Table 3.1.1 Methods of Wastewater Analysis and Possibilities for Reducing Environmental Impact

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Table 3.1.1 Methods of Wastewater Analysis and Possibilities for Reducing Environmental Impact
Page 1
  Pollutant/
properties		 Unit Analysis method Methods for
elimination or
reduction
1 Undissolved substances mg/l DEV H2, SM 148, 224 Mechanical treatment, flocculation, biol. treatment
2 Substances which can be precipitated mg/l DEV H2, SM 224,
z x/1/76		 Mechanical clarification, flocculation, biol. treatment
3 Suspended matter mg/l Difference from 1 and 2 Flocculation (filtration), biol. treatment
4 Turbidity cm
visibility		 DIN standard
38 404-C2,
SM 163, 232		 Flocculation (filtration), biol. treatment
5 Colours   DIN standard
38 404-C1,
SM 118, 206		 Flocculation, coagulation, flotation
6 Temperature °C DIN standard
38 404-C4,
SM 162		 Cooling (towers, lagoons, trickling filters)
7 Odour   DEV B1/2,
SM 136, 217		  
8 pH   DEV C5/S5,
SM 144, 221		 Neutralisation
9 Conductivity µS/cm DEV C8, SM 154, 226  
Table 3.1.1 Methods of Wastewater Analysis, and Possibilities for Reducing Environmental Impact
Page 2
  Pollutant/
properties		 Unit Analysis method Methods for
elimination or
reduction
10 Total, evaporation, and incineration residue mg/l DEV H1/S3,
SM 148, 224		  
11 BOD mgO2/ l DEV H5, SM 141, 219
DIN 38409-H91		 Biodegradation, aerobic, anaerobic
12 COD mgO2/ l SM 142, 220 Z x/2/76
DIN 38409-H41 and -A30
ARAVwV1) no.303		 Biodegradation, aerobic, anaerobic
13 Total organic carbon, TOC mgC/l SM 138  
14 Oxygen mgO2/ l DEV G2/J8,
SM 140, 218		  
15 Total nitrogen, organic mg/l DEV H11, H12 Biodegradation, aerobic, anaerobic
16 Colloids mg/l DEV H3  
17 Oils, fats mg/l DEV H17, H18
SM 137, 209		 Separators
18 Lignin, tannin mg/l SM 160  
19 Hydrocarbons µg/l DEV H15  
20 Organic poisons µg/l SM 139 Biodegradation
Table 3.1.1 Methods of Waste Water Analysis, and Possibilities for Reducing Environmental Impact
Page 3
  Pollutant/
properties		 Unit Analysis method Methods for
elimination or
reduction
21 Phosphorus mg/l ARAVwV no.108  
22 Nitrogen mg/l ARAVwV no.106/107, 202  
23 AOX g/l DIN standard
38409-H14,
ARAVwV no.302		  
24 Chloride etc. mg/l DEV D5-7, D15, J7,
SM 156 - 158, 228		 Ion exchange, ultra-filtration, rev. osmosis
25 Nitrate, nitrite mg/l DEV D9-10, E5
SM 131-135, 212-216		 Biological decomposition
26 Heavy metals mg/l SM 211,
ARAVwV no.207 (Ca)
no.209 (chromium)/214 (Ni)/206 (Pb)/213 (Cu)/215 (Hg)		 Flocculation
27 Na+ etc. mg/l DEV H13-15,
SM 126, 147, 153		 Ion exchange, ultra-filtration, rev. osmosis
28 Toxicity and biodegradability   DEV L2-3  
29 Population equivalent   DEV L1  
30 Toxicity to fish TF**, %,
TEF*		 DEV L15, SM231
DIN standard 3842-L20, ARAVwV 401		  
31 Biological/
ecological water inspection (water quality classes)		   DEV M1-7,
SM 601-606		  

DEV: Deutsches Einheitsverfahren [German standardisation procedure]

SM: Standard methods (APHA)

Z: Zellcheming code of practice

1) ARAVwV: Appendix to the Rahmen-Abwasser-Verwaltungsvorschrift of 08.09.1989 [General Administrative Framework Regulation]

* TEF: toxicity emission factor ** TF: toxity to fish

 

Table 3.1.2A
(Minimum) Wastewater Requirements (specific)
As at January 1990 in Germany
Type of
pulp or paper		 COD
kg/t
max. 2)		 BOD
kg/t
max.		 BOD
mg /l		 AOX
kg/t
max.		 Toxicity
to fish
TF max.		 Substances which can
be precipitated
ml/l max.
Pulp (generally) 70 5   1** 2  
Paper:
writing and printing papers, depending on type
5 - 7
0.7 -6
25		  
0.5		 0.5
0.5
Based on waste paper 6 1.2       0.5
Parchment 12 6     0.5 0.5

2) Tonne, air dry = 0.9 t absolutely dry

**) Not applicable to dissolving pulp until 31.12.1992

 

Table 3.1.2b
Pollutant Units for the Measurement of Wastewater Discharges in Germany
No. Pollutants and pollutant groups assessed The following units of measurement are equivalent to one pollution unit in each case Threshold values
by concentration
and annual quantity
1 Oxidizable substances in chemical oxygen demand (COD) 50 kilograms oxygen 20 milligrams per litre and
250 kilograms annual quantity
2 Phosphorus 3 kilograms 0.1 milligrams per litre and
15 kilograms annual quantity
3 Nitrogen 25 kilograms 5 milligrams per litre and
125 kilograms annual quantity
4 Organic halogen compounds as adsorbable organically bound halogens (AOX) 2 kilograms halogen, calculated as organically bound chlorine 100 micrograms per litre and
10 kilograms annual quantity
5 Metals and their compounds:   and
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6		 Mercury
Cadmium
Chromium
Nickel
Lead
Copper		 20 grams
100 grams
500 grams
500 grams
500 grams
1,000 grams
of metal		 1 microgram
5 micrograms
50 micrograms
50 micrograms
50 micrograms
100 micrograms per litre		 100 grams
500 grams
2.5 kilograms
2.5 kilograms
2.5 kilograms
5 kilograms
annual quantity
6 Toxicity to fish 3,000 cubic metres of wastewater divided by TF TF = 2  

TF is the dilution factor at which the wastewater is no longer toxic in the fish test.

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