|
|
ANALYSIS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS
The water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS and DO are determined on spot at the time of sampling. Other parameters like nitrate, orthophosphate, turbidity, total alkalinity, calcium and magnesium hardness, total hardness, chlorides, COD, BOD, sodium and potassium are analysed in the laboratory by using standard methods prescribed by Trivedi and Goel (1986) and APHA (1998).
Table 1: Standard methods followed for water quality analysis
Parameters |
Methods (with Reference) |
Onsite Measurements |
Water temperature (0C) |
Eutech: PCSTestr 35 |
pH |
Eutech: PCSTestr 35 |
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS, mg/l) |
Eutech: PCSTestr 35 |
Electrical conductivity (µS/cm) |
Eutech: PCSTestr 35 |
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) (mg/l) |
Winkler’s Method (APHA, 1998: 4500-O) |
Laboratory Measurements |
Hardness (mg/l) |
EDTA titrimetric method (APHA, 1998: 2340-C) |
Calcium hardness (mg/l) |
EDTA titrimetric method (APHA, 1998: 3500-Ca B) |
Magnesium hardness (mg/l) |
Magnesium by calculation (APHA, 1998:3500-Mg) |
Sodium (mg/l) |
Flame emission photometric method (APHA, 1998:3500-Na B) |
Potassium (mg/l) |
Flame emission photometric method (APHA, 1998: 3500-K B) |
Alkalinity (mg/l) |
Titrimetric method (APHA, 1998: 2320 B) |
Chloride (mg/l) |
Argentometric method (APHA, 1998:4500-Cl- B) |
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) (mg/l) |
5-Day BOD test (APHA, 5210 B, Trivedi & Goel, 1986, pp.53-55) |
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) (mg/l) |
Closed reflux, titrimetric method (APHA, 5220 C, Trivedi & Goel, 1986, pp.55-57) |
Nitrates |
Phenol Disulphonic acid method (Trivedy & Goel, 1986: pp61) |
Orthophosphates (mg/l) |
Stannous chloride method (APHA, 4500-P) |
Turbidity(NTU) |
Nephlophotometer |
|
T.V. Ramachandra
Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Centre for infrastructure, Sustainable Transportation and Urban Planning (CiSTUP), Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail : cestvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Tel: 91-080-22933099/23600985,
Fax: 91-080-23601428/23600085
Web: http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy
Bharath H AithalEnergy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: bharath@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Vinay SEnergy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: vinay@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Bharath Setturu
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: settur@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Asulabha K S
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: asulabha@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Sincy V.
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: sincy@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Sudarshan P.Bhat
Energy & Wetlands Research Group, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
E-mail: sudarshan@ces.iisc.ernet.in
Citation: Ramachandra T V, Bharath H.Aithal, Vinay S, Bharath Setturu, Asulabha K S, Sincy V and Sudarshan P. Bhat, 2015. Vanishing Lakes Interconnectivity & Violations in Valley Zone: Lack of Co-ordination among Para-State Agencies, ENVIS Technical Report 85, CES, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012
| Contact Address : |
| |
Dr. T.V. Ramachandra
Energy & Wetlands Research Group,
Centre for Ecological Sciences,
New Biological Sciences Building, 3rd Floor, E-Wing, Lab: TE15
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore – 560 012, INDIA.
Tel : 91-80-22933099 / 22933503(Ext:107) / 23600985
Fax : 91-80-23601428 / 23600085 / 23600683 [CES-TVR]
E-mail : cestvr@ces.iisc.ernet.in, energy@ces.iisc.ernet.in,
Web : http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy |
|
