AQUATIC
HOTSPOT
Chippalgudda |
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION |
Name of the Hotspot |
Chippalgudda |
Focal species |
Mahseer – Tor kudhree (Sykes), Puntius pulchellus (Day) |
Coordinating Team Experience / Expertise |
Prof. Madhav Gadgil & Team |
Investigation Team |
Shri. H.N. Chandrasekharaiah, Shri.M.F. Rahman, Shri. K. Shama Bhatt and Dr. G.V. Kowtal. |
Dates of data collection |
From 14.12.2003 to 31.12.2003 |
Process of data collection |
Survey and enquiries. |
Source of information |
Sri. K.S. Bhaskar Bhat, Chippalgudda. Sri. Vinayak Bhat, Chippalgudda , Sri. Prakash, Convenor, Siddhi Vinayak Seva Samithi, Chippal gudda. Sri. K.S. Diwakar, Ex-President, Melige Village, Panchayat. Sri. K. Bandyappa, Secretary, Melige V.P, Dr. C.K. Murthy, Jt. Director of Fisheries, Bangalore, Sri. T. Venkateshappa, Deputy Director of Fisheries, Shimoga. |
Number of man-days consumed in data collection |
20 Man-days |
SETTING |
Location |
Chippalgudda Fish Sanctuary is in Tunga river flowing through Nambala Village, Survey No. 10, Thirthahalli Taluk, Shimoga District. |
Area (in ha or Sq. km) |
300 m long and 200 m wide. |
Latitude / Longitude / Altitude. |
Lat : 13 o 42', Long : 75 o 14', Alt : 600m MSL |
Village/Town/ Taluk/ District |
Nambala / Thirthahalli / Shimoga. |
Maps (kind of map and scale) |
Enclosed |
Mode of access (Distance from Railway/Bus station) |
Chippalgudda is situated at a distance of 10 km from Thirthahalli and 70 km from Shimoga. The nearest railway station is Shimoga. This site is 8 km away from NH 13 (Mangalore-Solapur). |
Facilities to stay closest to the Hotspot |
I.B and Hotels at Thirthahalli and Sri. Siddhi Vinayaka Kalyan Mantap at Chippalgudda. |
Tariff (if any) to be paid to visit the Hotspot |
Nil |
Controlling authorities |
Sri. Siddhi Vinayaka Seva Samithi and Department of Fisheries. |
Classes of Landscape |
Upper reaches of Sahyadri Range. |
Water bodies |
The Hotspot is located in Tunga River near Nambala Village, Thirthahalli, Shimoga. |
Human population |
904 |
Presence of Scheduled Tribes or Nomadic Tribes population. |
Not recorded. |
Livestock |
Cattle and bovine population. |
Irrigation status and Major crops |
Paddy, areca and coconut are the major crops. Most of the land area is under irrigation. |
Significant forest produce |
Cashew, rubber, firewood, timber and green manure. |
Quantities recorded at the Range or Divisional Forest Offices |
Not Applicable |
Cooperative Societies and their transactions. |
Not Applicable |
Significant freshwater fish productions |
Mahseer, Pulchellus and other carps form the major fisheries. |
Disposal of fishing rights (Leasing / Auctioning / Licence) |
Licencing is done by Dept of Fisheries beyond the upper and lower limits of the sanctuary. |
Significant estuarine and marine fish and shell fish productions |
Not applicable |
Number and type of fishing crafts |
Coracles and floats are used for operating gill nets, castnets etc. Angling and scoop nets are also used. |
Nearest fish landing centre |
Thirthahalli |
Availability of fish processing facilities |
Thirthahalli |
Mining and quarrying activities |
Nil |
Source and extent of air and water pollution |
Negligible |
Prevalent of human diseases |
Not reported |
Prevalence of livestock diseases | Not reported |
Educational Institutions | Not present |
Co-operative Societies |
Not present |
Youth Clubs |
Not present |
Ladies Clubs |
Not present |
Active NGOs |
Members of Sri. Siddhi Vinayaka Seva Samithi, Chippalgudda. |
THREATS AND SUPPORTIVE RESTORATION ACTIVITIES |
Name of individual / institutions / agency |
Activity with a positive influence on core area |
Activity with a negative influence on core area |
Activity with a positive influence on zone of influence |
Activity with a negative influence on zone of influence |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
Local individuals |
Sri Vinayaka |
Protection to fish |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Local institutions |
Sri. Siddhi Vinayaka Seva Samithi |
Feeding and protection of fish |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Outside individuals |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Outside institutions |
Village Panchayat Melige |
Development of the Hotspot |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Government agencies |
Dept of Fisheries |
Protection of fish and development of Hotspot. |
Nil |
Protection of fish and development of sanctuary |
Nil |
Industrial mining companies etc., |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Any other agencies |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
Nil |
LIST OF KNOWLEDGE INDIVIDUALS |
Name |
Age |
Sex |
Community |
Address |
Sri. K.S. Bhaskar Bhat |
50-60 |
Male |
Brahmin |
Archaka, Sri.Siddhivinayaka Temple, Chippalgudda, P.O. Melige, Thirthahalli Taluk, Shimgo District. |
Sri. Vinayaka Bhat | 20-25 | Male | Brahmin | |
Sri. Prakash |
35-38 |
Male |
Hindu |
Convenor, Sri. Siddhi Vinayaka Seva Samithi, Chippalgudda, P.O. Melige, - 577415. |
Sri. V.S. Diwakar |
45-50 |
Male |
Hindu |
Ex-President, Melige Village, Panchayat, Melige – 577415. |
HABITATS |
A. Preparation of sketch map of the landscape |
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1. |
For zone of influence (Upper) |
Enclosed |
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2. |
For zone of influence (Lower) |
Enclosed |
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B. Description of Habitat types |
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1. |
Habitat type |
The habitat is a part of Tunga river flowing through Malnad region of Thirthahalli Taluk, Shimoga District. The river is perennial and has sand and gravelly bottom studded with granite rocks. There is a deep pool and the embankment is very steep on the western side. |
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2. |
Local name (if any) |
Chippalgudda (Chibbalgudda) Matsya Dhama. |
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3. |
Approximate total area (in ha) |
4 ha |
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4. |
Special significance of the habitat type (if any) |
Large congregation of Mahseer Tor Khudree and Puntius pulchellus are note worthy. |
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5. |
Management regimes |
The sanctuary is located in river Tunga flowing adjacent to Sri. Siddhi Vinayaka Temple, Chippalgudda and is managed by Sri. Siddhi Vinayaka Seva Samithi. The archaka of the temple is the local guardian. Department of Fisheries and Village Panchayat are involved in protection of fishes and development of the sanctuary. |
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6. |
Goods and services provided by the habitat |
The pool provides shelter to fishes and water is utilized for domestic needs and irrigation. |
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7. |
Bads and disservices provided by the habitat |
Nil |
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8. |
Significant ecological processes influenced by the habitat |
Perennial water flow and deep pool provide a good habitat for the threatened species of fishes which are in healthy condition. |
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9. |
Significant man-induced processes influenced by the habitat |
The habitat has brought in good road communication and has provided steps and platform at the site for the benefit of visitors. | |
10. |
Interacting individuals and institutions (local) |
The temple priest and Seva Samithi officials play a major role in maintaining the sanctuary. | |
11. | Activities | Feeding and protection of fish | |
12. | Interacting individual and institutions (External) | Assistant Director of Fisheries, Thirthahalli Taluk provides information to visitors and supervises the sanctuary development. | |
13. |
Activities |
Feeding of fish and protection of fish. |
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C. History of important habitat patches over 10-15 / 40-50 years |
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1. |
Type and name of the habitat patch | Chippalgudda sanctuary is located in Malnad area in Tunga river. | |
2. |
Change in | ||
i |
Area | The temple has been renovated and has expanded over the last 10-15 years. | |
ii |
Vegetation Strata | Natural forest and cultivation patches are seen. | |
3. |
Aquatic habitat change in | ||
i |
Catchment area | Nil | |
ii |
Aquatic fauna |
Change not discernible. |
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iii |
Aquatic flora |
No significant change observed. |
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4. |
Significant ecological processes influencing the habitat patch |
Ecological processes not significant |
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5. |
Significant man-induced processes influencing the habitat patch |
Improved road conditions have brought in large number of visitors to the sanctuary. |
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6. |
Productivity of Goods and Services |
The fish provide recreation and the legend that Mahseer fish is an incarnation of Lord Vishnu has led to increased religious activities. . |
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7. |
Extent of Bads and Disservices |
Nil |
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8. |
Reasons for ongoing changes |
Increase in number of visitors has paved way for the development of the sanctuary. |
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9. |
Gainers |
Visitors |
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10. |
Loosers |
None |
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11. |
Desired changes / Desired future |
Conservation of water resources so as to maintain free flow of river. |
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12. | Desired management system | Regular feeding and protection of fish are to be under taken. Feeding and breeding habit of fish are to be studied and efforts should be made in artificial propagation or transplantation of the threatened / endangered fish. |
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13. | Suggested component for a feasible management plan for that habitat patch |
LIFE SCAPE |
A. Naturally occurring species of significance : -
i)PLANKTON : | |
PHYTOPLANKTON : | |
Myxophyceae:Eudorina | |
Chlorophyceae:Spirogyra Zygnema | |
Bacillariophyceae:Synedra Fragillaria | |
ZOOPLANKTON : | |
Copepoda: Nauplius Cyclops | |
Cladocera: Daphnia | |
ii)BENTHOS: | |
a)Insects: | |
Order:Hemiptera | |
Family:GERRIDAE | |
1 Gerris spinolae Leth. & Sev. | |
Family:NEPIDAE | |
2 Laccotrephes maculata Fabricius. | |
Family:CORIXIDAE | |
3.Micronecta merope Dist. | |
Family:DYTISCIDAE | |
4.Dytiscus limbatus Fabricius | |
b)Molluscs : | |
Class: Gastropoda | |
Subclass: Prosobranchia | |
Order: Mesogastropoda | |
Family: THIARIDAE | |
Sub family:Thiarinae S. Str | |
Genus: Thiara Roding | |
Subgenus: Melanoides Olivier | |
5 Thiara (Melanoides) tuberculata (Muller) | |
Class: Bivalvia | |
Subclass: Paleoheterodonta | |
Order:Unionida | |
Family: UNIONIDAE | |
Sub family: Unioninae | |
Genus:Lamellidens Simpson | |
6.Lamellidens corianus Lea | |
7.Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck) | |
FISH : | |
Order: Cypriniformes | |
Family: CYPRINIDAE | |
Sub family: Danioninae (=Rasborinae) | |
Tribe: Oxygasterini | |
Genus: Salmostoma Swainson | |
8 Salmostoma acinaces (Valenciennes) | |
Genus: Barilius Hamilton-Buchanan | |
9 Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton-Buchanan) | |
Tribe: Danionini | |
Genus: Rasbora Bleeker | |
10 Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton-Buchanan) | |
Sub family: Cyprininae | |
Tribe: Cyprinini | |
Subtribe: Tores | |
Genus:Tor Gray | |
11 Tor khudree (Sykes) | |
Tribe:Systomini | |
Subtribe:Systomi | |
Genus:Puntius Hamilton-Buchanan | |
12 Puntius sophora (Hamilton-Buchanan) | |
13 Puntius ticto ( Hamilton-Buchanan) | |
Family :BALITORIDAE | |
Sub family :Nemacheilinae | |
Genus :Nemacheilus Bleeker | |
14 Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale | |
Sub family:Cobitinae | |
Genus:Lepidocephalus Bleeker | |
15 Lepidocephalus thermalis (Valenciennes) | |
Crustacea : | |
Class :Crustacea | |
Subclass:Malacostraca | |
Order :Decapoda | |
Family:PALAEMONIDAE | |
16 Paratelphusa Spp. | |
AMPHIBIA : | |
Phylum :Chordata | |
Class :Amphibia | |
Order:Salentia | |
Suborder:Phaneroglossa | |
Family:RANIDAE | |
17 Rana cynophylctes Schneider | |
iii AQUATIC WEEDS : | Not recorded in the fish |
iv. FISH SPECIES : |
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Scientific name |
Common English name |
Kannada name |
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Order |
Cypriniformes |
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Family |
CYPRINIDAE |
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Subfamily |
Danioninae (=Rasborinae) |
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Tribe |
Oxygasterini |
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Genus |
Salmostoma Swainson |
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1Salmostoma acinaces (Valenciennes) |
Silver razor belly minnow |
Sampaj |
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2Salmostoma phulo phulo (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Razor-belly minnow |
Chalake |
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Genus |
Barilius Hamilton-Buchanan |
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3Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Hamilton's Baril |
Agasa-gitti |
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Tribe |
Danionini |
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Genus |
Esomus Swainson |
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4Esomus danricus (Hamilton –Buchanan) |
Flying barb |
Meese pakke |
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Genus |
Danio Hamilton-Buchanan |
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5Danio aequipinnatus (Mc Clelland) |
Giant Danio |
Arshina Patte |
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Genus |
Rasbora Bleeker |
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6Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Black-line Rasbora |
Saslu |
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Genus |
Amblypharyngodon Bleeker |
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7Amblypharyngodon mola (Hamilton Buchanan) |
Mola carplet |
Enapu Pakke |
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Sub family |
Cyprininae |
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Tribe |
Cyprinini |
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Subtribe |
Tores |
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Genus |
Tor Gray |
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8Tor khudree (Sykes) |
Deccan Mahseer |
Bili Meenu |
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Tribe | Systomini | ||||
Subtribe | Osteobramae | ||||
Genus |
Osteobrama Heckel |
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9 .Osteobrama cotio peninsularis |
Peninsular |
Parake |
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Silas |
Osteobrama |
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Subtribe |
: Systomi |
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Genus |
: Puntius Hamilton-Buchanan |
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10 Puntius amphibious (Valenciennes) |
Scarlet banded barb |
Gende |
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11 Puntius guganio (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Glass barb |
Pakke |
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12 Puntius pulchellus (Day) |
Pulchellus |
Haragi |
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13 Puntius sophore (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Spot-fin swampy barb |
Gud Pakke |
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14 Puntius ticto (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Ticto barb |
Bud pakke |
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Tribe |
Labeonini |
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Subtribe |
Labeones |
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Genus |
Labeo Cuvier |
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15 Labeo calbasu (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Calbasu |
Kage |
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Subfamily |
Oreininae |
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Genus |
Garra (Hamilton – Buchanan) |
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16 Garra gotyla stenornhynchus (Jerdon) |
Nilgiri Garra |
Kallu Korava |
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Family |
BALITORIDAE |
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Subfamily |
Nemacheilinae |
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Genus |
Nemacheilus Bleeker |
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17 Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale |
Nemacheilus |
Murangi |
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Genus |
Nemachilichthys Day |
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18 Nemachilichthys rueppelli (Sykes) |
Nemacheilus |
Murangi |
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Order |
Siluriformes |
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Family |
BAGRIDAE |
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Subfamily |
Bagrinae |
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Genus |
Mystus Scopoli |
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19 Mystus cavasius (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Gangetic Mystus |
Girlu |
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Family |
SILURIDAE |
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Genus |
Ompok Lacepede |
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20 Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) |
Butterfish |
Godle |
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Family |
CLARIIDAE |
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Genus |
Clarias Scopoli |
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21 Clarias batrachus Linnaeus |
Magur |
Ane Meenu |
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Order |
Cyprinodontiformes |
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Family |
APLOCHEILIDAE |
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Subfamily |
Aplocheilinae |
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Genus |
Aplocheilus Mc Clelland |
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Aplocheilus lineatus (Valenciennes) |
Killifish |
Moogu malli |
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Order |
Synbranchiformes |
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Suborder |
Mastacembeloidei |
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Family |
MASTACEMABELIDAE |
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Genus |
Mastacembelus Scopoli |
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23 Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) |
Spiny Eel |
Havu meenu |
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Order |
Perciformes |
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Sub order |
Percoidei |
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Family |
CHANDIDAE (=AMBASSIDAE) |
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Genus |
Paramabassis Bleekar |
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24 Parambassis ranga (Hamilton Buchanan) |
Glass fish |
Bachinke |
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Suborder |
Gobioidei |
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Family |
GOBIIDAE |
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Subfamily |
Gobiinae |
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Genus |
Glossogobius Gill |
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25 Glossogobius giuris giuris (Hamiton-Buchanan) |
Tank Goby |
Bhangi-Sidda |
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Suborder |
Channoidei |
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Family |
CHANNIDAE |
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Genus |
Channa Scopoli |
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26 Channa marulius (Hamilton – Buchanan) |
Giant Snake head |
Avulu |
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27 Channa striatus (Bloch) |
Stripped Snake-head |
Kuchchu |
v) CRUSTACEA : | ||
Class: Crustacea | ||
Subclass: Malacostraca | ||
Order: Decapoda | ||
Family: PALAEMONIDAE | ||
1 Macrobrachium spp. | ||
Family: POTAMONIDAE | ||
2. Paratelphusa spp | ||
3. Paratelphusa spp. | ||
Vi) AMPHIBIA : | ||
Phylum: Chordata | ||
Class: Amphibia | ||
Order: Salentia | ||
Sub-Order: Phaneroglossa | ||
Family : RANIDAE | ||
1 Rana cynophlyctes Schneider | ||
Vii) REPTILIA : | ||
Order: Testudinata | ||
Family: EMYDIDAE | ||
1.Geomyda spp. | ||
Family: TRIONYCHIDAE | ||
2. Lissemys punctata Bonnatera | ||
Order: Squamata | ||
Family: COLUBRIDAE | ||
Subfamily : Homalopsinae | ||
3. Natrix piscator (Linnaeus) | ||
viii) AVES : | ||
Family: PHALACROCORACIDAE | ||
1 Phalacrocorax fuscicollis | ||
2 Anhinga rufa | ||
Family: ARDEIDAE | ||
3 Ardeola grayii | ||
4 Ardea alba | ||
ix) AQUATIC MAMMALS: | ||
Family:LUTRINAE | ||
1.Aonyx cinerea nirnai (Pocock) | ||
2.Lutra spp. |
(b) Additional information on species of significance:
Most common local name of the species (Language ) |
Bili meenu (Kannada) and Haragi (Kannada) |
Scientific name of the species |
Tor khudree (Sykes) and Puntius pulchellus (Day) |
Habitat favoured |
Clear flowing water and deep pools with aquatic weeds. |
Value to local community |
Increased revenue to temple due to large number of visitors. |
Major uses / Ill-effects |
Sanctuary serves as a recreation / picnic spot and a place of worship. |
Value of global relevance (as rare, threatened or endangered) |
Tor khudree and Puntius pulchellus, being endangered and threatened fishes take shelter in the deep pools of the sanctuary. The species, Tor khudree –a game fish of India and Puntius pulchellus- the only indigenous herbivorous fish of India commanding international fames are to be protected. |
History of significant species / Varieties ; |
|
Most common name of the species |
Mahseer and Pulchellus |
Scientific name |
Tor khudree (Sykes) and Puntius pulchellus (Day) |
Most common local name of variety |
Bili Meenu and Haragi |
Existing management authority |
Sri. Siddhi Vinayaka Seva Samithi and Department of Fisheries. |
Fish breeding season |
Post- monsoon. |
Fishing methods (Types of nets used) |
Fishing is not permitted in sanctuary area. Beyond sanctuary area gill nets, cast nets, hook and line etc are operated. |
Current level of abundance |
Mahseer fish population is more dominant than of pulchellus. |
Trend in abundance in last 10-15 / 40-50 years |
Not significant |
Significant ecological processes influencing the species |
Not noticed |
Significant man-induced processes influencing the species |
The fishes get added protection and feed due to increased number of pilgrim / visitors to the temple and the sanctuary. |
Reasons for the ongoing change |
Improved communication has brought in more visitors resulting in development of the temple area and sanctuary. |
Gainers – Internal / External |
Visitors and local people |
Loosers – Internal / External |
Nil |
Desired changes / desired future |
Improvement in management practices. |
Desired management system | Release of funds for development of sanctuary. Demarcation of sanctuary area and declaration of the area as a fish sanctuary. |
Suggested component for a feasible management plan for the species | Location of the breeding and nursery grounds of the species and protection of sites. |
(C) History of magnificant species / variety
Most common name of the species |
Indicated |
Scientific name |
Indicated |
Most common local name of species |
Indicated |
Existing management authority |
Department of Fisheries |
Fish breeding season |
June – December |
Fishing methods |
Gillnets, Long-line, rod and line |
Current level of abundance |
Moderate |
Trend in abundance in last 10-15 / 40-50 years |
Fishery is subjected to depletion on account of indiscriminate fishing, dynamiting and poisoning . |
Significant ecological processes influencing the species |
Reduced flow of water in the river course has resulted in easy catch for the fishermen as they take shelter in pools . |
Significant man-induced processes influencing the species |
The construction of Almatti and Narayanapur dams have affected the migration of fishes, inundation of breeding grounds and riverine fishery. |
Reasons for the ongoing changes |
The construction of Almatti and Narayanapur dams have affected the migration of fishes, inundation of breeding grounds and riverine fishery. |
Gainers – Internal / External |
Public, fishermen, fisher merchants, etc. |
Losers –Internal / External |
Habitat |
Desired changes / Desired future |
Declare 5 Km lower stretch area from Chaya bhagawathi falls as fish sanctuary. Fishing should be strictly prohibited. Threatened fish species may be rehabilitated. Fishermen should be educated and lease of reservoirs for them may be considered. |
Desired management system |
A Committee of Officer of the Department of Irrigation, P.W.D, Forest, Fisheries, Tourism may be constituted to foreseen the development of the area besides Protecting the fish fauna . |
Suggested component for a feasible management plan for the species |
The threatened fish species may be rehabilitated, both in reservoirs and pools of the Chaya - bhagawathi falls for perpetuation. Protect from poaching. Declare the area as Fish Sanctuary |
MANAGEMENT |
(a) Perspectives of others
a) |
Perspective of others : |
|
1. |
Desired response options of different members of local or outside communities / institutions / government agencies / industrial or mining undertaking etc., |
The Sri. Siddhi Vinayaka Temple authorities, local and Gram Panchayat members are keen in the development / pilgrims of Chippalgudda sanctuary. Visitors / piligrims feel that road communication and lodging facilities would further enhance the number of pilgrims / visitors and local people would be the beneficiaries. The Department of fisheries should provide more guidance and funds for the development of the sanctuary. They should make immediate efforts to declare the Hotspot area as “Fish sanctuary” under Karnataka Inland Fisheries Act 1996 and provide feed and protection to fish. Chippalgudda sanctuary provides protection to threatened fish-Mahseer, Tor khudree and Puntius pulchellus . These fishes are generally fed by visitors and temple archakas and this practice is age old. The local authorities feel that they should be empowered to maintain the sanctuary by providing financial and administrative powers. Extra watch and ward facilities may be provided during summer (low water period) and festival periods when fish are more vulnerable for poaching. Joint management by Temple Authorities, Village Panchayat and officials of the Fisheries Department should be planned. |
b) |
Perspectives of Investigators |
Chippalgudda sanctuary provides protection for the threatened fish-Mahseer- Tor khudree and Puntius pulchellus. Hence development of the Sanctuary should be taken up on priority basis. Feeding, breeding and migration studies of these fish species should be taken up so as to formulate suitable management measures. |
c) |
Desired and feasible pattern of management that should be promoted in the opinion of the investigators |
As detailed above |
d) |
Suggested strategy for promoting this desired patterns of management and the communication needs for the purpose |
Detailed scientific study of the species mentioned should be undertaken and 5 km area of the river stretch, up- as well as downstream should be covered. This area should be conserved as a regulated aquatic zone. This project may be undertaken by a coordinate committee consisting of Temple Trustees, Village Panchayat, Revenue, Fisheries, Irrigation and Forest Department officials. |
e) |
Cultural, religious, recreational, scenic, tourist significance of the Hotpsot |
The Hotspot is situated adjacent to Sri. Siddhi Vinayaka Temple premises and is closely linked with religious sentiments of the devotees to the fact that the fish Mahseer is believed to be an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The visitors / pilgrims to the temple make it a point to visit the sanctuary and feed the fish. The sanctuary is also a scenic spot; the area, hence can be developed as a tourist spot. |
f) |
Ecological evaluation of the Hotspot |
This Hotspot is free from pollution and harbours Mahseer and Pulchellus. The fish species deserve scientific study and developmental measures. |
g) |
Suggested follow-up investigations |
Scientific study of these two fish species may be undertaken, covering, feeding, breeding, migration and population. |
h) |
Any other suggested follow-up |
The proposed KUVEMPU WILD LIFE SANCTUARY area to be developed by the Forest Department and other agencies includes vast area of Koppa and Thirthahalli Taluks and this sanctuary would become part of the Kuvempu wild life sanctuary. Hence, steps should be initiated to form a committee to look after the welfare of this fish sanctuary. |