| Appendix: Various Energy Figures |
| Appendix: Various Energy Figures |
Conversion Factors
1 Joule (J) = 1 Watt*Second = 278*10-6 watt*hours (Wh)
1 Wh = 3600 1
1 cal = 4.18 1
1 BTU = 1055 J
1 kilowatt*hour/year (kWh/year) = 0.114 watt (W)
|
Examples: |
1 PJ = 278 GWh = |
|
0.278 TWh |
1 GJ = 278 kWh = |
|
0.278 MWh | |
|
1 TWh = 3.6 PJ |
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ |
|
k kilo |
103 |
|
M Mega |
106 |
|
G Giga |
109 |
|
T Tera |
10 12 |
|
P Peta |
10 15 |
Latent Heat (approx.)
|
Oil |
42 GJ/t |
= |
36 MJ/litre |
= 10 kWh/litre |
|
Natural Gas |
40 MJ/m |
= |
11 kWh/m | |
|
Coal |
25 GJ/t |
= |
7 MWh/t |
|
|
Wood |
13 GJ/t |
= |
3.6 MWh/t | |
|
Straw |
15 GJ/t |
= |
4.2 MWh/t | |
|
Biogas |
22 MJ/m |
= |
6 kWh/m |
1 Toe (tonne oil equivalent) = 1.16 m oil 1 barrel of oil = 159 litre of oil 1 barrel oil per day is equivalent to approx. 50 tonnes oil per year.
Emissions in tonne per PJ
Fuel SO2 NOX as NO2 CO2
|
Coal550 |
200-480 |
100,000 |
|
Fueloil500 |
150 |
74,000 |
|
Dieseloil90 |
300-800 |
74,000 |
|
Gasoil90 |
50-100 |
74,000 |
|
Petrol0 |
800-900 |
71,000 |
|
Natural Gas0 |
50-500 |
57,000 |
|
Straw130 |
130 |
in balance |
|
Biogas0 |
50-150 |
in balance |