	AQUATIC HOTSPOT Chunchunkatte

	Setting \| Threats \| Knowledge Individuals \| Habitat \| Life Scape \| Management

Name of the Hotspot:	Chunchunkatte
Focal species:	Mahseer Tor khudree (Sykes)
Coordinating team:	Dr. Madhav Gadgil and team
Investigating team:	H.N. Chandrashekaraiah,M.F. Rahman, K. Sham Bhat & G.V. Kowtal.
Date of data collection:	29.11.2003 - 30.11.2003
Process of data collection:	Field visits and interviews
Source of information:	Shri. H.S Mahadeva, Assistant Director of Fisheries, K.R. Nagar, Rama, Shekhar, Shivappa, Annaiya Burudebestha fishermen Hunsur ; Anjana Mahila Meenugarara Sangha, Hampapura, Fishermen Cooperative society, Hampapura
Number of man-days consumed in data collection:	16 man days

Location	Across river Cauvery at Chunchunkatte
Area (in ha, or sq Km)	5 ha
Latitude / Longitude / Altitude	Lat. 120 - 29' / Long 760 - 23' / Alt
Village/ Town / Taluk / District	Chunchunkatte/ Chunchunkatte / K.R Nagar / Mysore
Maps (Kind of maps and the scale	Enclosed
Mode of access (Distance from Railway station / Bus station )	16 Km from K.R Nagar- Hassan Road,K.R. Nagar R/y. Statiom - 16 Km
Facilities to stay closest to the Hotspot	At K.R. Nagar there is a P.W.D Inspection bungalow
Tariff (if any) to be paid to visit the Hotspot	Nil
Controlling authorities	Department of Fisheries
Classes of landscape	Rocky river bed and surrounded by boulders
Water bodies	River Cauvery
Human populations	1000
Presence of scheduled tribes or Nomadic tribes population	20
Livestock	Cattle, Buffalows, Sheep, Goats Poultry, Piggery
Irrigation status and major corps	Paddy, Sugar cane, Maize, Ragi.
Significant forest produce	Not Applicable
Cooperative Societies and their transactions.	Hampapura Fishermen Cooperative Society Hampapura Anjana Meenugarara Sangha, Hampapur Conduct fishing in K.R Sagar reservoir and river Cauvery. Availed assistance of Rs. 2.00 Lakhs from Fisheries Co-Operative Federation, Mysore for procuring nets, coracles, etc. They have built their own building at a cost of Rs. 1.00 lakh to house Fishermen and Fisherwomen Cooperative Societies. Fisherwomen have Rs. 50,000/- in their society. They provide loan to its members up to Rs. 5000/- at 3% interest. Provide loans for marriages, etc.
Significant freshwater fish productions	Major carps indigenous carps, catfishes and exotic craps (Common carp, Tilapia)
Disposal of fishing rights (Leasing / Auctioning / Licences)	By issue of licences by the Dept. of Fisheries
Number and types of fishing crafts	Coracles
Nearest fish landing centres	Chunchunkatte, K.R. Nagar, Hampapura
Availability of fish processing facilities	Nil. Fish caught is being sold in fresh condition at Chunchunkatte, K.R. Nagar, Hampapur
Mining and quarrying activities	Nil
Sources and extent of air and water pollution	Nil
Prevalence of human diseases	Not on record
Prevalence of livestock diseases	Not on record except stray cases of mouth and leg diseases in cattle
Educational Institutions	Pre-primary School -Secondary School - High Secondary School
Cooperative Societies	1. Anjana Mahila Meenugarara Sangha, Hampapura 2 Fishermen Cooperative Society, Hampapura.
Youth clubs	No
Ladies clubs	No
Active NGOs	No

	Name of individual / institution / agency.	Activity with a positive influence on core area	Activity with a negative influence on core area	Activity with a positive influence on zone of influence	Activity with a negative influence on zone of influence
Local individuals	Fishermen		Fishing	Fishermen	Fishing
Local institutions	Nil	Nil	Nil		Nil
Outside individuals	Burde Besthas Nomadic fisher men	-	Fishing	-	Fishing
Outside institutions	-	-	-	-	-
Government agencies	Department of Fisheries	Stocking of carps	Issues Licences	Nil	Issue of Licences
Industrial, mining companies, etc	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil
Any other agency	M/S Graphite India has constructed an Anecut for drawal of water for Hydro- power generation	Nil	Reduces the water flow at Chunchunkatte Falls	Nil	Reduced water level leads to indiscriminate fishing

Name	Age	Sex	Community	Address
H. S Mahadeva	40	M		Asst. Director of Fisheries, K.R. Nagar - 958223
Rama	38	M	Tribal fishermen	Hunsur
Shekhar	35	M	Tribal fishermen	Hunsur
Shivappa	41	M	Tribal fishermen	Hunsur
Annaiya	34	M	Tribal fishermen	Hunsur
Fishermen Cooperative society		M		Hampapura
Anjana Mahila Meenugarara Sangha		M		Hampapura
Shri. Kattimani		M		Fishermen

Preparation of sketch map of the landscape:
1	For zone of influence – upstream	Enclosed
2	For zone of influence – Down stream	Enclosed
B	Description of Habitat types
1	Habitat name	Chunchunkatte Falls
2	Local name (if any)	Seethe – Bachalu
3	Approximate total area (ha.)	5 ha.
4	Special significance of the habitat type (if any)	Because of the ‘Falls’, the fishes, congregate during monsoon at the foot of the ‘Falls’ where fishes are indiscriminately caught.Even brood stocks are caught.
5	Management regimes	Licencing
6	Goods and services provided by the habitat	Fishery
7	Bads and Disservices provided by the habitat	Nil
8	Significant ecological processes influenced by the habitat type	Rocky terrian with water ‘fall’ provides scope for fish congregation facilitating their easy harvest.
9	Significant man induced processes influenced by the habitat type	Nil
10	Interacting individuals and institution(Local)	Members of Fishermen Cooperative Societies.M/s Graphite India,Department of Fisheries.M/sGraphite India is drawing water from the upstream stretch of the river for Hydro-power generation.
11	Activities	Department of Fisheries is issuing Licences for fishermen to conduct fishing using small meshed nets, all round the year
12	Interacting individuals and institutions (External)	Migratory fishermen, tourists, and pilgrims.
13	Activities	Fishing Dynamiting, etc.
C	History of important habitatPatches over 10 – 15 / 40-50 years
1	Type and name of the habitat patch	Chunchunkatte Falls
2	Change in:-
i.	Area	Not significant
ii.	Vegetation strata	Very little change
3.	Aquatic habitat change in :-
i.	Catchment area	Nil
ii.	Aquatic fauna	Reported to have drastically changed
iii.	Aquatic flora	Very little change
4.	Significant ecological processes influencing the habitat patch	Low water during summer months affects fishery of the area

i. PLANKTON:
	PHYTOPLANKTON :
	Chlorophyceae : Spirogyra
	Bacillariophyceae : Synedra
	Fragillaria
	ZOOPLANKTON :
	Copepoda : Cyclops
	Cladocera : Daphnia
ii. BENTHOS :
	Insects :
	Order : Odonata
	Suborder : Anisoptera
	Family : LIBELLULIDAE
	1. Urothemis signata (Rambur)
	Order : Hemiptera
	Family : GERRIDAE
	2. Gerris spinolae Leth & Sev
	Family : NOTONECTIDAE
	3. Notonecta glauca Linnaeus
	Family : NEPIDAE
	4. Hydrometra elongata Fabricius
	Family : BELOSTOMATIDAE
	5. Diplonychus annulatum Fabricius
	Family : CORIXIDAE
	6. Corixa hieroglyphica Duf
	7. Micronecta merope Dist
	Order : Coleoptera
	Family : DYTISCIDAE
	8. Dytiscus limbatus Fabricius
	Molluscs :
	Class : Gastropoda
	Subclass : Prosobranchia
	Order : Mesogastropoda
	Family : VIVIPARIDAE
	Subfamily : Bellamyinae
	Genus : Bellamya Jousseaune
	1. Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck)
	Family : THIARIDAE
	Subfamily : Thiarinae s. str
	Genus : Thiara Roding
	Subgenus : Thiara s. str
	2. Thiara (Thiara) scabra (Mueller)
	Subgenus : Melanoides Olivier
	3. Thiara (Melanoides)tuberculata (Mueller)
	Subfamily : Melanotriinae
	Genus : Sulcospira Troschel
	4. Sulcospira hugeli Philipi
	Class : Bivalvia
	Subclass : Paleoheterodonta
	Order : Unionida
	Family : UNIONIDAE
	Subfamily : Unioninae
	Genus : Lamellidens Simpson
	5. Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck)
	Subclass : Heterodonta
	Order : Veneroida
	Family : CORBICULIDAE
	Genus : Corbicula Megerle von. Muehlfeld
	6. Corbicula striatella Deshayes
	CRUSTACEA :
	Class : Crustacea
	Subclass : Malacostraca
	Order : Decapoda
	Family : PALAEMONIDAE
	1. Macrobrachium spp
	2. Caridi na spp
iii.AQUATIC WEEDS:
	Family : CONVOLVULACEAE
	Genus : Ipomoea
	1. Ipomoea aquatica Forsk
	Family : HYDROCHARITACEAE
	Genus : Vallisneria
	2. Vallisneria spiralis Linnaeus
	Family : CYPERACEAE
	Genus : Cyperus
	3. Cyperus distans Linnaeus
iv. FISH SPECIES :
	Order : Osteoglossiformes
	Suborder : Notopteroidei
	Family : NOTOPTERIDAE
	Genus : Notopterus Lacepede
	1. Notopterus notopterus [Comname: Gary Feather back, Kannada: Chappali]
	Order : Cypriniformes
	Family : CYPRINIDAE
	Subfamily: Danioninae (=Rasborinae)
	Tribe : Oxygasterini
	Genus : Salmostoma Swainson
	2. Salmostoma acinaces [Comname: Silver razorbelly minnow, Kannada: Sampaj]
	3. Salmostoma untrachi (Day) [Comname: Mahnadi razor -belly minnow, Kannada: Chalake]
	Tribe : Danionini
	Genus : Rasbora Bleeker
	4 Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton - Buchanan) [Comname: Black line Rasbora, Kannada: Golai]
	Subfamily: Cyprininae
	Tribe : Cyprinini
	Subtribe : Cyprini
	Genus : Cyprinus Linnaeus
	5. Cyprinus carpio, communis Linnaeus, [Comname: Common carp, Kannada: Samanya Gende]
	Subtribe : Tores
	Genus : Tor Gray
	6. Torhudree (Sykes), [Comname: Deccan Mahseer, Kannada: Bili -meenu ]

	Tribe : Systomini
	Subtribe : Systomi
	Genus : Puntius Hamilton-Buchanan
	7. Puntius carnatious (Hamilton-Buchanan), [Comname: Carnatic carp, Kannada: Machalu]
	8. Puntius sarana sarana (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Olive Barb, Kannada: Gende]
	9. Puntius sophore (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Spot-fin swampy barb, Kannada: Gud Pakke]
	10. Puntius ticto (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Ticto Barb, Kannada: Bud Pakke]

	Genus : Gonoproktopterus Bleeker
	11. Gonoproktopterus dubius (Day), [Comname: Niligiri carp, Kannada: Koorlu meenu]
	12. Gonoproktopterus micropogon micropogon (Valenciennes), [Comname: Korhi Barb, Kannada: Chitta koorlu]

	Tribe : Labeonini
	Subtribe : Labeones
	Genus : Cirrhinus Oken
	13 Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Mrigal, Kannada: Mrisal]
	14. Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Reba, Kannada: Arja]
	Genus : Catla Valenciennes
	15. Catla catla (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Catla, Kannada: Catla]

	Genus : Labeo Cuvier
	16. Labeo calbasu (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Calbasu, Kannada: Kage]
	17. Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch), [Comname: Fimbriatus, Kannada: Kem-meenu]
	18. Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan), [Comname: FimbriatusRohu, Kannada: Kem-meenuRohu]

	Subfamily: Oreininae
	Genus : Garra Hamilton-Buchanan
	19. Garra gotlya stenorhynchus (Jerdon), [Comname: Nilgiri Garra, Kannada: Kallu korava]

	Family : BALITORIDAE
	Subfamily: Nemacheilinae
	Genus : Schistura McClelland
	20. Schistura denisoni denisoni (Day), [Comname: Nilgiri Garra, Kannada: Murangi]

	Order : Siluriformes
	Family : BAGRIDAE
	Subfamily: Bagrinae
	Genus : Mystus Scopoli
	21. Mystus cavasius (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Gangetic Mystus, Kannada: Girlu]
	22. Mystus punctatus (Jerdon), [Comname: Nilgiri Mystus, Kannada: Kattalu]

	Genus : Aorichthys Wu
	23. Aorichthys seenghala (Sykes), [Comname: Giant river- catfish, Kannada: Bili - Suragi]

	Family : SILURIDAE
	Genus : Ompok Lacepede
	24. Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch), [Comname: Butter fish, Kannada: Godle]

	Genus : Wallago Bleeker
	25. Wallago attu (Schneider), [Comname: Fresh water Shark, Kannada: Balae]

	Family : CLARIIDAE
	Genus : Clarias Scopoli
	26. Claria batrachus Linnaeus [Comname: Magur, Kannada: Ane-meenu]

	Family : HETEROPNEUSTIDAE
	Genus : Heteropneustes Muller
	27. Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), [Comname: Singhi, Kannada: Chelu meenu]

	Order : Mugiliformes
	Family : MUGILIDAE
	Genus : Rhinomugil Gill
	28. Rhinomugil corsula (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Corsula Mullet, Kannada: Natti kannu]

	Order : Cyprinodontiformes
	Family : APLOCHEILIDAE
	Subfamily: Aplocheilinae
	Genus : Aplocheilus McClelland
	29. Aplocheilus lineatus (Valenciennes), [Comname: Killi-fish, Kannada: Moogu malli]

	Order : Synbranchiformes
	Suborder : Mastacembeloidei
	Family : MASTACEMBELIDAE
	Subfamily: Mastacembelinae
	Genus : Mastacembelus Scopoli
	30. Mastacembelus armatus Lacepede , [Comname: Spiny Eel, Kannada: Havu meenu]

	Order : Perciformes
	Suborder : Percoidei
	Family : CHANDIDAE(=AMBASSIDAE)
	Genus : Chanda Hamilton Buchanan
	31. Chanda nama Hamilton - Buchanan, [Comname: Elongate Glass Perchlet, Kannada: Bachinke]

	Genus : Parambasis Bleeker
	32. Parambassis ranga (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Glass fish, Kannada: Bachinke]

	Suborder : Labroidei
	Family : CICHLIDAE
	Genus : Orecochromis Gunther
	33. Oreochromis mossambica (Peters), [Comname: Tilapia, Kannada: Tilapia]

	Suborder : Globioidei
	Family : GOBIIDAE
	Subfamily: Gobiinae
	Genus : Glossogobius Gill
	34. Glossagobius giuris guiris (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Tank Goby, Kannada: Bhangi sidda]

	Suborder : Channoidei
	Family : CHANNIDAE
	Genus : Channa Scopoli
	35. Channa marulius (Hamilton - Buchanan), [Comname: Giant Snake -head, Kannada: Avulu]
	36. Channa striatus (Bloch), [Comname: Stripped Snake, Kannada: Kutchchu]

v. CRUSTACEA :
	Class : Crustacea
	Subclass : Malacostraca
	Order : Decapoda
	Family : PALAEMONIDAE
	1. Macrobrachium spp
	2 Caridina spp

vi AMPHIBIA :
	Phylum : Chordata
	Class : Amphibia
	Order : Salentia
	Suborder : Phaneroglossa
	Family : RANIDAE
	1 Rana cynophlyctes Schneider

vii REPTILIA :
	Order : Testudinata
	Family : TRIONYCHIDAE
	1 Lissemys punctata (Bonnatera)
	2 Lissemys punctata granosa (Schoepff)

	Order : Squamata
	Family : COLUMBRIDAE
	Subfamily : Homalopsinae
	3 Natrix piscator (Linnaeus)

viii AVES :
	Family : PHALOCROCORACIDAE
	1 Phalocrocorax fuscicollis
	2 Ahinga rufa melanogaster

	Family : ARDEIDAE
	3 Ardeola grayii
	4 Ardea alba

ix AQUATIC MAMMAL :
	Family : LUTRINAE
	1. Aonyx cinerea nirnai (Pocock)

Most common local name of the species (Languages)	Indicated
Scientific name of the species	Indicated
Habitat favoured	Fluviatile
Value to local community	Fish landed is used as food.
Major uses / ill effects	Food values, Fish congregation inclusive of species of fishes results in depletion of fishery.
Value of global relevance (as rare, threatened of endangered)	Tor khudree, Puntius carnaticus Gonoproktopterus, dubius Labeo calbasu L. finbriatus, C. Cirrhinus are the important threatened fish species of the river; therefore these fishes need be protected.

Most common name of the species	Indicated
Scientific name	Indicated
Most common local name of species	Indicated
Existing management authority	Department of Fisheries
Fish breeding season	Monsoon / Post monsoon
Fishing methods	Gillnets, castnets, dragnets, long-lines, rod and line.
Current level of abundance	Markedly decreased
Trend in abundance in last 10-15 / 40-50 years	Markedly decreased.
Significant ecological processes influencing the species	Reduced flow of water. Drawal of water for hydro power generation. Fish congregation have resulted in reduced fish population.
Significant man-induced processes influencing the species / variety	Indiscriminate fishing.
Reasons for the ongoing changes	As at 5(c) 9 above.
Gainers - Internal / External	Fishermen, Fish consumers.
Losers -Internal / External	Reduction of population in nature affecting fishery.
Desired changes / Desired future	The area may be declared as a 'fish sanctuary'.
Desired management system	Fishing should be prohibited.
Suggested component for a feasible management plan for the species	Department of Fisheries may replenish stocks of threatened fish in K.R. Sagar

Desired response options of different members of local or outside communities / institutions / government agencies / industrial or mining undertaking etc.	Public are of the opinion that indiscriminate fishing should be stopped.
Significance of management issues and response options	When there is sufficient water in the reservoirs located in the upper reaches, may release sufficient water to maintain normal flow of water in the river.
Management issues pertaining to
Habitat and /or Species / Variety	The entire area may be declared as a sanctuary.
Customery / Administrative	Department of Fisheries is issuing Licences for fishing.
Since how long the arrangements have bee in practice	Since many years
Changes, if any, in management pattern over last 10-15 / 40-50 years	Nil
Desired changes / Desired future	The area may be declared as 'fish sanctuary'.
Desired management system	Fisheries Department should control fishing dynamiting and take action to declare as 'fish sanctuary' and also develop the area.
Perspectives of Investigators	Fishing should be totally banned. Fish fauna of the area may be assessed. Threatened fish species may be rehabilitated.
Desired and feasible pattern of management that should be promoted in the opinion of the investigator	As stated, the entire Seethe bachalu area may be declared as sanctuary. No fishing should be allowed. Dynamiting and poisoning should be prevented. Proper watch and ward should be arranged. ANGO may be formed to take care of the area.
Suggested strategy for promoting this desired patterns of management and the communication needs for the purpose	Suitable name board may be fixed to indicate Do's and Dont's. A committee consisting of Officers from Fisheries Forest, Tourism, Muzarai may be constitute to over see the development and management of the area.
Cultural, religious, recreational, scenic, tourist significance of the Hotspot.	Religious , scenic, Tourists.
Ecological evaluation of the hotspot	Sensitive area as fish congregates at the foot of the 'falls'.
Suggested follow - up investigation	As in 6 (b) above.
Any other suggested follow - up	Nil