BIODIVERSITY
HOTSPOT
Thailur |
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION |
1. Name of the
Hotspot: Thailur Tank.
2. Focal species:
a. Plants
Terminalia
tomentosa, Pongamia pinnata, Samanea saman, Cassia fistula, Tamarindus indicus,
Azadirachta indica
(List attached)
b. Mammals:
Jackal,
Pangolin, Three striped palm squirrel,
(List
attached)
c. Reptiles:
Russell’s Viper, Rat Snake, Saw Scaled
Viper, Cobra
(List
attached)
d. Birds:
(List attached)
e. Fishes:
(Sourve Mr. Chandrashekariah & Mr. Rahman)
3.
Coordinating Team: None.
4.
Investigating Team: Pramod Subbarao,
Harish Bhat and Dr. Chakravarthy A K.,
Experience/expertise: Naturalist and
Researchers
5.
Dates of data collection: From 08-02-2004 To
08-02-2004
6.
Process of data collection: Field visits,
Interviews.
7.
Sources of information:
·
Villagers
·
Fisheries department
·
NGOs
8.
Number of man-days consumed in data collection: 3 Days
SETTING |
(For core area, zone of influence)
1.
Location: Thailur
Tank
2.
Area (in ha or sq.km.):
3.
Latitude/Longitude/Altitude:
Latitude:
Longitude:
Altitude:
Temperature:
Rainfall:
4.
Village/Town/Taluk/District: Rudrakshapura, Maddur, Mandya
5.
Maps (kind of map and the scale):
6. Mode of access
(Distance from Railway/Bus station):
Distance From |
Bus Station (in kms) |
Railway Station (in kms) |
Bangalore |
70 |
|
Mandya |
|
|
Maddur |
|
|
Mysore |
|
Nearest Airports:
Bangalore
7. Facilities to
stay closest to the hotspot: Hotels at Mandya and Maddur.
8.
Tariff (if any) to be paid to visit the Hotspots:
None
9. Controlling
Authorities: Minor Irrigation
Department
10.
Classes of Landscape: Plain land and
tank area
11.
Water bodies:
Single vast reservoir with perennial source of water. At present the
water level has decreased drastically.
12.
Human populations: No human
settlement within the hotspot.
13.
Presence of Scheduled tribes or Nomadic tribes
population: None
14.
Livestock: Cattle and sheep are found in great numbers.
15.
Irrigation status & Major crops: Major source of water for irrigation and
drinking purpose. Ragi, Sugarcane & Vegetables.
16.
Significant forest produce: Nil
17.
Quantities recorded at the Range or Divisional
Forest Offices: No data available since no collection is made. NA
18.
Cooperative societies and their transactions: NA.
19.
Significant fresh water fish productions: Very moderate.
20.
Disposal of fishing rights
(Leasing/Auctioning/License): No such controlling at the tank.
21.
Significant estuarine & marine fish/shell fish
productions: NA.
22.
Number and type of fishing crafts: Coracle, angling
and drag net.
23.
Nearest Fishing landing centres: NA.
24.
Availability of fish processing facilities: NA.
25.
Mining and quarrying activities: NA.
26.
Sources & extent of Air and Water pollution: The land filling
and brick making activities are shrinking the area of the tank and polluting
the water.
27.
Prevalence of Human diseases: NA.
28.
Prevalence of Livestock diseases: NA
29. Educational
institutions: None at the immediate access close to the hotspot.
30.
Cooperative societies: None
31.
Youth clubs:
32.
Ladies clubs:
33.
Active NGOs: Hejjarle Balaga, Kokkrebellur.
THREATS AND SUPPORTIVE RESTORATION ACTIVITIES |
Inventory of two kinds of activities affecting the core area as well as
zone of influence
Table – 1
|
Name of
individual/institutions/agency |
Activity with a
positive influence on core area |
Activity with a
negative influence on core area |
Activity with a
positive influence on zone of influence |
Activity with a
negative influence on the zone of influence |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
Local
individuals |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Local
institutions |
- |
- |
- |
Reporting and
Documentation |
- |
Outside
individuals |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Grazing, Fuel
Wood Collection, Fishing |
Outside institutions |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Government
agencies |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Industrial,
mining companies etc. |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Any other
agencies |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
LIST OF KNOWLEDGE INDIVIDUALS |
Table-2
Sr.No. |
Name |
Age group |
Sex |
Community |
Address of
Expertise |
1 |
Shivanna |
28 |
M |
|
NGO member |
2 |
Dr, A K
Chakravarthy |
48 |
M |
|
Professor, V C
Farm, Mandya |
3 |
Sridhar S |
52 |
M |
|
Naturalist |
HABITATS |
(For core area, zone of influence)
a.
Preparation of
sketch map of the landscape
1. For zone of
influence
2. For zone of
influence
b.
Description of
Habitat types
1.
Habitat type: Plain land.
2.
Local name (if any):
3.
Approximate total area (ha):
4.
Special significance of the habitat type (if any): The Thailur tank
is the only food source for Pelicans, Painted Storks and other birds that nest
in Kokkrebellur 10 kms away
5.
Management regimes: None.
6.
Goods and Services provided by the habitat: Provides water for drinking purpose and also
recharges the surrounding open wells. Provides food and water for Pelicans,
Painted Storks and other water birds.
7.
Bads and Disservices provided by the habitat: NA.
8.
Significant ecological processes influenced by the
habitat type: NA.
9.
Significant man- induced processes influenced by
the habitat: No significant man –induced processes.
10.
Interacting individuals and institutions (Local): No interaction
of individuals & institutions.
11.
Activities: Brick making, Land filling, Fishing
occur at the tank.
12.
Interacting individuals and institutions
(External): NA.
13.
Activities: NA.
c.
History of
important habitat patches over 10-15/40-50 years
1.
Type and name of the habitat patch: Thaiilur Kere
2. Change in
i.
Area: Peripheral area shrunken to some extent due to
encroachment and land filling.
ii.
Vegetation strata: Plain land.
3. Aquatic habitat
change in
i.
Catchment area:
ii.
Aquatic fauna:
iii.
Aquatic flora: Nymphaea stellata, Cyperus Haspan,
Lemna sp.
4.
Significant ecological processes influencing the
habitat patch: Nil.
5.
Significant man induced processes influencing the
habitat patch: Landscape transformation, water scarcity due to extra demand for
cultivation of water dependent commercial crops.
6.
Productivity of Goods and Services: NA.
7.
Extent of Bads and Disservices: Nil.
8.
Reasons for ongoing changes: Demand for land
by encroachers, Drought.
9.
Gainers: Contractors and Encroachers
10.
Losers: Local villagers dependent on the tank for water
and also the dependent water birds.
11.
Desired changes/Desired future: Need to be properly
protected involving NGO’s and local people. Maintain water level by proper
management.
12.
Desired management system: To monitor the water level and regulate
fishing activities during acute shortage. The irrigation department must
evaluate every year the progress
13.
Suggested component for a feasible management plan
for that habitat patch:
Work according to
the suggested components and villagers to be involved in drawing the management
plan.
LIFE SCAPE |
(For core area, zone of influence)
a.
Naturally
occurring species of significance
1.
|
Aknkole |
Alangium lamarckii |
2.
|
Ala |
Ficus bengalensis |
3.
|
Ale, Hale |
Wrightia tinctoria |
4.
|
Amte, Goddamea, Goddamate |
Spondias mangifera |
Antuvala |
Sapindus emarginatus |
|
6.
|
Arali |
Ficus religiosa |
7.
|
Avarike, Thangadi |
Cassia auriculata |
8.
|
Bademara, Goje |
Bridelia retusa |
9.
|
Bage |
Albizzia lebbeck |
10.
|
Bemmarly |
Zizyphus rugosa |
11.
|
Bevu |
Azadirachta indica |
12.
|
Bilimathi |
Terminalia arjuna |
13.
|
Billihuli |
Fluggea spp. |
14.
|
Bilpatre |
Aegle marmelos |
15.
|
Bilwara |
Albizzia odoratissima |
16.
|
Bore, Belachi |
Zizyphus jujuba |
17.
|
Buruga, Yelaga |
Bombax malabaricum |
18.
|
Chagache |
Cassia tora |
19.
|
Channangi |
Lagerstroemia
parviflora |
20.
|
Chittunde |
Cipadessa bacciferra |
21.
|
Devadaru |
Erythroxylon monogynum |
22.
|
Eechalu (kiri),
Kirachalu |
Phoenix humilis |
23.
|
Ekka (Yukke), Yukka |
Calotropis gigantea |
24.
|
Gujiga |
Caesalpinia bonducella |
25.
|
Gulaganji |
Abrus precatorius |
26.
|
Hesarugani, Helege |
Dalbergia lanceolata |
27.
|
Honge |
Pongamia glabra |
28.
|
Huchubeve |
Melia composita |
29.
|
Huligada |
Fluggea microcarpa |
30.
|
Hunse |
Tamarindus indica |
31.
|
Jagalaganti |
Diospyros montana |
32.
|
Kaduroga, Lantana |
Lantana camara |
33.
|
Kakke |
Cassia fistula |
34.
|
Lakki |
Vitex neugundo |
35.
|
Mavu |
Mangifera indica |
36.
|
Muthanga |
Butea frondosa |
37.
|
Nilagiri |
Eucalyptus Spp. |
38.
|
Papaskalli |
Opuntia dillenii |
39.
|
Soddi |
Zizyphys oenoplia |
40.
|
Thumbe |
Leucas aspera |
41.
|
Thumbegida |
Abutilon indicum |
v Butterfly
1. |
Blue Bottle,
Common |
Graphium sarpedon |
2. |
Cerulean,
Common |
Jamides celeno |
3. |
Crimson Tip |
Colotis danae |
4. |
Crow, Common
Indian |
Euploea core |
5. |
Eggfly, Danaid |
Hypolimnas
misippus |
6. |
Emigrant,
Common |
Catopsilia
pomona |
7. |
Grass Yellow,
Common |
Eurema hecabe |
8. |
Jewel, Grass |
Freyeria
trochylus |
9. |
Jezebel, Common |
Delias eucharis |
10. |
Mormon, Blue |
Papilio
polymnestor |
11. |
Mormon, Common |
Papilio polytes |
12. |
Pansy, Lemon |
Junonia
lemonias |
13. |
Pansy, Yellow |
Junonia hierta |
14. |
Pierrot, Common |
Castalius
rosimon |
15. |
Pioneer |
Anaphaeis
aurota |
16. |
Rose, Crimson |
Pachliopta
hector |
17. |
Sailer, Common |
Neptis hylas |
18. |
Tiger, Blue |
Tirumala
linniace |
19. |
Tiger, Plain |
Danaus chrysippus |
20. |
Tiger, Striped |
Danaus genutia |
21. |
Wanderer,
Common |
Pareronia
valeria |
1. |
|
Schistura
donisoni donisoni |
|
2. |
|
Poecilia
reticulatus |
|
3. |
|
Oreochromis
mossambica |
|
4. |
|
Netepterus
netepterus |
|
5. |
|
Cyprinus carpie
communis |
|
6. |
|
Puntius sopore |
|
7. |
|
Geneproktepterus
kelus |
|
8. |
|
Parambassis
ranga |
|
9. |
Barb, Flying |
Esemus danricus |
|
10. |
Barb, Sarana |
Puntius sarana
sarana |
|
11. |
Barb, Swamp |
Puntius chola |
|
12. |
Barb, Ticto |
Puntius ticto |
|
13. |
Butter fish |
Cellichrous
bimaculatus |
Bennae meenu |
14. |
Carp, Minnow |
Salmestoma
clupoides |
|
15. |
Carp, Reba |
Cirrhinus reba |
|
16. |
Catfish, Black |
Clarios
batrachus |
Ane meenu |
17. |
Catfish, Butter |
Ompok
bimaculatus |
|
18. |
Catfish,
Striped dwarf |
Mystus vittatus |
Girlu |
19. |
Danio, Giant |
Danio
aequipinnatus |
|
20. |
Eel, Spiny |
Mastacembelus
armatus |
Haavu meenu |
21. |
Labeo,
Orange-fin |
Labeo calbasu |
|
22. |
Mahseer |
Tor neilli |
Bili Meenu |
23. |
Minnow, Silver
razorbelly |
Salmestoma
acinaces |
|
24. |
Mola carplet |
Amblypharyngedon
mola |
|
25. |
Mystus,
Gangetic |
Mystus cavasius |
|
26. |
Panchax,
Striped |
Aplocheilus
lineatus |
|
27. |
Panchax,
Striped |
Aplocheilus
kineatus |
|
28. |
Pigmouth Labeo |
Labeo kontius |
Handi Kurdu |
29. |
Rasbora,
Slender |
Rasbora
daniconius |
|
30. |
Rohu |
Labeo rohita |
|
31. |
Scorpion fish |
Heteropneustes
fostilis |
Chelu menu |
32. |
Shark, Fresh
Water |
Wallago attu |
Bale meenu |
33. |
Snakehead,
Asiatic |
Channa
orientalis |
Mottu |
34. |
Snakehead,
Asiatic |
Channa
orientalis |
|
35. |
Snakehead,
Spotted |
Channa
punctatus |
Korava |
36. |
Sol |
Channa striatus |
|
1. |
Bullfrog, Indian |
Rana tigrina |
2. |
Tree Frog |
|
v Lizards
1. |
Agama, Rock |
Psammophilus
dorsalis |
2. |
Chameleon,
Indian |
Chameleo zeylanicus |
3. |
Lizard, Common
Garden |
Calotes
versicolor |
4. |
Skink, Brahminy |
|
5. |
Skink, Snake |
|
v Snakes
1. |
Cobra,
Spectacled |
Naja naja |
2. |
Bronzebacked
Tree Snake |
Dendrelaphis calligaster |
3. |
Keelback,
Checkered |
Xenochrophis
piscator |
4. |
Rat Snake,
Common |
Ptyas mucosa |
5. |
Viper,
Russell’s |
Daboia russelii |
6. |
Viper, Saw
scaled |
Echis carinatus |
7. |
Wolf Snake,
Common |
Lycodon
capicunus |
v Tortoises
q
Indian Flap Shell (Lissemys punctata)
1.
|
Barbet, Small Green |
Megalaima viridis |
2.
|
Barbet, Coppersmith |
Megalaima haemacephala |
3.
|
Bee-Eater, Bluetailed |
Merops philippinus |
4.
|
Bee-Eater, Small Green |
Merops orientalis |
5.
|
Bulbul, Red Vented |
Pycnonotus cafer |
6.
|
Bulbul, Red Whiskered |
Pycnonotus jocosus |
7.
|
Bulbul, White browed |
Pycnonotus luteolus |
8.
|
Bushchat, Pied |
Saxicola caprata |
9.
|
Pernis ptilorhynchos |
|
10.
|
Coot, Common |
Fulica atra |
11.
|
Cormorant, Little |
Phalacrocorax niger |
12.
|
Coucal, Lesser |
Centropus bengalensis |
13.
|
Crow, House |
Corvus splendens |
14.
|
Crow, Jungle |
Corvus macrorhynchos |
15.
|
Dove, Spotted |
Streptopelia chinensis |
16.
|
Drongo, Black |
Dicrurus macrocercus |
17.
|
Duck, Spotbilled |
Anas poecilorhyncha |
18.
|
Egret, Cattle |
Bubulcus ibis |
19.
|
Egret, Little |
Egretta egretta |
20.
|
Egret, Median |
Mesophoyx intermedia |
21.
|
Finchlark, Ashycrowned |
Eremoteris grisea |
22.
|
Finchlark, Rufous
Tailed |
Ammomanes phoenicurus |
23.
|
Flowerpecker, Tickell’s |
Dicaeum
erythrorhynchos |
24.
|
Goose, Bar headed |
Anser indicus |
25.
|
Grebe, Little |
Podiceps ruficollis |
26.
|
Hawk-Cuckoo, Common |
Cuculus varius |
27.
|
Heron, Pond |
Ardeola grayii |
28.
|
Heron, Purple |
|
29.
|
Hoopoe |
Upupa epops |
30.
|
Kingfisher, Small Blue |
Alcedo atthis |
31.
|
Kingfisher, White
Breasted |
Halcyon smyrnensis |
32.
|
Kite, Black |
Milvus migrans |
33.
|
Kite, Brahminy |
Haliastur Indus |
34.
|
Koel, Asian |
Eudynamys scolopacea |
35.
|
Lapwing, Red-Wattled |
Vanellus indicus |
36.
|
Lapwing,
Yellow-Wattled |
Vanellus malabaricus |
37.
|
Myna, Common |
Acridotheres tristis |
38.
|
Oriole, Golden |
Oriolus oriolus |
39.
|
Owlet, Spotted |
Athene brama |
40.
|
Parakeet, Rose Ringed |
Psittacula krameri |
41.
|
Partridge, Grey |
Francolinus
pondericerianus |
42.
|
Pigeon, Blue Rock |
Columba livia |
43.
|
Pintail |
Anas acuta |
44.
|
Pipit, Paddyfield |
Anthus rufulus |
45.
|
Pipit, Tree |
Anthus trivialis |
46.
|
Pitta, Indian |
Pitta brachyura |
47.
|
Aythya nyroca |
|
48.
|
Robin, Indian |
Saxicoloides fulicata |
49.
|
Robin, Oriental Magpie |
Copsychus saularis |
50.
|
Roller, Indian |
Coracias benghalensis |
51.
|
Sandpiper, Common |
Tringa hypoleucos |
52.
|
Accipiter badius |
|
53.
|
Shoveller, Northern |
Anas clypeata |
54.
|
Shrike, Rufous Backed |
Lanius schach |
55.
|
Sparrow, House |
Passer domesticus |
56.
|
Mycteria leucocephala |
|
57.
|
Sunbird, Purple |
Nectarinia asiatica |
58.
|
Sunbird, Purplerumped |
Nectarinia zeylonica |
59.
|
Swallow, Red Rumped |
Hirundo daurica |
60.
|
Tailor Bird |
Orthotomus sutorius |
61.
|
Nettapus
coromandelianus |
|
62.
|
Tern, River |
Sterna aurantia |
63.
|
Tit, Grey |
Parus major |
64.
|
Treepie, Indian |
|
65.
|
Wagtail, Large Pied |
Motacilla
maderaspatensis |
66.
|
Warbler, Blythe’s reed |
Acrocephalus dumetorum |
67.
|
Waterhen,
Whitebreasted |
Amaurornis phoenicurus |
68.
|
Woodpecker, Lesser
Golden-backed |
Dinopium benghalense |
69. |
Pelican, Spot billed |
|
70. |
Storks, Painted |
|
71. |
Goose, Bar Headed |
|
1. |
Jackal |
Canis aureus |
2. |
Macaque, Bonnet |
Macaca radiata |
3. |
Mongoose, Small
Indian |
Herpestes
auropunctatus |
4. |
Loris, Slender |
Loris
tardigradus |
5. |
Squirrel, Three
Striped Palm |
Funambulus
palmarum |
6. |
Shrew |
Suncus murinus |
7. |
Bat, Fruit |
Rousettus
leschenaultii |
b.
Additional
information on species of significance
1.
Most common local name of the species (Language):
Common Local
Name (in Kannada) |
Common Name |
Scientific name |
2. Scientific name
of the species: See the table above.
3.
Habitat favoured: Wetland and the plains.
4.
Value to local community: Moderate.
5.
Major uses/ill effects: NA
6. Value of global
relevance (as Rare, Threatened or Endangered):
Rare |
Threatened |
Endangered |
|
|
|
Painted Stork |
|
|
|
|
|
Spot Billed
Pelican Bar Headed
Goose |
Spot Billed
Pelican |
Bar Headed
Goose |
c.
Inventory of
significant varieties of domestic plants/animals:
1.
Local name of Species: NA.
2.
Scientific name of species: NA.
3.
Local name of variety: NA.
4.
Language employed: NA.
5.
Distinctive features of the species/varieties: NA.
6.
Value to local community: NA.
7.
Major uses: NA.
8.
Value of global relevance (as rare, threatened or
endemic etc.): NA.
d.
History of
significant species/varieties
1.
Most common name of the species: NA.
2.
Scientific name: NA.
3.
Most common local name of variety: NA.
4.
Existing management authority: NA.
5.
Fish breeding season: NA.
6.
Fishing methods (Types of nets used): NA.
7.
Existing management authority: NA.
8.
Current level of abundance: NA.
9.
Trend in abundance in last 10-15/40-50 years: NA.
10.
Significant ecological processes influencing the
species/varieties: NA.
11.
Significance man induced processes influencing the
species/variety: NA.
12.
Reasons for the ongoing change: NA.
13.
Gainers (Internal/External): NA.
14.
Losers (Internal/External): NA.
15.
Desired changes/Desired future: NA.
16.
Desired management system: NA.
17.
Suggested component for a feasible management plan
for the species/variety: NA.
MANAGEMENT |
(For core area, zone of influence)
a.
Perspectives of
others
1.
Desired response options of different members of
local or outside communities/institutions/government agencies/industrial or
mining undertaking etc. to be recorded):
Per Mr. Shivanna
of Hejjarle Balaga (Kokkrebellur), Thailur lake is the only source of food for
Painted Storks Pelicans and other water fowl. This needs to be protected as is
where is. Any change/development in the area might distort the delicate balance
of the water fowl-wetland equation. As a repercussion, the population of the
Pelicans, Painted Storks etc will dwindle at Kokkrebellur.
2.
Significance of management issues and response
options: Minor Irrigation manages the lake. The locals feel that the water
level needs to be monitored regularly.
3. Management issues
pertaining to:
a. Habitat and/or:
NA
b. Species/variety:
NA
4.
Customary/Administrative:
Customary: NA.
Administrative:
NA.
5. Since how long
the arrangements have been in practice: Since ages.
6. Changes if any in
management pattern over last 10-15/40-50 years:
v Silting of lake
has reduced the water logging capacity, hence offering a threat of tank drying
during the summer.
v Illegal fishing
by locals is dwindling the fish catch for the birds.
7. Desired
changes/Desired future:
v All illegal
activities to be curbed and the tank should be maintained status quo.
8. Desired
management system: NA
b.
Perspectives of
Investigators:
v The Thailur lake
is strategically located for the birds in Kokkrebellur. Many activities like
fishing, brick making etc to be curbed.
v A management
system needs to be drawn taking into confidence, the locals and the naturalists
alike and implemented thoroughly.
c.
Desired and
feasible pattern of management that should be promoted in the opinion of the
investigators:
See above
d.
Suggested
strategy for promoting these desired patterns of management and the
communication needs for the purpose:
See above
e.
Cultural,
religious, recreational, scenic, tourist significance of the hotspot:
A Shiva temple at Rudrakshipura attracts lots of devotees from the
peripheral villages.
f.
Ecological
evaluation of the hotspot: It is the only food source for pelicans and painted
storks.
g.
Suggested follow
up investigations:
v Desiltation to be carried out
v Brick making, Land filling and illegal fishing to be curbed
v Enumerate birds and fishes
v Local tree species not to be felled
v More local tree species to be planted
v Shauchalayas to be constructed around the peripheral villages
v The conduct of tourists, devotees visiting the hotspot should be
regulated.
h.
Any other
suggested follow up:
Monitor
periodically the visiting water birds.
Check
list of fishes present in the tank.
A
board depicting the presence of many important rare birds and also the
importance of the same.