or Humberto Mafra, in London, e-mail: hmafra@gn.apc.org
TWENTY FIVE YEARS OF ENVIRONMENTALISM IN BRAZIL
Seminar:
CHALLENGES FOR AND PERSPECTIVES ON
THE BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT
REPORT OF THE WORKING GROUPS.
Brasilia, 28 - 30 September 1995
Promoted by:
Francisco Foundation
Support:
Novib, Damien Foundation, Bilance (Vastenaktie/Cebemo)
OUTLINES
* The environmental movement exists. Sometimes it works
effectively, sometimes less so. It is responsible for putting
environmental issues on society's agenda - acting as a focal
point in relation to these issues and representing its
environmental interests. Its existence is verified by its
history, its participation in civil society and its recognition
by the most diverse sectors of that society. In terms of
numbers, its size is relatively small, but well distributed; its
moral credibility and authority is very strong.
* The environmental movement is an expression of society
seeking answers and alternatives to environmental problems,
emerging as a generator of new paradigms in response to the
increasingly unsustainable patterns of natural resource use,
inappropriate attitudes to the natural environment as well as
unfair socio-economic and political relations amongst people,
in Brazil and throughout the Planet.
* A striking characteristic of the environmental movement is
that it works with a long term perspective. Another is the
diversity of the environmentalist NGOs that are part of the
movement. This diversity is fundamental to the movement,
and results in different kinds of activities and ways of
working in society - it is an expression of richness and
vitality. The movement's support base is still small, but it
has a great capacity to make itself heard, despite not always
managing to convey its views through the press. The
movement's characteristics (spread, diversity and local
character) make it difficult to establish a national agenda,
and sometimes limits the activities of groups and networks.
Informal mechanisms stimulate the development of common
agendas between organisations.
* The environmental movement is vital - all the more so
because the government fails to live up to its responsibilities
in relation to defending the environment. Consequently, the
environmental organisations are called into action by the
communities themselves, who think of them as the
environmental agencies.
* The Brazilian environmental movement had its origin in
local activities to defend the environment and in the protest
against destructive development models; it questions the
model of development implemented in the country.
* The Brazilian environmental movement has the capacity to
mobilise public support; it has understanding and practical
experience of environmental and political action; it has
technical, scientific and legal expertise.
* The key principle for the environmental movement is the
belief in a diversity of possibilities and development models -
without the intention of promoting one single model for the
whole planet.
* The bottom line for the environmental movement is the
defence of life in all its aspects. This large perspective is hard to
implement and live up to and, in a general way, the movement
seeks to achieve it through local challenges, denunciations and
activities aiming at the transformation of current consciousness
and practices. This kind of action continues to be an important
aspect of environmental activism. It is fuelled by the great
environmental issues that cause society concern. Its ultimate
goal must be self-extinction, having overcome the problems
which gave it life.
* The environmental community is motivated by the instinct
to preserve life and sustain it. At the end of the 20th century,
the struggle for an ecologically sustainable society is a
(passionate) ethical imperative.
* More practically, the environmental movement's activities
are conditioned by the following factors:
- Institutional aggression against the environment.
- Serious and irreversible one-off acts of destruction against
the environment and / or against environmental legislation
(emergencies).
- Development and implementation of public policies.
- The need for resources to support the consolidation of
environmental organisations.
- Attracting more supporters and activists for the movement.
- The need for practical action, and the translation of ideas
into reality.
* The movement's difficulties arise from the following
factors:
- General lack of resources and support.
- Lack of NGO infrastructure
- Lack of an environmental consciousness in the community,
and the adoption of consumerist values, imposed by the
dominant economic system.
- Lack of commitment to the implementation of effective
environmental public policies on the part of the government.
* The movement is represented, roughly, by local and regional
forums as well as the networks; occasional meetings at all
levels which, because of their specific objectives, lack
continuity; organisations created by environmentalists at
occasional meetings; elected regional representatives for
CONAMA, FNMA, and other equivalent institutions at state and
municipal level.
* The participation of environmental NGOs in government
institutions such as CONAMA and FNMA, at federal level, and
their state and municipal equivalents, is an important form of
action through which the movement defends society's
environmental interests.
* The environmental movement, as an emerging force in
society, is not of a representative character; because of this
it has great flexibility, seeking and forging partnerships with
different segments of society, in different occasions. The
environmental movement believes that environmental
awareness must permeate the agendas of all sectors of
society.
* Relations between environmental organisations are still
deficient; they do not co-ordinate well to reach their common
goals, and still don't share enough information, knowledge,
capabilities and experiences. This situation is caused,
mostly, by the absence of a professional infrastructure: lack
of training, lack of capacity, lack of administrative &
managerial support, lack of money & resources and lack of
practical experience in how to make these things happen.
* The Brazilian environmental NGOs sometimes link up with
the international NGOs for short term campaigns. In most
cases, objectives coincide, but the partnerships are not
strengthened - the different idioms make communication
difficult and prevailing patterns of relationships are not
always appropriate. Nevertheless, changes have occurred
which are making it possible to broaden and diversify the
contact between organisations. One interesting experience of
co-operation between national and international NGOs is the
Rios Vivos (Living Rivers) Network.
* The internal limitations and deficiencies of the
environmental movement are due to a lack of infrastructure,
operational capacity and professionalism in the
implementation of activities. Under pressure from multiple
demands, the environmental NGOs are forever trying to do
more than their capacity allows. They do not prioritise among
their aims, and do not plan their activities strategically.
Many of the movement's difficulties stem from institutional
fragility. The movement's external difficulties arise from a
lack of understanding - on the part of society - of the
environmentalist points of view and objectives.
CHALLENGES AND PRIORITIES FOR THE MOVEMENT & NGOs
Challenges
* To insert the ecological perspective on society's agenda.
* To prioritise aims, adjusting them to fit capacity and
availability of resources in order to improve the
organisations' performance.
* To transform local and national experiences into public
policies.
* To co-ordinate and link the environmental movement with
other sectors without losing its unique character.
* To transform understanding and knowledge into effective
action.
* To have clarity that the professionalisation process is just
a way of making the movement viable, and not an end in itself.
* To develop adequate structures and training to efficiently
use volunteers - which must be co-ordinated with
professional staff. To maintain voluntary work as a key
ethical reference point for the movement.
* The environmental movement must be careful not to fall
into the trap of feeling obliged to have a solution to all the
problems that they expose. Desirability of positive actions
should not inhibit denunciations and criticisms that might
need to be made.
* The environmental movement needs to understand itself, and
during that process, define and construct its identity.
Priorities
* The aims and priorities for the structuring and
strengthening of the environmental movement are the
following:
- Seek access to resources.
- Creation of infrastructure for work.
- Building of technical and management capacity.
- Collection and dissemination of information.
- Meetings at all levels.
- Identification of common issues and the formation of
partnerships.
- Development of alternative public policies.
* NGOs must avoid over-extension; they must prioritise their
areas of activity and go through adequate planning.
* Securing resources - not only for projects but also for
institutional strengthening - is necessary to meet the
challenge of professionalization and must be a priority for the
movement. But this must be done without compromising the
environmental movement's principles and practices. The
organisations must seek alternatives for raising funds and not
remain dependent on project funding. Partnership is the best
form of relationship between an organisation and its donors.
* The environmentalist organisations must seek a minimum
level of professionalism and staff capacity to fulfill their
regular activities, aiming to improve the organisations'
performance, increase the efficiency of their activities and
play a more active role in society's decision-making
processes.The professionalisation of NGO's activities,
initially, must prioritise press, legal, accounting and
administrative support.
* Professionalisation is very important for the organisations;
that they have a basic professional core capable of co-
ordinating and / or carrying out the most important activities
- including the organisation of volunteer work, which must be
valued and stimulated. But each organisation needs to decide
the level of professionalism that it requires for its situation,
on a case by case basis.
* It is necessary to prioritise the strengthening of local
organisations, respecting their own agendas. It is important
for the environmental movement to recognise and value the
work of small organisations, many of which are not widely
known. For environmental organisations the most efficient
and effective way of working, from an ecological point of
view, is at a local level - it is easier to identify the problems
and help with concrete solutions. 'Think and act, locally and
globally'.
* It is crucial for the environmental groups to prioritise local
campaigns, which are the most important for setting down
roots; emphasising the importance of local activities and the
strengthening of the local base. Regional and national
activities are also important, depending on the situation.
International activities are sporadic, based on short term
issues and tending to be reactive.
* The formation of a group dedicated to developing an
activists' training programme for the movement.
* NGOs need 'media management' training, in order to improve
and maximize opportunities for environmental coverage in the
press.
* Courses, meetings and / or seminars are needed for
exchanging experiences and capacity building. People active
in the environmental movement need to receive qualitative
training to improve capacity for activism as well as their
organisation's management.
* The employment of university students on placements in
environmental organisations is a good way of securing
qualified staff relatively cheaply, as well as contributing to
the development of professionals who have an understanding
of ecological issues.
* The environmental movement needs to establish
partnerships with different social sectors and broaden the
interface with other social movements. Partnership with
universities (where possible) and other institutions is
desirable and can yield good results. At the same time, the
guiding principles to these partnerships must be clear.
* It is important to record the movement's memory, to
research and document its history, evidencing its origins in
the different areas and periods of time.
* One of the movement's priorities is the strengthening of
collective organisations. Co-ordination between NGOs at
local, regional and national level - for the development of
certain themes of common interest, for the mutual exchange
of experiences as well as thematic co-ordination through the
networks - is of extremely great importance for the
movement.
* Any concerted action among NGOs, be it a thematic network
or a regional forum, must have a facilitator to stimulate its
activities. Without this, it is very unlikely that such an
articulation will become concrete, because many of the groups
are already operating to the limits of their capacity; many do
not have an infrastructure capable of assuming collective
responsibilities; others do not have the experience of
collective action, being in the process of learning; most do not
have the resources to carry out the necessary duties in a
professional, efficient and timely manner. In truth, these
collective articulations can and should be perceived as
opportunities for supporting and building capacity for the
organisations and for the the movement itself.
* Emergencies are important factors in bringing these
organisations into closer coordination, because they tend to
unite and support each other in those circumstances. The ones
more well organised must share their know-how with others
who are interested in learning. In the struggle to develop and
consolidate an NGO a great deal of persistence and creativity
is required.
NEEDS AND EXPECTATIONS FROM
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
* The movement and the environmental NGOs do not have
sufficient capacity to meet the growing demand from
Brazilian society for the services of an environmental
organisation, which requires participation as speakers for the
environment and the provision of the following services:
Political:
Representation on environment councils (federal, state and
municipal); participation in public hearings and debates;
participation at seminars and conferences; carryng out public
campaigns; focal points for the environment and reference
vis-a-vis the media, the government and society at large etc.
Technical, scientific and legal:
Provision of environmental expert opinion about various
issues and initiatives; analysis of projects; evaluation of EIA
/ RIMA; monitoring; litigation; implementation and defence of
environmental legislation etc.
Social and educational:
Campaigns for the protection of ecologically relevant areas;
campaigns for sanitation and public health; air and water
quality; against river and water source pollution;
environmental education in schools and the community;
environmental education through teh media; collection and
dissemination of information; activities to defend the
environment and quality of life; support to the creation and
establishment of new NGOs etc.
* The environmental NGOs' main deficiencies and limitations
arise from a lack of resources to build up and maintain an
operational structure and executive capability to meet
society's growing demands. The environmental movement, like
any other social movement, needs human and material
resources to function.
* The environmental movement's other needs are: lack of
systemisation in the flow of information; lack of training and
capacity building programmes; difficulties with broadening
the support base of the movement; lack of a tradition of
volunteering in Brazil.
* The difficulties are basically material, but political
pressures can also create problems. These are addressed with
persistence, creativity and collaboration from different
sectors. Partnerships (internal and external) can contribute
to overcoming limitations, but they happen mostly in
situations of emergency.
* The expertise and experience accumulated by Brazilian
environmentalists over 25 years is of high quality. It is of a
multi- and inter-disciplinary character and has arisen as a
response to real needs. The environmentalists treat technical
questions differently, in comparison with government
officials - this has lead the governmental and private sector
to recognise the distinctive competence of environmental
NGOs and the quality of their expertise. With the
overwhelming expansion of demand, their response capacity
has become insufficient.
* The environmental organisations have survived through the
contributions of sympathetic supporters and activists (often,
in kind), occasional support from agencies and other local
sources. This model of organisation has already exhausted its
possibilities. Now they need more substantial and stable
support to enable the professionalisation of their activities.
* Fundraising skills and capability depend on various factors
such as the exchange of experience and information between
organisations; skills in development and implementation of
projects; minimum standards of organisation, accounting and
administrative procedures; as well as the availability and
openness of funding sources to new applicants.
* Theoretically, the possibilities for obtaining funds are
many, depending only on each organisation's capacity for
action. In practice, few environmental NGOs are plugged into
the financial circuits. They do not have the institutional
structures or the necessary information to participate in the
grant making process. The precarious institutional state of
the movement reduces its capacity to compete for resources.
The funding agencies prefer to support more established
organisations, which also have personal contacts - a
fundamental factor in this area. The fact that the Brazilian
environmental movement is practically unknown outside
Brazil has also contributed to its low level of support from
international funding agencies.
* The environmental movement needs solid partnerships and
institutional support to establish itself and professionalize
its capabilities - not only the support offered by donors
'shopping' for projects. The expectations of the NGOs in
relation to donor agencies are not only of financial support,
but also in policy, information exchange, technical
development and meetings to define policy and joint strategy.
To professionalise their activities, the organisations need
institutional support with human resources as the priority. It
is not only a question of salaries; it is also necessary to
invest in people's capacitation. It is likewise very important
that NGOs collaborate with and support each other.
* The environmental movement needs to urgently identify and
define indicators to measure activities and advances in the
ecological movement. It is essential to be able to
demonstrate results in order to fundraise successfully. We
can cite the experiences of other social movements and NGOs,
which already have learnt to register and demonstrate the
results of their activities. It is necessary to systematise and
document the work done.
* Internally, there are possibilities for raising funds. It is up
to the NGOs to run good programmes and campaign for
resources.
NGOs SUGGESTIONS FOR THE FRANCISCO FOUNDATION
(or any other funding organization)
* Institutional support is the most necessary and most
strategic to strengthen the environmental movement: money
for rent, communications, equipment, occasional travel and
salaries; it is fundamental that the organisations have the
means to pay salaries - a condition without which there's no
professionalization of activities and neither professional
standards of work.
* The adoption of project selection mechanisms that are as
unbureaucratic as possible. The most important factor is that
it is democratic, in relation to the NGOs, whilst preserving
the rights of the Foundation to make its own decisions. Set up
a register of consultants / experts made up of people linked to
the issues and to the NGOs. These individuals must make their
comments, but the final decision must rest with the Board of
Directors of the Foundation. It is important that the NGOs
also participate in the project selection mechanism.
* Create a committee made up of people active in the
movement to evaluate and assess projects. At the same time,
consult other members of the movement with expertise
relevant to the project being assessed. This mechanism
permits a) a broadening of democracy in the movement, b) the
participation of people who really understand the problems of
NGOs and have experience in the area. The process of the
distribution of resources is of fundamental importance and its
practice is not always easy.
* The Foundation's selection criteria should be the following:
- Legal status, up-to-date documentation.
- Organisation institutionally dedicated to the environment.
- Age of the organisation and work done to date: the scope of
its activities, vertical and horizontal.
- Projects that build the capacity of the organisation, also
producing positive results in the community.
- Projects that fit within the strategy of the environmental
movement; commitment and links with the environmental
movement.
- Organisation known by the local or regional
environmentalist community.
- Priority given to NGOs with more difficulties to have access
to funding agencies.
* Give priority to collective organisations, organisations with
history and coherence within the movement, and those which,
because of their capacity to work in articulation with other
organisations, contribute for the construction of the
movement.
* Give preference to small and medium sized organisations,
taking into consideration the quality of their proposals, their
ability to implement it as well as involvement with the local
community.
* Strengthen regional and thematic networks, and the ENEA.
* Create mechanisms for monitoring and indicators for the
evaluation of projects supported.
* Where possible, take into account other programmes and
existing organisations, to optimise resources and avoid
duplicating activities.
* Continue the work to publicise and disseminate information
about the activities of the groups and the environmental
movement among the donor agencies - eventually enabling
their access to those donor agencies' funding programmes.
* Promote training and personnel skills development in the
environmental movement, through meetings, seminars and
workshops. Events such as this 'reflection meeting', promoted
by the Francisco Foundation, must take place more frequently.
* Support management skills development and training for the
organisations; stimulate exchange of experiences and
technical co-operation amongst themselves. Promote
strategic planning within the organisations. Evaluate and
assess their performance; support them in doing this analysis
themselves.
* Train and encourage the partner organisations in
documenting and systematising their work, without becoming
bogged down in bureaucracy.
* Set up an office, a support base for the FNMA and CONAMA
representatives, in Brasilia, which could also serve the
environmental movement in general. Rent a guest house in
Brasilia as a place for travelling environmentalists to stay.
* Support meetings of ecologist environmental lawyers to
swap experiences and improve the effectiveness of their
activities.
* Promote access to electronic information networks.
* Research and document the environmental movement's
memory.
* Support studies of the legal framework ruling NGOs in
Brazil, aiming to eliminate existing problems.
* Encourage publications by NGOs.
* Support the production of a reference book on the
organisations and their work, as well as details on their most
active personnel.
* Invest in projects of regional interest.
* Support unconventional initiatives.
* The NGOs can help the Francisco Foundation in the following
ways:
- Not creating problems for the Foundation.
- Informing the Foundation about their activities and
honouring their commitments.
- Informing the Foundation about relevant environmental
occurrences in their regions.
- Contributing to the evaluation of their projects and the
results, and also, possibly, the activities of the Foundation.
- Publicising and supporting the Foundation politically.
- Collaborating in the definition of a strategy for action and
financial priorities.
- Sharing information and socialising existing NGO experience.
- Co-operating in providing services, supporting activities and
creating work agendas.
- Those that are already in contact with the donor agencies
can support the Foundation in the work to persuade these
agencies of the importance and potential of the environmental
movement.
Subject: Brazilian Environmentalists - Addresses
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Seminar
CHALLENGES TO AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE
ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENT IN BRAZIL
Brasilia, September 28-30, 1995.
Promoted by:
FUNDACAO FRANCISCO
SRTV/Sul - Ed. Palacio do Radio I, Bloco 1, sala 308
70340-000 Brasilia, DF
Tel/Fax: +55-61-322-8757
E-mail: ffrancisco@ax.apc.org
PEOPLE AND ORGANIZATIONS
ALCIDES FARIA
Ecologia e Acao / ECOA
Rua Petunia 219, Cidade Jardim.
79040-650 Campo Grande, MS
Tel/Fax: (067) 724-9109
E-mail: ecoabrmspant@ax.apc.org
ALEXANDRE ARAUJO
Associacao Pernambucana Amigos da Natureza / ASPAN
Caixa Postal, 7862
50732-970 Recife, PE
Tel/Fax: (081) 222-2038
E-mail: aspan@ax.apc.org
ANTONIO SOLER
Centro de Estudos Ambientais / CEA
Rua Santa Cruz, 2290
Pelotas, RS
Tel: (0532) 22-3221 / 22-1203 Fax: (0532) 27-4476
ARNO KAYSER
Movimento Roessler
Rua Tarso Dutra, 106
95540-210 Novo Hamburgo, RS
Tel/Fax: (051) 594-1762
ARY PARARRAIOS
Instituto Viva
CLN 303 - Bl. A - Subsolo 57
70735-510 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 224-1180
AUGUSTO CARNEIRO (presentation)
Pangea - Associacao Ambientalista Internacional
Rua da Republica, 289 - Apt. 34
Porto Alegre, RS
Tel: (051) 224-7014
CESAR VITOR DO ESPIRITO SANTO
Fundacao Pro Natureza - Funatura
SCLN 107 - Bl. B - Salas 201/17
70743-520 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 274-5449 Fax: (061) 274-5324
CHRISTIAN CAUBET
Fundacao Agua Viva / FAVI
Caixa Postal, 5137
88040-970 Florianopolis, SC
Tel/Fax: (0482) 33-3457
E-mail: caubet@cfh.ufsc.br
DARCI BERGMANN
Associacao SaoBorjense de Protecao ao Ambiente Natural / ASPAN
Caixa Postal, 21
97670-000 Sao Borja, RS
Tel/Fax: (055)431-1898
FRANCISCO IGLESIAS
Associacao Potiguar Amigos da Natureza / ASPOAN
Caixa Postal, 2001
59094-972 Natal, RN
Tel: (084) 236-3635 Tel/Fax: (084) 219-4000
E-mail: xblu@ax.apc.org
FRANCISCO MOURAO VASCONCELOS
Associacao Mineira de Defesa Ambiental / AMDA
Av. Alvares Cabral, 1600
30170-001 Belo Horizonte, MG
Tel: (031) 291-0360 Tel/Fax: (031) 291-0661
GEOVANA CARTAXO
Instituto Ambiental de Estudos e Assessoria
Rua Tales Pimentel, 165 Lagoa Redonda
60135-000 Fortaleza, CE
Tel/Fax: (085) 229-3082
HELOISA DIAS
Associacao Capixaba de Protecao ao Meio Ambiente / ACAPEMA
Rua Enrico de Aguiar, 451 - Apt. 305
Ed. Flamboyant, Praia do Canto
29055-280 Vitoria, ES
Tel: (027) 235-1737 Fax: (027) 222-7908
HUMBERTO MAFRA
Fundacao Francisco
Ed. Palacio do Radio I, Bloco 1, sala 308
70340-000 Brasilia, DF
Tel/Fax: (061) 322-8757
E-mail: hmafra@gn.apc.org
ffrancis@ax.apc.org
JOAO PAULO CAPOBIANCO (presentation)
Instituto Socio Ambiental / ISA
Av. Higienopolis, 901 =AD Higienopolis
01238-001 Sao Paulo, SP
Tel: (011) 825-5544 Fax: (011) 825-7861
E-mail: socioamb@ax.apc.org
JOSE AUGUSTO DE PADUA (presentation)
GreenPeace / Brazil
Rua Mexico, 21 - Sala 1301 - Centro
20031-144 Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Tel: (021) 262-7318 / 262-1282
E-mail: gprio@ax.apc.org
JOSE AUGUSTO SARAIVA PEIXOTO
Grupo de Recomposicao Ambiental / GERMEN
Rua Acioli, 26 - Pelourinho Maciel
40025-100 Salvador, BA
Tel/Fax: (071) 321-3968 / 322-1114
KATIA DRAGER MAIA
Instituto Sociedade, Populacao e Natureza / ISPN
Caixa Postal, 9944
70001-970 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 321-8085 Fax: (061) 321-6333
E-mail: foebr@ax.apc.org
LIDIA LUZ
Comissao Pro Indio de Sao Paulo
Rua Ministro Godoy, 1484
05015-001 Sao Paulo, SP
Tel/Fax: (011) 864-1180
LUCIA DA COSTA FERREIRA
Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisas Ambientais da UNICAMP
Caixa Postal, 6166
13081-970 Campinas, SP
Tel: (0192) 39-8151 Fax: (0192) 39-7690
MARCOS SORRENTINO
Instituto Ecoar para a Cidadania
Depto. Ciencias Florestais da ESALQ - Universidade de Sao Paulo
Av. Padua Dias, 11
13418-900 Piracicaba, SP
Tel/Fax (in Sao Paulo): (011) 852-5213
Tel: (0194) 29-4100 Fax: (0194)336081
E-mail: ecoar@ax.apc.org
MARIO MANTOVANI
Fundacao SOS Mata Atlantica
Rua Manoel da Nobrega, 456 - Paraiso
04001-001 Sao Paulo, SP
Tel: (011) 887-1195 Fax: (011) 853-2503
E-mail: smata@ax.apc.org
MARISTELA BERNARDO (presentation)
Senado Federal
Anexo II, Bloco B, 2 andar
Praca dos Tres Poderes
70165-900 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 311-4525 Fax: (061) 311-4351
E-mail: maristel@admass.senado.gov.br
MAUDE NANCY JOSLIN MOTTA
Grupo de Estudos Espeleologicos do Parana / GEEP
Caixa Postal, 81
80001-970 Curitiba, PR
Tel/Fax:(041) 232-1268
E-mail: maternatura@ax.apc.org
MAURICIO GALINKIN
Centro Brasileiro de Referencia e Apoio Cultural /CEBRAC
SCLN 112, Bloco B, loja 10
70762-520 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 340-1020 Tel/Fax: (061) 340-1318
E-mail: fcebrac@nutecnet.com.br
cebracbsb@ax.apc.org
MIGUEL SCARCELLO
SOS Amazonia
Caixa Postal, 434
69900-440 Rio Branco, AC
Tel/Fax: (068) 223-1036
MIRIAM PROCHNOW
Associacao Preservacao do Meio Ambiente Alto Vale do Itajai / APREMAVI
Caixa Postal, 218
89160-000 Rio do Sul, SC
Tel/fax: (047) 822-0326
E-mail: apremavi@ax.apc.org
NEI MARTINS
Bandeira Verde
Caixa Postal, 898
86001-970 Londrina, PR
Tel: (043) 329-7755
Tel/Fax: (043) 336-8396
PAULO PIZZI
Mater Natura - Instituto de Estudos Ambientais
Caixa Postal, 81
80001-970 Curitiba, PR
Tel/Fax: (041) 323-1268
E-mail: maternatura@ax.apc.org
RENATO CUNHA
Grupo Ambientalista da Bahia - GAMBA
Av. Juracy Magalhaes Jr., 768 - Ed. Rio Vermelho Center - Rio Vermelho
41940-060 Salvador, BA
Tel: (071) 248-3925 Tel/Fax: (071) 240-6822
E-mail: gamba@ax.apc.org
SERGIO GUIMARAES
Instituto Centro de Vida / ICV
Caixa Postal, 3001
78068-360 Cuiaba, MT
Tel: (065) 627-1809 Tel/Fax: (065) 627-1128
E-mail: invida@ax.apc.org
TERESA URBAN
Rede Verde
Rua Brigadeiro Franco, 549
80430-210 Curitiba, PR
Tel/Fax: (041) 222-9740
E-mail: redeverde@ax.apc.org
rverde@bsi.com.br
WIGOLD SCHAFFER
Associacao Preservacao do Meio Ambiente Alto Vale do Itajai / APREMAVI
Caixa Postal, 218
89160-000 Rio do Sul, SC
Tel/fax: (047) 822-0326
E-mail: apremavi@ax.apc.org
Observers:
ALEXANDRINA SOBREIRA
Assessoria Especial do Gabinete
Ministerio do Meio Ambiente
Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bloco B
70068-900 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 317-1132
Fax: (061) 226-7101
LEINAD AYER DE OLIVEIRA
Comissao Pro Indio de Sao Paulo
Rua Ministro Godoy, 1484
05015 Sao Paulo, SP
Tel/Fax: (011) 864-1180
MIGUEL MACEDO
Konrad Adenauer Stiftung
Av. Dom Luiz, 880, sala 601
60160-230 Fortaleza, CE
Tel.: (085) 261-9293 Fax: (085) 261-2164
SILVIA RIBEIRO
REDES - Amigos de la Tierra
Fundacion Tierra del Futuro
Avenida Millan, 4113
Montevideo, Uruguay
Tel: +598-2-381640 Fax: +598-2-356265
E-mail: redesur@chasque
apc.org
TAMARA MOHR
Both Ends
Damrak 28-30
1012 LJ - Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Tel: +31-20-623-0823 Fax: +31-20-620-8049
E-mail: bothends@gn.apc.org
TELMA DA SILVA
Doutorado de Linguistica
Universidade de Campinas.
Av. Orozimbo Maia, 2090 - Apt. 54 13023-001 Campinas, SP
Tel: (0192) 55-1730
External presenters:
ANGELA TRESINARI
The Nature Conservancy / Brasil
SHIS/S - QL 22, Conj. 3, Casa 20 - Lago Sul
71650-235 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 366-2953 Fax: (061) 366-1321
CECILIA FERRAZ
Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente
Ministerio do Meio Ambiente
Esplanada dos Ministerios - Bloco B
70068-900 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 317-1203 Fax: (061) 226-7107
CHARLES FOUGEA
Environmental Department
UN Development Program - UNDP
SCN - Quadra 2, Bloco B
70710-500 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 321-5758
JOSE GALIZA TUNDISI
Presidente do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa / CNPq
SETN - Quadra 507, Bloco B
70740-910 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 348-9401 Fax: (061) 273-2955
NANCY MANGABEIRA UNGER
Faculdade de Filosofia - Universidade Federal da Bahia
Rua Monsenhor Gaspar Sadook, 48
41750-200 Salvador, BA
Due to agenda conflict, the following people could not participate in the
Seminar:
ANTONIO CARLOS DE OLIVEIRA
Vitae Civilis
Caixa Postal, 11260
05422-970 Sao Paulo, SP
Tel: (011) 873-3295
BRUNO PAGNOCCHESCHI
Instituto Sociedade, Populacao e Natureza
CLN 202 - Bloco B - Salas 101/104
70832-525 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 321-8085 Fax:(061) 321-6333
DALCE RICAS
Associacao Mineira de Defesa Ambiental / AMDA
Av. Alvares Cabral, 1600 - Santo Agostinho
30170-001 Belo Horizonte, MG
Tel: (031) 291-0360 Tel/Fax: (031) 291-0661
EDUARDO MARTINS
Fundo Mundial para a Natureza / WWF
SHI/S QL 6/8 - Conjunto E
71620-430 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 248-2299 Fax: (061) 248-7176
E-mail: wwfbrafo@ax.apc.org
FABIO FELDMANN
Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de Sao Paulo
Rua Tabapua, 81 - Itaim Bibi
04533-010 Sao Paulo, SP
Tel: (011) 822-5278 Fax: (011) 822-8291
HEINRICH THEODOR FRANK
Associacao Canoense de Protecao ao Ambiente Natural / ASCAPAN
Caixa Postal, 383
92001-970 Canoas, RS
Tel: (051) 472-8317
HENRIQUE LOBO GONCALVES
ADIMA
Palacio da Cultura
Av. Brasil, 2920 - Centro
35070-020 Governador Valadares, MG
Tel: (033) 271-1333 Fax: (033) 271-6769
JEAN-PIERRE LEROY
FASE
Rua Bento Lisboa, 58 - Catete
22221-011 Rio de Janeiro, RJ
Tel: (021) 285-2998 Fax: (021) 205-3099
JOSE LUTZENBERGER
Fundacao Gaia
Rua Jacinto Gomes, 39
90040-270 Porto Alegre, RS
Tel: (051) 331-3105 Fax: (051) 330-3567
MAGDA RENNER
Associacao Democratica Feminina Gaucha - Amigos da Terra / Brasil
Rua Cabral, 151 - Rio Branco
90420-120 Porto Alegre, RS
Tel: (051)331-1861 Tel/Fax: (05l) 332-8884
E-mail: foebr@ax.apc.org
PAULA FRASSINETE LINS DUARTE
Associacao Paraibana de Protecao ao Ambiente Natural / APAN
Rua Empresario Joao Rodrigues Alves, 103 - Conjunto Bancario
58051-000 Joao Pessoa, PB
Tel: (083) 235-3128
PAULO LYRA
Fundo Mundial para a Natureza / WWF
SHI/S QL 6/8 - Conjunto E
71620-430 Brasilia, DF
Tel: (061) 248-2299 Fax: (061) 248-7176
E-mail: wwfbrafo@ax.apc.org
RODRIGO DE CASTRO AMEDEE PERET
Associacao Social Pastoral Rural / APR
Rua Tapuios, 734 - Saraiva
38400-132 Uberlandia, MG
Tel: (034) 214-0845 / 212-0440
RUBENS HARRY BORN
Vitae Civilis
Caixa Postal, 11260
05422-970 Sao Paulo, SP
Tel: (011) 869-6528 Tel/Fax: (011) 869-2941
E-mail: rubinho@ax.apc.org
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