	AQUATIC HOTSPOT Hariharapura

	Setting \| Threats \| Knowledge Individuals \| Habitat \| Life Scape \| Management

Name of the Hotspot	Jammatige Hariharapura
Focal species	Mahseer-Tor khudree(Sykes)
Coordinating Team	Prof. Madhav Gadgil and team
Investigating Team	H.N. Chandrashekharaiah, M.F.Rahman, K.Sham Bhat and Dr.G.V.Kowtal
Dates of data collection	14.12.2003 - 31.12.2003
Process of data collection	Field study, reference work and interaction with local people.
Sources of information	Dr.C.K.Murthy, Joint Director of Fisheries,Bangalore. Sri.T.Venkateshappa, Dy Director of Fisheries,Shimoga. Sri.Mallikarjunaiah,Asst Director of Fisheries, Chikmagalur. Sri. Phaniraj Bhat Jammatige, Agrahar. Sri. Balakrishna Jammatige Agrahara. Sri.Suresh, Jammatige Agrahara.
Number of man-days consumed in data collection	12 man-days

Location	Jammatige Agrahara, Hariharapura
Area (in ha or sq km)	0.5 ha
Latitude / Longitude / Altitude	Lat. :13o33' Long.: 75o22m
Village / Town / Taluk / District	Jammatige, Hariharapura and Addada Village, Hariharapura, Taluk, Koppa, Chikamagalur District.
Maps (kind of map and the scale)	Enclosed
Modes of Access	(Distance from Railway station/Bus station) 10 km from Taluk Head Quarters at Koppas 70 Km from District Head Quarters at Chikmagalur, Nearest Railway Station, Shimoga / Kadur.
Facilities to stay closest to the hotspot	I.B. and hotels at Koppa and Hariharapura Matha.
Tariff ( if any) to be paid to visit the hotspot	Nil
Controlling authorities	1) Sri Neelkanteshwara Temple Seva Samithi, Hariharapura. 2) Asst Director of Fisheries, Koppa.
Classes of Landscape	Lower ranges of Western Ghat on Tunga River bounded on the Western side by Sri. Neelakanteswar Temple and Addada Village on the Eastern side.
Water bodies	Tunga River is the main water body.
Human Population	1981- 2294 Hariharapura 1092 Addada Presence of Scheduled tribes or Nomadic tribes population 1991
Live stock	Cattle
Irrigation status and Major crops	Areca, Coffee, Paddy are the major produce.
Significant forest produce	Timber
Quantities recorded at the Range or Divisional Forest offices	Not applicable
Cooperative Societies and their transactions	Not applicable
Significant fresh water fish productions	Major, minor carps and catfishes
Disposal of fishing rights (Leasing /Auctioning / Licence)	Licence for fishing in river stretched issued by Asst. Director of Fisheries, Koppa.
Significant estuarine and marine fish /shell fish productions	Not applicable.
Number and types of fishing crafts/gears	Coracles, floats, gillnets, castnets, traps and hooks.
Nearest fish landing centres and disposal system	Koppa, Local sales
Availability of fish processing facilities	Nil.
Mining and quarring activities in the	Nil area.
Sources and extent of air and water pollution	Pesticides washings from agricultural land and coffee curing units are not significant.
Prevalence of human diseases	Malaria
Prevalence of livestock diseases	Not Applicable
Educational Institutions	Not Applicable
Co-operative Societies	Not Applicable
Youth Clubs	Not Applicable
Ladies Club	Not Applicable
Active NGO's	Not Applicable

	Name of individual / institutions / agency	Activity with a positive influence on core area	Activity with a negative influence on core area	Activity with a positive influence on zone of influence	Activity with a negative influence on zone of influence
1	2	3	4	5	6
Local individuals	Sri Phaniraj Bhat Sri. Balakrishna Sri. Suresh	Protection and feeding of fishes of the sanctuary	Nil	Ceate awareness amongst villagers towards fish consenation	Nil
Local Institution	Sri. Nilakanteswara Temple Seva Samiti	Do	Nil	DO	NIL
Outside Individuals	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil
Outside Institution	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable	Not Applicable
Government Agencies	Asst. Director of Fisheries, Koppa	Fish Protection and Development	Nil	Create awareness amongst villagers about fish conservation	NA
Industrial, mining companies etc.,	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil
Any other agencies	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil	Nil

*Name*	*Age*	*Sex*	*Community*	*Address*
Sri Phaniraj Bhat	50-60	Male	Brahmin	Jammatige 08265-574133
Sri. Balakrishna	40-50	Male	Brahmin	Agrahara 574462
Sri. Suresh	25-30	Male	Brahmin	Hariharapura 574134
Sri. Krishnadevaru Bhat – Archaka	NA	Male	Brahmin	Taluk Koppa
Sri. Sheshadri Bhat – Archaka	NA	Male	Brahmin	Chikamagalur

(a)Preparation of sketchmap of the landscape
1. For zone of influence (upper)	Enclosed
2. For zone of influence (lower)	Enclosed
(b)Description of Habitat types
1. Habitat type	Semi-evergreen forest with riparian vegetation and cultivated lands.
2. Local name (if any)	Agrahara
3. Approximate total area (ha)	0.5 ha
4. Special significance of the habitat type(if any)	The river water is clean and unpolluted and supports a good population of Mahseer Tor khudree, and Puntius pulchellus.
5. Management regimes	The temple authorities attend to feeding the fish mainly by raw rice and cooked rice.
6. Goods and services provided by the habitat	River water is used for agricultural and domestic purposes and supports aquatic life.
7. Bads and Disservices provided by the habitat	Nil
8. Significant ecological processes influenced by habitat type	The water pool at the foot steps of temple provides protection for the fish.
9. Significant man-induced processes influenced by the habitat	The fish congregation has attracted the attention of the temple authorities and piligrims resulting in the construction of steps leading to the pool and feeding of fish.
10. Interacting individuals and institutions (Local)	Temple authorities guide the visitors / piligrims to the pool and narrate the history of the Mahseer fish and the sacred temple.
11. Activities	After performing pooja in Sri. Nilakanteswara temple the fishes are fed daily by the Archakas, visitors and pilgrims.
12. Interacting individuals and institutions(External)	Temple authorities interacting with the pilgrims and public.
13. Activities	Protection and feeding of fish and providing information to visitors.
(c) History of important habitat patches over 10-15/40-50 years
1. Type and name of the habitat patch	Jammatige Agrahara on Tunga River
2. Change in:-i)Area	No significant change
ii)Vegetation strata	No significant change
3. Aquatic habitat change in :-
i) Catchment area	No significant change
ii) Aquatic fauna	No significant change
iii) Aquatic flora	No significant change
4. Significant ecological processes influencing the habital patch	No significant change in water area and fish population.
5. Significant man-induced processes influencing the habitat patch	The Sanctuary is very near to Mangalore - Solapur highway (NH 13) and has brought in large number of visitors and as well as improvement in lodging and boarding facilities.
6. Productivity of Goods and Services	lose to Hariharapura Sanctuary another fish congregation at a distance of 1 Km downsteam has come up and bears the name "Abhiram Matsya Dhama and is maintained by Sri. Laxmi Narayana Matha, Haripura.
7. Extent of Bads and Disservices	Not significant
8. Reasons for ongoing changes	Increase in number of pilgrims visitors is mainly due to increased transport and lodging facilities (nearness to NH 13) and demarcation established of a new Fish Sanctuary at Sri. Laxmi Narayana Matha.
9. Gainers	Local residents and visitors
10. Losers	None
11. Desired changes / Desired future	Added protection to fish and feeding of fish.
12. Desired management system	Temple authorities Forest and Fisheries Department personnel should jointly frame programmes for the development of Sanctuary.
13. Suggested component for a feasible management plan for the habitat patch	The Fisheries and Forest Departments should provide financial incentives for development of the sanctuary and riparian vegetation.

i.PLANKTON
PHYTOPLANKTON
	Chlorophyceae: Ulothrix
	Bacillariophyceae: Fragillaria
ZOOPLANKTON
	Protozoa: Amoeba
	Copapoda: Nauplius Cyclops
	Miscellaneous: Insect remains
ii BENTHOS
INSECTS
	Order: Hemiptera
	Family: GERRIDAE
	1. Gerris spinolae Leth, & Sev.
	Family: CORIXIDAE
	2. Micronecta merope Dist
	Order: Coleoptera
	Family: DYTISCIDAE
	3. Dytiscus limbatus Fabricius
MOLLUSES
	Class: Gastropoda
	Subclass: Prosobranchia
	Order: Mesogastropoda
	Family: VIVIPARIDAE
	Subfamily: Bellamyinae
	Genus: Bellamya Jousseaune
	4. Bellamya bengalensis (Lamarck)
	Family: THIARIDAE
	Subfamily: Thiarinae S.Str.
	Genus: Thiara Roding
	5. Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Muller)
	Class: Bivalvia
	Subclass: Paleoheterodonta
	Order: Unionida
	Family: UNIONIDAE
	Subfamily: Unioninae
	Genus: Lamellidens Simpson
	6. Lamellidens corianus Lea
	7. Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck)
FISH
	Order: Cypriniformes
	Family: CYPRINIDAE
	Subfamily: Danioninae (= Rasborinae)
	Tribe: Oxygasterini
	Genus: Salmostoma Swainson
	8. Salmostoma acinaces (Valenciennes)
	Tribe: Danionini
	Genus: Rasbora Bleeker
	9. Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton-Buchanan)
	Subfamily: Cyprininae
	Tribe: Cyprinini
	Subtribe: Tores
	Genus: Tor Gray
	10. Tor khudree (Sykes)
	Tribe: Systomini
	Subtribe: Systomi
	Genus: Puntius (Hamilton- Buchanan)
	11. Puntius ticto (Hamilton-Buchanan)
	Family: BALITORIDAE
	Subfamily: Nemacheilinae
	Genus: Nemacheilus Bleeker
	12. Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale
AMPHIBIA
	Phylum: Chordata
	Class: Amphibia
	Order: Salentia
	Suborder: Phaneroglossa
	Family: RANIDAE
	13. Rana cynophlyctes Schneider
iii. AQUATIC WEEDS	Not Observed

iv. FISH SPECIES
Scientific Name	Common Name	Kannada Name
Order : Cypriniformes Family : CYPRINIDAE Subfamily : Danioninae (= Rasborinae) Tribe : Oxygasterini Genus : Salmostoma Swainson 1 Salmostoma acinaces (Valenciennes)	Silver razor – belly minnow	Sampaj
Genus : Barilius (Hamilton-Buchanan) 2. Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton- Buchanan)	Hamilton's Bari	Agasa-gitti
Tribe : Danionini Genus : Esomus Swainson 3. Esomus danricus (Hamilton-Buchanan)	Flying barb	Meese Pakke
Genus : Denio (Hamilton-Buchanan) 4. Danio aequipinnatus (McClelland)	Giant Danio	Arshina Patte
Genus : Rasbora Bleeker 5. Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton- Buchanan)	Black-line Rasbora	Saslu
Genus : Amblypharyngodon Bleeker 6. Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton-Buchanan)	Mola carplet	Enapu pakke
Subfamily : Cyprininae Tribe : Cyprinini Subtribe : Tores Genus : Tor Gray 7. Tor Khudree (sykes)	Deccan Mahseer	Bili-meenu
Tribe : Systomini Subtribe : Systomi Genus : Puntius (Hamilton-Buchanan) 8. Puntius amphibius (Valenciennes) 9 Puntius fasciatus fasciatus (Day) 10 Puntius pulchellus (Day) 11. Puntius sophore (Hamilton- (Buchanan) 12 Puntius ticto (Hamilton – Buchanan)	Scarlet - banded barb Melan barb Pulchellus Spot – fin swampy barb Ticto barb	Gende Pakke Haragi Gud pakke Bud pakke
Tribe : Labeonini Subtribe : Labeones Genus : Labeo Cuvier 13 Labeoo calbasu (Hamilton- Buchanan)	Calbasu	Kage
Subfamily : Oreininae Genus : Garra (Hamilton-Buchanan) 14 Garra gotyla stenorhynchus (Jerdon)	Niligiri Garra	Kallu Korava
Family : BALITORIDAE Subfamily : Nemacheilinae Genus : Nemacheilus Bleekar 15 Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale	Nemacheilus	Murangi
Order : Siluriformes Family : BAGRIDAE Subfamily : Bagrinae Genus : Mystus Scopoli 16 Mystus cavasius (Hamilton- Buchanan)	Gangetic Mystus	Girlu
Family : CLARIIDAE Genus : Clarias Scopoli 17 Clarias batrachus Linnaeus	Magur	Ane menu
Order : Cyprinodontoformes Family : APLOCHEILIDAE Subfamily : Aplocheilinae Genus : Aplocheilus McClelland 18 Aplocheilus lineatus (Valenciennes)	Killi fish	Moogu malli
Order : Synbranchiformes Suborder : Mastacembeloidei Family : MASTACEMBELIDAE Subfamily : Mastacembelinae Genus : Mastacembelus Scopoli 19 Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede)	Spiny Eel	Havu-meenu
Order : Perciformes Suborder : Percoidei Family : CHANDIADE(=AMBASSIDAE) Genus : Parambasis Bleeker 20 Parambassis ranga (Hamilton- Buchanan)	Glass fish	Bachinke
Suborder : Gobioidei Family : GOBIIDAE Subfamily : Gobiinae Genus : Glossogobius Gill 21 Glossogobius giuris giuris (Hamilton-Buchanan)	Tank Gody	Bhangi sidda
Suborder : Anabantoidei Family : BELONTIDAE Subfamily : Macropodinae Genus : Pseudosphromenus Lacapede 22 Pseudosphromenus cupanus (Valenciennes)	Paradise fish	Champarke
Subfamily : Channoidei Family : CHANNIDAE Genus : Channa Scopoli 23 Channa marulius (Hamilton-Buchanan)	Giant snake-head	Avulu
24 Channa striatus (Bloch)	Stripped Snake-head	Kuchchu

V.CRUSTACEA
	Class: Crustacea
	Subclass: Malacostraca
	Order: Decapoda
	Family: PALAEMONIDAE
	1. Macrobrachium spp.
	Family: POTAMONIDAE
	1. Paratelphusa spp.
	2. Paratelphusa spp.
Vii.AMPHIBIA
	Phylum: Chordata
	Class: Amphibia
	Order: Salentia
	Suborder: Phaneroglossa
	Family: RANIDAE
	1. Rana spp.
	2. Rana cynophlyctes Schneider
vii.REPTILIA
	Order: Testundinata
	Family: EMHYDIDAE
	1. Geomyda spp.
	Family: TRIONYCHIDAE
	2. Lissemys punctata (Bonnatera)
	Order: Squamata
	Family: COLUBRIDAE
	Subfamily: Homalopsinae
	3. Natrix piscator (Linnaeus)
viii.AVES
	Family: PHALACROCORACIDAE
	1. Phalacrocorax fuscicollis
	2. Anhinga rufa
	Family" ARDEIDAE 3. Ardeola grayii 4. Ardea alba ix. AQUATIC MAMMAL Family: LUTRINAE 1. Aonyx cinerea nirnai (Pocock)

Most common local name of the species (Language)	Indicated
Scientific name of the species	Indicated
Habitat favoured	Clean running water free from pollutants.
Value to local community	This fish has a religious status for the local community and as such it is not consumed as food but is fed, protected and worshipped.
Major uses / ill effects	The fish congregation attracts tourists and as well helps in keeping the water clean.
Value of global reference(as rare, threatened orendangered)	National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources and Zoological Survey of India have classified Mahseer Tor khudree as endangered fish. Hence conservative and development measures are to be adopted.

Most common name of the species	Mahseer
Scientific name	Tor khudree
Most common local name of the species	Bili meenu
Existing management authority	Temple authorities of Sri. Neelakanteshwara and Sri. Laxmi Narayan Temple.
Fish breeding season	Post -mansoon months (September-December)
Fishing methods (Types of nets used)	Gill nets, cashnets, angling with the help of coracle and boats.
Current level of abundance	Fishes of medium and smaller size (younger age group (2-3 years) are in abundance.
Trend in abundance in last 10-15 / 40-50 years	Trend in abundance not significant
Significant ecological processes influencing the species	Decrease in water level and flow may affect fish population.
Significant man-induced processes influencing the species	Construction of barrage anicuts in the upstream and excessive use of water would reduce water volume and abundance of fish. Fish poisoning and dynamiting would lead to reduced fish population.
Reasons for the on going change	Increase in human population and agricultural activities are the main reasons for the change in fish population level.
Gainers : Internal / External	Residents and visitors
Losers : Internal / External	Fish and its habitat and lovers of nature
Desired changes / Desired future	Increase in fish population, including larger age groups.
Desired management system	Joint management effort by Department of Fisheries and Temple authorities for development of the sanctuary.
Suggested component for a feasible / management plan for the species	Demarcation of the Sanctuary area and declaration by the Government that the notified area is fully protected sanctuary. Conservation and development measures may be formulated for the fish species.

a)Perpectives of others
1.Desired response options of different members of local or outside communities / institutions / government agencies / industrial or mining undertaking etc.,	Local people of Agrahara are keen in protecting and developing the Sanctuary. Visitors and pilgrims desire better communication facilities. Response from Government agency like Fisheries Department is encouraging.
2. Significance of management issues and response options	Protection, feeding and propagation of fish are the most significant issues. These find agreement with local authorities, visitors and as well with concerned government departments.
3. Management issues pertaining to Habitat and /or Species / Variety	Significance of management issues mainly pertain to habitat improvement and propagation of Mahseer.
4. Customary / Administrative	Presently, the fish are party protected and fed by local people and government administrative help is lacking.
5. Since how long the arrangements have been in practice	These arrangements are in practice since long time.
6. Changes, if any, in management pattern over last 10-15 / 40-50 years	Nil.
7. Desired changes / desired future	A joint management committee of local people fisheries department may be formed. They should take up protection of fish, seeding of fish and development of the sanctuary.
8. Desired management system	The system should evolve measures for demarcation of the sanctuary, protection and feeding of fish and prevent fish poisoning and dynamiting of the sanctuary.
(b) Perspective of the investigators	Protection and feeding are prerequisites for development of the sanctuary. A developmental plan may be drawn for improvement of the sanctuary.
(c) Desired and feasible pattern of management that should be promoted in the opinion of the investigators	The management should be financed by the Government for carrying out the improvement of the approach road and steps leading to the sanctuary. Grant in aid for feeding the fishes in lean period. provide watch and ward during vulnerable period like drought and festivals.
d) Suggested strategy for promoting this desired patterns of management and the communication needs for the purpose	Communication facilities are to be improved and above suggested management pattern may be followed.
e. Cultural religious, recreational, scenic, tourist significance of the Hotspot	Jammatige Agrahara Sanctuary is of religious importance as it is situated below Sri. Neelakantheswara Temple. The temple authorities feed the fish daily. Pilgrims and visitors also partake in feeding the fish with rice. The fishes are worshipped as sacred and are not killed by local people. Fish congregation attracts piligrims and visitors. The river supports rich fish population and water is free flowing and unpolluted.
f. Ecological evaluation of the Hotspot	This sanctuary supports the population of the endangered Mahseer fish and the habitat is congenial for the development of Mahseer population.
g. Suggested follow up investigations	Mahseer congregation is noticed about 1 Km downstream of river Tunga at Sri. Laxminarayana Matha, Hariharapura. The local Youth Club and temple authorities feed and protect the fish. This spot is named Abhiram Matsyadhama Hariharapura. Hence, while declaring Jammatige Agrahara Hotspot as fish sanctuary, this place should also be included in the sanctuary, limits of Agrahara.
h. Any other suggested follow up	Periodical study of the habitat and fish population should be undertaken and records may be published.