444 (1986).

Mameri, N., N. Boudries, L. Addour, D. Belhocine, H. Lounici, H. Grib and A. Pauss: Batch zinc biosorption by a bacterial nonliving Streptomyces rimosus biomass. Wat. Res., 33, 1347-1354 (1999).

Marshall, W.E. and E.T. Champagne: Agricultural byproducts as adsorbents for metal ions in laboratory prepared solutions and in manufacturing wastewater. J. Environ. Sci. Hlth., A30, 241-261 (1995).

Marshall, W.E., E.T. Champagne and W.J. Evans: Use of rice milling byproducts (hulls and bran) to remove metal ions from aqueous solution. J. Environ. Sci. Hlth., A28, 1977-1992 (1993).

McKay, G., H.S. Blair and J.R. Gardener: Adsorption of dyes on chitin I. Equilibrium studies. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 27, 3043-3057 (1982).

Morton, J.F.: The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan Linn) - A high protein tropical bush legume. Hortscience, 11, 11-19 (1976).

Namasivayam, C. and R.T. Yamuna: Adsorption of chromium (VI) by a low cost adsorbent: Biogas residual slurry. Chemosphere, 30, 561-578 (1995).

Odozi, O., S. Okeke and R.B. Lartey: Studies on binding metal ions with polymerized corncob and a composite resin with sawdust and onionskin. Agric. Wastes, 12, 13-21 (1985).

Ozer, A., D. Ozer and H.I. Ekiz: Application of Freundlich and Langmuir models to multistage purification process to remove heavy metal ions by using Schizomeris leibleinii. Proc. Biochem., 34, 919-927 (1999).

Okieimen, F.E. and V.U. Onyenkpa: Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions with melon (Citrullus vulgaris) seed husks. Biol. Waste, 29, 11-16 (1989).

Orhan, Y. and H. Buyukgungor: The removal of heavy metals by using agricultural wastes. Water Sci. Technol., 28, 247-255 (1993).

Saeed, A., M. Iqba and M.W. Akhtar: Application of biowaste materials for the sorption of heavy metals in contaminated aqueous medium. Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 45, 206-211 (2002).

Sag, Y. and T. Kutsal: Biosorption of heavy metals by Zoogloea ramigera: Use of adsorption isotherms and a comparison of biosorption characteristics. The Chem. Eng. J., 60, 181-188 (1995).

Sag, Y. and T. Kutsal: Fully competitive biosorption of chromium (VI) and iron (III) Ions from binary metal mixtures by R. arrhizus: Use of the Competitive Langmuir model. Proc. Biochem., 31, 573-585 (1996).

Selatnia, A., A. Boukazoula, N. Kechid, M.Z. Bakhti and A. Chergui: Biosorption of Fe3+ from aqueous solution by a bacterial dead Strptomyces rimosus biomass. Proc. Biochem., 39, 1643-1651 (2004).

Singh, Shalini, H.D. Singh and K.C. Sikka: Distribution of nutrients in the anatomical parts of common Indian pulses. Cer. Chem., 45, 12-19 (1968). Snell, F.D. and C.T.

Snell: Colorimetric Methods of Analysis, 3rd Edn., Van Nostrand, New York (1961).

Tee, T.W. and R.A.M. Khan: Removal of lead, cadmium and zinc by waste tea leaves. Environ. Technol. Lett., 9, 1123-1232 (1988).

Zarraa, M. A.: A study on the removal of chromium(VI) from waste solutions by adsorption on to sawdust in stirred vessels. Adsorption Sci. Technol., 12, 129-138 (1995).