AQUATIC
HOTSPOT
Heggeri Tank |
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BACKGROUND INFORMATION |
Name of the Hotspot |
HEGGERI TANK |
Focal species |
Carps (Introduced) and indigenous fish species. |
Coordinating Team |
Dr. Madhav Gadgil and team |
Investigating Team |
Shri. H.N. Chandrashekharaiah, Shri.M.F. Rahman, Shri. K. Sham Bhatt and Dr. G.V. Kowtal. |
Dates of data collection |
From 13.04.2004 to 14.04.2004 |
Process of data collection |
Field visits and interviews |
Source of information |
Shri. Vasanth, G. Hegde, Assistant Director of Fisheries, Haveri. Shri. Lakshman Eidigar, Chairman, Keremattihalli, Fishermen Co-operative Society, Keremattihalli. Shri Nagappa Shivananda Bhajantari. Shri Supatrappa Honnappa Barki Shri Dyamanna Bharmappa Barki Shri. Rameshappa Bharmadyeppa Barki Shri Bannayappa Basappa Barki Shri Basappa Nagappa Bhajantari Shri Chandrappa Killi-Kyatha Shri Ramanna Yellappa Shri.AD Belvatgi, Fieldman, Dharwar. Shri Basavaraj Haveri, Driver, Dharwar Dr. John Deodhar, Haveri. Dr. Madhuri J. Deodhar, Haveri Secretary, Fisherman Cooperative Society. |
Number of man-days consumed in data collection |
16 (Sixteen) man- days. |
SETTING |
Location |
Heggeri tank is located at a distance of 1.5 km from Haveri adjacent to the Belgaum-Bangalore by-pass road. |
Area (in ha ) |
82.47 ha |
Latitude / Longitude / Altitude. |
Lat : 14' 48'', Long : 75' 28'', Alt : 567 MSL |
Village/Town/ Taluk/ District |
Keremattihalli/Haveri/Haveri/Haveri |
Maps (kind of map and scale) |
Sketch map of the tank is enclosed |
Mode of access (Distance from Railway/Bus station) |
Railway Station, Haveri to the tank-2.5 kms, Bus station, Haveri to the tank 1.5 Kms. |
Facilities to stay closest to the Hotspot |
Inspection and Travellers Bungalows, PWD and Private lodges |
Tariff (if any) to be paid to visit the Hotspot |
Nil |
Controlling authorities |
Department of Fisheries who have leased the tank on 1 year basis to Keremattihalli Fisherman Cooperative Society, Haveri |
Classes of Landscape |
Village, agricultural lands and National Highway No.4 by-pass is laid in the middle of the tank. |
Water bodies |
The tank is reported to be perennial but, since few years, has become long season because of failure of rains. |
Human population |
2.20 Lakhs |
Presence of Scheduled Tribes or Nomadic Tribes population. |
SC-27,200 ST 6,400 |
Livestock | Cattle, Buffalows, Sheep, Goat, Horses, Donkeys, Poultry, Pigs, Dogs etc. |
Irrigation status and major crops |
Agriculture dominated area and the produce being Rice, Wheat, Bajra, Maize, Ragi, Pulses, Sugarcane, Chillies, Cotton, Fruits and Vegetables. |
Significant forest produce |
Nothing significant |
Quantities recorded at the Range or Divisional Forest Offices |
Nil |
Co-Operative Societies and their transactions |
Keremattihalli Fishermen Cooperative Society (Regd in 1974), Haveri is taking lease of the tank, undertaking fisheries development, harvesting and marketing the produce at Haveri and other places. There are 110 active members engaged in fishing profession. |
Significant fresh water fish productions |
It was reported that the Society has introduced 1,25,000 fishseed comprised of indigenous Catla, Rohu and exotic Common carp, Presently only exotic Common carp and Tilapia could be observed. |
Disposal of fishing rights (Leasing / Auctioning / Licence) |
By leasing for a specific period |
Significant estuarine and marine fish / shell-fish production. |
Not applicable as only fresh water resources exists in the area. |
Types of fishing crafts and gears employed |
Coracles and gears include castnets, gillnets and rod and line. |
Nearest fish landing centre |
Keremattihlli |
Availability of fish processing facilities |
Karnataka Fisheries Federation, Mysore has established an Ice Plant to offer fish preservation facility. |
Mining and quarrying activities |
Other than sand and stones which are used in building constructions, no other mines' products exists in the area. |
Source and extent of air and water pollution |
Because of the regular flow of the vehicular traffic, dust and air pollution is there to some extent. In addition, pesticides spraying on agricultural and cash crops (Cotton etc) gets into the tank during monsoon which results in water pollution. |
Prevalence of human diseases |
Not on recorded |
Prevalence of livestock diseases |
Not reported |
Educational Institutions | Primary School as Keremattihalli |
Youth Clubs | Nil |
Ladies Club | Only Anganwadi Kendra at the village level. |
Active NGO's | Individuals like Dr. John Deodhar, Dr. (Mrs) Madhuri J. Deodhar and their friends at Haveri are actively involved in the development of birds sanctuary and few islands with shrub cover within the tank-bed have been established for the birds. |
THREATS AND SUPPORTIVE RESTORATION ACTIVITIES |
Name of individual / institutions / agency |
Activity with a positive influence on core area |
Activity with a negative influence on core area |
Activity with a positive influence on zone of influence |
Activity with a negative influence on zone of influence |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
Local individuals |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Local institutions |
Fishermen Cooperative Society, Keremattihalli |
Development of fisheries, harvesting marketing etc., |
- |
Development of tank fisheries |
- |
Outside individuals |
Dr. John Deodhar, Dr. Madhuri J. Deodhar |
Birds Sanctuary |
- |
Bird sanctuary, creation of islands for birds to propagate |
- |
Outside Institutions |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Government agencies |
Department of Irrigation Department of Fisheries Department of Road / Transport |
Irrigation facilities, Development of fisheries and Bypass road construction |
- - Intrusion into the tank area |
Creation of required irrigation facilities, Development of fisheries and by-pass road construction in the middle of the tank. |
- - Reducing the area of the tank |
Industrial mining companies etc., |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Any other agencies |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
LIST OF KNOWLEDGE INDIVIDUALS |
Name |
Age |
Sex |
Community |
Address |
Shri. Vasanth G Hegde |
26 |
Male |
Brahmin |
Assistant Director of Fisheries, Haveri |
Shri. A.D. Belvatgi |
54 |
Male |
Muslim |
Dept of Fisheries, Dharwar. |
Shri. Nagappa Shivananda Bhajantari |
55 |
Male |
Bestha |
Fishermen, Co-Operative Society, Keremattihalli, Haveri |
Shri. Supatrappa Honnappa Barki |
53 |
Male |
Bestha |
Fishermen, Co-Operative Society, Keremattihalli, Haveri |
Shri. Dyamanna Bharmappa Barki |
54 |
Male |
Bestha |
Fishermen, Co-Operative Society, Keremattihalli, Haveri |
Shri. Rameshappa Bharmadyeppa Barki |
49 |
Male |
Bestha |
Fishermen, Co-Operative Society, Keremattihalli, Haveri |
Shri. Banappa Bassappa Bhajantari |
48 |
Male |
Bestha |
Fishermen, Co-Operative Society, Keremattihalli, Haveri |
Shri. Basappa Nagappa Bhajantari |
53 |
Male |
Bestha |
Fishermen, Co-Operative Society, Keremattihalli, Haveri |
Shri. Chandrappa Killi-kyatha |
51 |
Male |
Burde-Bestha |
Fishermen, Co-Operative Society, Keremattihalli, Haveri |
Shri. Mahadevappa Hanumanthappa , Terdahalli. |
55 |
Male |
Bestha |
Fishermen, Co-Operative Society, Keremattihalli, Haveri |
Shri. Ramanna Yellappa |
49 |
Male |
Bestha |
Fishermen, Co-Operative Society, Keremattihalli, Haveri |
Shri. Lakshman Eidigar |
51 |
Male |
Bestha |
Fishermen, Co-Operative Society, Keremattihalli, Haveri |
Dr. John Deodhar |
60 |
Male |
Brahmin |
Deodhar Compound, Station Road, Haveri |
Dr. (Mrs.) Madhuri J. Deodhar |
51 |
Female |
Brahmin |
Deodhar Compound, Station Road, Haveri |
HABITATS |
(a) | Preparation of sketch map of the landscape : | |
1. |
For zone of influence |
Enclosed |
b) | Description of Habitat types : | |
1. |
Habitat type |
Perennial tank |
2. |
Local name (if any) |
Heggerikere |
3. |
Approximate total area |
82.47 ha |
4. |
Special significance of the habitat type (if any) |
The tank is used for irrigational needs and for fisheries development. |
5. |
Management regimes |
Department of Fisheries, Haveri, Fishermen Co-operative Society, Keremattihalli. Dr. John Deodhar, Dr. (Mrs) Madhuri J. Deodhar. |
6. |
Goods and services provided by the habitat |
For fish production and as bird sanctuary. |
7. |
Bads and disservices provided by the habitat |
Nil |
8. |
Significant ecological processes influenced by the habitat type |
The tank, in addition to monsoon rains and water from its catchment area, also receives water from Mattehattikere, Lingadahallikere, Kaginahallikere, Kummoorukere, Dhoolikoppakere and Hasabhavikere. |
9. |
Significant man-induced processes influenced by the habitat type |
Creation of islands with shrub cover for birds to take shelter, nests and propagate. |
10. |
Interacting individuals and institutions (local) |
Members of the Fishermen Co-operative Society, Keremattechalli, Haveri. |
11 |
Activities |
Development of fisheres |
12. |
Interacting individuals and institutions (External) |
Dr. John Deodhar, Dr. (Mrs) Madhuri J. Deodhar, Department of Irrigation and Department of Fisheries. |
13 |
Activities |
Creation of islands with shrub covers for migrating birds to habitate, arranging irrigation facilities and development of fisheries. |
(c) | History of important habitat patches over 10-15 / 40-50 years. | |
1. |
Type and name of the habitat patch |
Perennial Heggeri tank. |
2. |
Change in :- |
|
i |
Area |
The tank's peripheral area has been fenced because of the construction of a by-pass road in the middle of the tank, its area is slightly reduced. |
ii |
Vegetation strata |
Thorny trees (Jaali) have been grown near about the tank and Ipomoea aquatica is the only aquatic weed observed. |
3. |
Aquatic habitat change in : |
|
i |
Catchment area |
Not significant |
ii |
Aquatic fauna |
Indigenous fish fauna is lost to a very great extent. |
iii |
Aquatic flora |
Ipomoea aquatica has been introduced near about the islands created for birds to take shelter etc., |
4. |
Significant ecological processes influencing the habitat patch |
Drought conditions, reduced in-flow of water, shallowness of the tank and period of water retention had a negative impact on its ecology. The tank had dried up during 2001, 2002, and upto September 2003. Only in October 2003, the tank received water. |
5. |
Significant man-induced processes influencing the habitat patch |
Systematic desilting of the tank be undertaken and the collected soil be used in the agricultural fields, instead of dumping it within the tank as is being done presently. Though few islands with shrub cover established in the tank has, to some extent, reduced the area, but, to attract migratory birds and to develop the Hotspot as a bird sanctuary also, is a welcome and additional advantageous feature. |
6. |
Productivity of Goods and Services |
Development of fisheries and establishing a bird sanctuary. |
7. |
Extent of Bads and Disservices |
Not significant |
8. |
Reasons for ongoing changes |
Failure of rains and drought conditions had left some negative impact on the ecological conditions of the tank. Desilting process in order to deepen the tank to make it hold more water for a considerable time, is a welcome feature. |
9. |
Gainers |
Habitat , fisheries and birds, provided sustainable ecological conditions prevail. |
10. |
Losers |
Those depending on the tank which includes fisheries, birds, fishermen community and nature lovers. |
11. |
Desired changes / Desired future |
Deepening of the tank-bed in order to store more water, stacking of the excavated earth away from the tank area, development of fisheries and providing suitable forest cover in the already established islands for the birds to settle and propagate. The whole process, if implemented, will markedly improve the ecological conditions of the Hotspot. The process should have to have the active support of nature, i.e. normal rains and conservation efforts. |
12 |
Desired management system |
A Committee with representations from Departments of Irrigation, Fisheries, Tourism, NGO's interested private parties and Fishermen Cooperative Society be constituted to monitor water usage activity, development of fisheries and bird sanctuary. |
13 |
Suggested component for a feasible management plan for the habitat patch |
Deepening of the tank to store more water, development of fisheries and providing complimentary conditions for the migrating birds to settle are the activities which needs attention on priority basis . |
LIFE SCAPE |
i. PLANKTON: | |
PHYTOPLANKTON: | |
Chlorophyceae: Spirogyra | |
Bacillariophyceae:Synedra, Fragillaria | |
ZOOPLANKTON | |
Protozoa: Amoeba ,Areella | |
Copepoda: Cyclops, Nauplius | |
Rotifera: Keratella | |
Cladocera: Daphnia | |
Ostracoda: Cypris | |
ii.BENTHOS: | |
Insects : | |
Order: Odonata | |
Suborder: Anisoptera | |
Family: LIBELLULIDAE | |
1.Urothemis signata (Rambur) | |
Order: Hemiptera | |
Family: NEPIDAE | |
2. Laccotrephes maculata Fabricius | |
Family: CORIXIDAE | |
3. Micronecta merope Dist | |
Arthropods: | |
Class: Crustacea | |
Subclass: Malacostraca | |
Order: Decapoda | |
Family: POTAMONIDAE | |
4. Paratelphusa spp. ( 2 species) | |
Amphibia: | |
Phylum:Chordata | |
Class: Amphibia | |
Order: Salentia | |
Suborder: Phaneroglossa | |
Family: RANIDAE | |
2. Rana cynophlyctes Schneider | |
iii. AQUATIC WEEDS: | |
Family: CONVOLVULACEAE | |
Genus: Ipomoea | |
1. Ipomoea aquatica Forsk |
iv. FISH |
|
|
Scientific name | Common English name | Kannada name |
Order : Cypriniformes | ||
Family : CYPRINIDAE |
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Subfamily : Danioninae (=Rasborinae) |
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Tribe : Oxygasterini |
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Genus:Salmostoma Swainson |
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1.Salmostma acinaces (Valenciennes) |
Silver Razor-belly minnow |
Sampaj |
Tribe : Danionini |
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Genus: Chela Hamilton-Buchanan |
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2. Chela (Chela) cachius(Hamilton Buchanan) |
Silver hatched-chela |
Borie menu |
Genus:Rasbora Bleeker |
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3. Rasbora daniconius(Hamilton Buchanan) |
Black-line Rasbora |
Saslu |
Genus:Amblypharyngodon Bleeker |
||
4. Amblypharyngodon mola(Hamilton Buchanan) |
Mola Carplet |
Enapu Pakke |
Subfamily: Cyprininae |
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Tribe : Cyprinini |
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Sub tribe: Cyprini |
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Genus: Cyprinus Linnaeus |
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5.Cyprinus carpio communis Linnaeus |
Common carp |
Samanya Gende |
Tribe : Systomini |
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Subtribe: Systomi |
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Genus: Puntius Hamilton-Buchanan |
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6. Puntius sarana sarana(Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Olive Barb |
Gende |
7. Puntius sorphore(Hamilton Buchanan) |
Spot-fin swampy barb |
Gud Pakke |
8. Puntius ticto (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Ticto Barb |
Bud Pakke |
Tribe : Labeonini |
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Subtribe: Labeones |
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Genus : Cirrhinus oken |
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9. Cirrhinus mrigala(Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Mrigal |
Mrigal |
10.Cirrhinus reba(Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Reba |
Arja |
Genus:Catla Valenciennes |
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11. Catla catla (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Catla |
Catla |
Genus:Labeo Cuvier |
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12.Labeo bata (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
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13.Labeo calbasu (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Calbasu |
Kage |
14.Labeo fimbriatus (Bloch) |
Fimbriatus |
Kem-meenu |
15.Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan) |
Rohu |
Rohu |
Family : BALITORIDAE |
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Sub family: Nemacheilinae |
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Genus:Nemacheilus Bleeker |
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16:Nemacheilus anguilla Annandale |
Nemacheilus |
Murangi |
Order : Siluriformes |
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Family: BAGRIDAE |
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Sub family: Bagrinae |
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Genus: Mystus Scopoli |
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17. Mystus cavasius (Hamilton Buchanan) |
Gangetic Mystus |
Girlu |
18. Mystus vittatus (Bloch) |
Stripped Dwarf catfish |
Girlu |
Family : SILURIDAE |
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Genus:Ompok Lacepede |
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19. Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch) |
Butterfish |
Godle |
Genus : Wallage Bleeker |
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20. Wallago attu (Shneider) |
Freshwater Shark |
Balae |
Family: CLARIIDAE |
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Genus: Clarias Scopoli |
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21.Clarias batrachus Linnaene |
Magur |
Ane-meenu |
Order: Cyprinodontiformes |
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Family: Poecilidae |
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Sub family: Poecilinae |
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Genus: Poecilia Bloch |
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22. Poecilia (Lebostes) reticulatus Schneider |
Mosquito fish |
Sole menu |
Order : Perciformes |
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Suborder: Labroidei |
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Family : CICHLIDAE |
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Genus : Oreochromis Gunther |
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23. Oreochromis mossambica (Peters) |
Tilapia |
Tilapia |
Gobiodei |
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GOBIIDAE |
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Gobiinae |
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Glossegobius Gill |
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Glossogobins guiris giuris (Hamilton Buchanan) |
Tank Goby |
Bhangi-Sidda |
Suborder : Channoidei |
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Family : CHANNIDAE |
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Genus : Channa Scopoli |
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25. Channa maralius (Hamilton Buchanan) |
Giant Snake-head |
Avulu |
26. Channa orientalis (Schneider) |
Asiatic Snake-head |
Mottu |
27. Channa Striatus (Bloch) |
Stripped Snake-head |
Kuchchu |
Note : The tank had very little water. Exotic Cyprinus carpio communis and O reochromic mossambica are the only fishes observed in the present study. All the other fish species were recorded earlier.
v. ARTHROPODS | ||
Class: Crustacea | ||
Subclass: Malacostraca | ||
Order: Decapoda | ||
Family:POTAMONIDAE | ||
1. Paratelphusa spp. | ||
2. Paratelphusa spp. | ||
vi AMPHIBIA | ||
Phylum: Chordata | ||
Class: Amphibia | ||
Order: Salentia | ||
Sub-Order: Phaneroglossa | ||
Family: RANIDAE | ||
1. Rana cynophlyctes Schneider | ||
vii REPTILIA: | ||
Order: Squamata | ||
Family: COLUBRIDAE | ||
Subfamily: Homalopsinae | ||
1. Natrix piscator (Linnaeus) | ||
viii AVES: | ||
Family: PHALACROCORACIDAE | ||
1. Phalacrocorax niger- Little cormorant | ||
2. Ahinga rufa-Darter / Snake Bird | ||
Family: ARDEIDAE | ||
3. Egretta garzetta Little Egret |
(b) Additional information on species of significance:
Most common local name of the species (Language ) |
1) Samanya gende (Kannada) |
Scientific name of the species |
1) Cyprinus carpio communis Linnaeus |
Habitat favoured |
Standing water body (Tanks/ Reservoirs) |
Value to local community |
As food value |
Major uses / Ill-effects |
As food value only |
Value of global relevance (as rare, threatened or endangered) |
Commonly available Internationally |
(C) History of magnificant species / variety
Most common name of the species |
1) Common carp |
Scientific name |
1) Cyprinus carpio communis Linnaeus |
Most common local name of the species |
1) Samanya gende |
Existing management authority |
Fishermen Cooperative Society, Keremattihalli |
Fish breeding season |
Prolonged Almost round the year. |
Fishing methods (Types of nets used) |
Gillnets |
Current level of abundance |
Reported that 3.5 lakhs of fish Common carp have been stocked in November, 2003. |
Trend in abundance in last 10-15 / 40-50 years |
Failure of rains and drought conditions has turned this once a perennial tank into a long- seasonal; vagaries of nature, and condition of the tank over the years has restricted in limited fisheries activities which is not encouraging. |
Significant ecological processes influencing the species |
Failure of rains and drought conditions had a negative impact on the fisheries developmental activities. The tank had recorded full water level in 1992 only. |
Significant man-induced processes influencing the species. |
Laying of a by pass road in the middle of the tank, haphazard way of desilting of the tank and stacking of the excavated earth within the tank area has reduced the water spread area of the water body. Since fisheries activities are water related projects, failure of rains followed by drought conditions had a negative impact on the over all fisheries development activities. |
Reasons for the ongoing change |
Failure of rains followed by drought conditions. |
Gainers Internal / External |
None, as the ecological conditions are, yet, not congenial enough to undertake any productive activities of significance. |
Losers Internal / External |
Habitat, fisheries, birds, community, etc. |
Desired changes / desired future |
Desilting of the tank bed to store more water, stacking or spreading the excavated earth in the agricultural fields, creation of mini forest cover on the islands for birds to settle, development of fisheries based on available scientific know how may improve the ecological conditions of the tank to a great extent to meet the basic requirements of all related to it. |
Desired management system |
A Committee with representation from Departments of Ecology, Forest, Fisheries, Irrigation, Tourism, Village, Panchayat, Nature-Lovers etc. be constituted to take note of the points highlighted under No. 4 (c) 11 and No. 5 (c) 14. |
Suggested component for a feasible management plan for the species. |
Organised desilting of the tank in order to store more water to under take normal fisheries developmental activities. |
Creation of adequate forest / shrub cover on the islands within the tank to develop as bird sanctuary. |
|
Fish faunistic studies be conducted to record species wise composition to introduce, if need be, certain corrective measure to strengthen their population. |
MANAGEMENT |
a) |
Perspective of others |
|
1. |
Desired response option of different members of local or outside. communities / institution / government agencies / industrial or mining undertaking etc. to be recorded |
Planned desilting of the tank to store more water for a considerable period helps in resuming normal fisheries development activities, creation of supportive suitable forest / shrub cover on the already established islands in the tank will be of great source for the migrating birds to take shelter and propagate. The process calls for total participation of all concerned. Government should provide technical know - how and required financial support. |
2. |
Significance of management issue and response options |
A Committee with representation from various departments along with the local participants be constituted to introduce desired measures for the over all development of the tank, Locals assures their participation, Government, NGO's and other agencies should act positively. |
3. |
Management issues pertaining to a) Habitat and / or |
Desilting of the tank, creation of complimentary forest / shrub cover on the islands for the birds and fisheries development activities. |
b) Species / Variety |
After conducting detailed hydrobiological conditions of the tank, desirable and compatible fish species only need be introduced. Additionally, the depleted indigenous fish stock be enriched by transplanting from other resources. |
|
4. |
Customary / Administrative |
All concerned departments, institutions, private parties should work together for the over all development of the tank and its environs. |
5. |
Since how long the arrangements have been in practice |
Desilting of the tank (to some extent) introduction of, fish seed and provision of shrub cover on the islands has been attended to only very recently. |
6. |
Changes, if any, in management pattern over last 10-15 / 40-50 years |
The whole process of reclamation of tank on normal ecological requirements has to be organized afresh. |
7. |
Desired changes / Desired future |
As detailed in No. 4 (c) - 11. |
8. |
Desired management system |
As detailed in 4 (c) 12 |
b) |
Perspective of Investigators |
Study on the hydrobiology of the tank may be made. Fish faunistic studies be conducted to record abundance or otherwise of individual species to plan improvement strategies. Adequate measures to establish suitable forest / shrub cover on the islands for the birds may be undertaken. Fisheries development by stocking together compatible fish species may be planned. A Committee to monitor the activities be constituted. |
c) |
Desired and feasible pattern of management that should be promoted in the opinion of the investigators |
As incorporated under. No. 4 (c) - 12 |
d) |
Suggested strategy for promoting this desired patterns of management and the communication needs for the purpose. |
As detailed in No. 6 (a) 1 8 |
e) |
Cultural, religious, recreational, scenic, tourist significance of the Hotspot |
Of scenic and tourists (Bird watchers) importance in addition to development of fisheries. |
f) |
Ecological evaluation of the Hotspot |
Vagaries of nature, failure of rains, drought conditions, period of water retention, shallowness of the tank has had only moderate fisheries development activity. |
g) |
Suggested follow-up investigations |
As detailed in No. 6 (b) above. |
h) |
Any other suggested follow-up |
As suggested under No. 6 ( a ) 1 and 2. |