To: Recipients of ECOLOG-L digests <ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Subject: ECOLOG-L Digest - 5 Oct 2003 to 6 Oct 2003 (#2003-247)
There are 7 messages totalling 753 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. polish journal of ecology
2. How to Teach Ecology?
3. How to teach Ecology?
4. JOB-Executive Director- in Inuvik, NT
5. Aquatic Post Doc
6. Which bands are IR and R in a Color InfraRed Aerial Photo? (2)
[ Part 2: "Included Message" ]
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2003 11:22:05 +0200
From: Anna Hillbricht-Ilkowska <ahillbricht@POST.PL>
Subject: polish journal of ecology
[ The following text is in the "iso-8859-2" character set. ]
[ Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set. ]
[ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ]
POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY publishes original scientific papers dealing with
all aspects of ecology : both fundamental and applied, physiological ecology
ecology of population, community, landscape as well as global ecology. The
ollowing types of papers are accepted :
Regular research paper are presenting the results of basic research and are
imited usually to 30 normalised, typed pages including illustrations and ref
rences. Special papers ( limited to 50 pages) are dealing with a broad resea
ch programme, research synthesis or state-of-art in selected ecological pro
lems. Special section inside an issue containing several research papers dea
ing with the same problem can be also considered. In both cases, the authors
should consult with Editor before submission.
Short research contribution or research notes (limited to 5-7 or 3-4 pages
espectively) are presenting brief or specific research results, new method,
equipment, models, etc.
Comments - short papers ( up to 5 pages) containing the opinions and respons
s to already published articles in POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY or the contri
utions to current scientific discussion. They are published ( if necessary)
ogether with reply of the respective author(s). All types of papers are revi
wed. All papers are published exclusively in English.
POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY is covered by : Current Contents ( Agriculture,
iology & Environmental Sciences (CC/AB&ES), Ecological Abstracts, Aquatic Sc
ences and Fisheries Abstracts , Biological Abstracts, Zoological Record, NIS
's FISHLIST/Fisheries Review, Life Sciences Collection ( Cambridge Scientifi
Abstracts), Referativnyj Zhurnal and others. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY i
also indexed and abstracted in Elsevier BIOBASE ( Current Awareness in Biol
gical Sciences (CABS). The contents and abstracts of current issues are
also available in database of Polish Scientific Journals Contents http://ps
c.icm.edu.pl
NOW AVAILABLE!
POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY NR. 3/ 2003
Contents :
Special section on : "Impact of midfield shelterbelts on agricultural landsc
pe: soil processes and litter decomposition" ( guest editors: Kajak A.,Karg
.,Ryszkowski L.) :
L. RYSZKOWSKI1, J. KARG2, Z.BERNACKI2 - Biocenotic function of the mid-field
woodlots in west poland: study area and research assumptions - ( introductor
paper)
Pol. J. Ecol. 2003, 51: 269-281
1Research Center for Agricultural and Forest Environment of the Polish Acad
my of Sciences, Bukowska 19, 60-809 Poznań, Poland, ryszagro@man.poznan.pl
2Research Center for Agricultural and Forest Environment of the Polish Acade
y of Sciences, Field Station Turew, Szkolna 4, 64-000 Ko¶cian, Poland, turew
poczta.onet.pl, bernacki@polbox.com
Abstract: A study of development of newly planted shelterbelts and its impac
on some ecological processes (plant biomass decomposition, insects diversit
enrichment, corridor effect for mammals) were conducted in Turew agricultur
l landscape (West Poland). The aim and general background of study was descr
bed. Study area was characterized.
Jerzy KARG,1 Anna KAJAK2, Lech RYSZKOWSKI3 - Impact of young shelterbelts o
organic matter content and development of microbial and faunal communities
f adjacent fields - ( review research paper )
Pol.J.Ecol. 2003, . 51: 283-290
1Research Centre for Agricultural and Forest Environment PAS, Field Station
Turew, Szkolna 4, 64-000 Ko¶cian, Poland, e-mail: turew@poczta.onet.pl
2Centre for Ecological Research PAS (formerly Institute of Ecology PAS), Dzi
kanów Le¶ny
05-092 Łomianki, Poland, e-mail: annakajak@poczta.onet.pl
3Research Centre for Agricultural and Forest Environment PAS, Bukowska 19, 6
-809 Poznań, Poland, e-mail: ryszagro@man.poznan.pl
Abstract: The paper summarizes results of investigations done in 1999-2000 b
several authors in Wielkopolska region, (western Poland) near Turew in youn
midfield shelterbelts and adjacent cereal fields. It was found that the soi
organic matter content, as well as microbial and faunal biomass decrease gr
dually from the shelterbelt toward the field centre. The annual increase of
arbon was assessed and possible sources of it (wind erosion, leaf fall, inpu
of invertebrate faeces) considered. The results suggest, that excreta contr
bute significantly to total carbon input. The shelterbelts influence the bio
ass, density and composition of many soil and above-ground taxa and individu
l size of animals occurring in bordering fields.
Danuta WOJEWODA1, Stefan RUSSEL2 - The impact of a shelterbelt on soil pro
erties and microbial activity in an adjacent crop field - ( regular researc
paper)
Pol.J.Ecol. 2003, 51: 291-307
1Centre for Ecological Research PAS, Dziekanów Le¶ny, 05-092 Łomianki, Pola
d, e-mail: w.woj@wp.pl
2Warsaw Agricultural University, Rakowiecka 26/30 02-528 Warsaw, Poland, e-m
il: russel@delta.sggw.waw.pl
Abstract: Studies were carried out in a 8 years old shelterbelt planted acro
s croplands (D. Chłapowski Landscape Park, region of Wielkopolska, western P
land) and in the easterly adjacent field. The effect of the shelterbelt on:
oil organic matter content, soil respiration, microbial biomass, dehydrogena
e activity, mineralization potential of N and total number of bacteria and f
ngi in the upper soil layer was analysed. Samples were collected along paral
el sites situated in the central part of the strip (S), in the wood edge (Es
, field edge (Ef) and in the field 10 m (F10) and 50 m (F50) away from the s
rip. All studied microbial parameters, except for plate counted total number
of bacteria and fungi, showed a high and significant correlation with soil
espiration and microbial biomass. The highest values were found in the wood
oil, lowest in the field soil and intermediate in the field edge. Marked ver
ical differences between layers 0-3 and 3-10 cm were noticed on sites S, Es
nd Ef while stratification in the field was visible not earlier than 11 mont
s after ploughing. Some parameters: soil organic matter contents, dehydrogen
se activity, microbial biomass estimated by fumigation-extraction method and
mineralization potential of N, showed a regular pattern along the gradient f
om the shelterbelt to the middle of the field. The study suggests a favourab
e effect of a shelterbelt on organic matter content in the adjacent field. T
is effect may increase with age of the wood strip.
Maciej SZANSER - The effect of shelterbelts on litter decomposition and fa
na of adjacent fields: in situ experiment - ( regular research paper)
Pol.J.Ecol. 2003, 51: 309-321
Centre for Ecological Research, PAS, Dziekanów Leony, 05-092 Lomianki, Pola
d e-mail: cbe@cbe-pan.pl
Abstract: The effect of mid-field shelterbelts on litter decomposition and t
e numbers and biomass of litter inhabiting invertebrate macrofauna was evalu
ted. The question was how far into the fields such an effect could reach. To
answer this question an experiment was set up, in which a uniform substratum
(sand and loam) was laid out inside the metal frames dug in the earth. Litte
of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) was laid out on these substrates. Samples
were taken from the middle of a seven years old wood strip (S) and along the
transect i.e. in the ecotone from its wooded side (ES), from its field side
EF) and in the field 10 (F10) and 50 (F50) meters far from the shelterbelt.
ecomposition rate of litter was retarded with increasing distance from the s
elterbelt. Biomass of the litter dwelling macrofauna was lower in the field
s compared to the shelterbelt and ecotones. Input of dead invertebrate mass
o the soil under litter decreased also from the shelterbelt towards the fiel
center. At the end of the experiment dead invertebrate biomass contributed
o 24% of the total (dead and alive) of animal biomass in the transect. Avera
e contribution of predators to the total animal biomass was the highest in t
e field ecotone (EF - 79%) and the lowest in the field site F50 (56%). A sig
ificant negative relationship was found between the density and biomass of p
edators (Carabidae) and the density and biomass of their potential prey (lar
ae of Diptera and Collembola) along the whole transect.
............................................................................
..................................
Other research papers and short contributions:
Piotr ROBAKOWSKI1, Tomasz WYKA2 - Acclimation of silver fir (Abies alba Mi
l.) seedlings to irradiance conditions under canopies of different tree spec
es in Sudety Mts. (Southern Poland)
Pol.J.Ecol. 2003, 51: 323-337
1August Cieszkowski Agricultural University of Poznań, Department of Forest
y, Wojska Polskiego 69, 60-625 Poznań, Poland, e-mail: pierrot@owl.au.poznan
pl (author for correspondence)
2 Adam Mickiewicz University of Poznań, Department of Biology, General Botan
Laboratory, Al. Niepodleglosci 14, 61-714 Poznań, Poland, e-mail: twyka@amu
edu.pl
Abstract: To determine the influence of tree canopy composition on growth an
physiological performance of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Karkonoski Na
ional Park (Sudety Mountains, Southern Poland), three-year-old fir seedlings
were planted in five forest stands dominated by Betula pendula, Fagus sylvat
ca, Larix decidua, Picea abies or Pinus sylvestris. The stands differed in c
nopy openness such that young fir plants experienced drastically different l
ght environments. After three years of acclimation to site conditions, lengt
of shoots, seasonal changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, and t
e contents of chlorophyll, carotenoids and nutrients in the needles were stu
ied to evaluate the seedling performance. Growth and photosynthetic characte
istics of the young seedlings responded strongly to local light conditions.
he lengths of leader shoot and twigs of the upper whorl reflected variation
n canopy openness during the growing season and were highest under Larix. Th
potential quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) showed a strong depressio
in the spring, especially under the leafless canopies of Betula and Fagus,
robably because of the occurrence of low air temperatures. Later in the seas
n Fv/Fm showed substantial recovery in all stands. Effective quantum yield ?
SII measured under actinic light also showed a growing trend throughout the
eason with the lowest levels noted in the spring, particularly under Fagus a
d Betula. Fluorescence quenching revealed complex seasonal behaviour with li
tle obvious relationship with stand illumination, except for consistently lo
value of photochemical quenching, and immediate or high nonphotochemical qu
nching under the dark Picea canopy, probably reflecting photoprotective accl
mation to sunflecks. Although needle chlorophyll content showed no relations
ip to ambient light, the ratio of carotenoids to chlorophyll was positively
inked to canopy openness suggesting the existence of leaf photoprotection th
t evaded detection by quenching analysis. Nutrient contents in needles depen
ed on site conditions. In the light-transparent Larix stand, the fir needles
were strongly depleted in Mg and Ca. Overall, however, all fir plants from e
perimental plots had much lower needle nutrient content than nursery-raised
lants. Needle chlorosis found in Betula and Pinus stands was, however, not c
used by macronutrient deficiencies. Considering all variables, conditions mo
t conducive for fir growth and good vigor were found under larch and pine ca
opies where light penetration was intermediate to high. In contrast, the poo
est conditions were found in the Betula stand, where high light penetration
n the spring was followed by shading of firs during the growing season.
Zdzisław KAJAK1 and Paweł PRUS2 - Seasonal and year-to-year variation of n
mbers of Chironomus plumosus L. and Tubificidae in a lowland reservoir: regu
arities, causes, mechanisms
Pol.J.Ecol. 2003, 51: 339-351
1Centre for Ecological Research PAS (formerly Institute of Ecology PAS) Dzi
kanów Le¶ny, 05-092 Łomianki, Poland
2Centre for Ecological Research PAS, Dziekanów Le¶ny ,05-092 Łomianki, Polan
and The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Department of River
isheries, Główna 48, Żabieniec, 05-500 Piaseczno, Poland, e-mail: rzeki@infi
h.com.pl (present address)
Abstract: During 9 years of studies very regular Chironomus population dynam
cs was stated in a eutrophic, lowland dam reservoir. There were usually two
eaks of the abundance: the higher one at spring (up to 80 thousands ind. m -
) and the much lower in autumn. The duration of the spring Chironomus genera
ion was about 3 weeks. The constant presence of young larvae during the summ
r did not result in the high total abundance of larvae, mainly due to the st
ong predation of fish and swallows on various stages of Chironomus. The smal
er predators pressure in the spring (due to fish breeding) and in the autumn
(due to lower temperatures) resulted in the mentioned two peaks.
The spring peak abundance was positively correlated with the chlorophyll con
entration in water (feeding resource for larvae) and negatively with the wat
r flow. There was also negative correlation of the water flow and the chloro
hyll concentration, as well as abundance of Chironomus and Tubificidae durin
the vegetation season (April-October). Tubificidae correlated strongly posi
ively with the spring Chironomus numbers (with a month lag). The slight posi
ive correlation of these benthic components abundance occurred for the whole
vegetation season. Tubificidae occurred in generally high numbers ( up to 40
thousands m-2, but various in different years, and with no regular changes
uring the season.
Paweł KOPERSKI - Stone-dwelling leeches (Hirudinea, Clitellata) of Lake Ha
cza (Poland): different sampling methods determine different taxonomic struc
ures
Pol.J.Ecol. 2003, 51: 353-361
Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Zoology, Warsaw University, Banach
2, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland, e-mail: koper@hydro.biol.uw.edu.pl
Abstract: The work concerned the taxonomic structure and densities of assem
lages of leeches inhabiting the stony littoral of oligotrophic Lake Hańcza i
North-Eastern Poland. Samples collected manually from stone surfaces were c
mpared with those found on artificial structures made of PVC. The difference
between the assemblages sampled by these different methods were much greate
than those between assemblages sampled manually from natural stones at most
of sampling sites. Such differences make it clear that artificial substrates
differ from a littoral stone surface in the way they are colonized by leeche
to the extent that using artficial substrates did not prove to be a good me
hod for study the leech community in a stony littoral.
Sylwia JURZYK1, Mariola WRÓBEL2 - Co-occurrence of two species Molinia cae
ulea L. and "red-list" species Carex pulicaris L. in Western Pomerania (Pola
d).
Pol.J.Ecol. 2003, 51: 363-367
1department of dendrology and landscape architecture, agricultural universi
y, 8 janosika street, 71-424 szczecin, poland, e-mail: zdiktz@ns.rektor.ar.s
czecin.pl
2Department of Botany, Agricultural University, 17 Słowackiego street, 71-43
Szczecin, Poland, e-mail: botanika@agro.ar.szczecin.pl
Abstract: Wide patches of fruiting Carex pulicaris L. (subatlantic element i
Polish flora) were found in the Myrico-Salicetum sphagnetosum Pass. 1961 va
. Molinia caerulea association, within the wetland area in Western Pomerania
(Poland). Field observations included measurements of ground-waters, reactio
of soil and seasonally stagnant waters, the height of Molinia caerulea tuft
and also floral and phytosociological observations. Microhabitats of Carex
ulicaris were tufts formed both by dead and living parts of Molinia caerulea
Artificially regulated level of inundation waters of local rivers had influ
nce on site conditions suitable for Carex pulicaris. Distribution of Carex p
licaris within the area of investigations was connected with Molinia caerule
occurrence.
Ján KUKLA, Margita KOVÁČOVÁ, Branislav SCHIEBER - Bioparameters of selecte
herb species in High Tatra Mts. spruce ecosystems
Pol.J.Ecol.2003, 51:369-376
Institute of Forest Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, ©túrova 2, 9
0 53 Zvolen, The Slovak Republic, e-mails: kukla@sav.savzv.sk, kovacova@sav.
avzv.sk, schieber@sav.savzv.sk
Abstract: Bioparameters of selected herb species were studied on five contro
(undamaged) and five bark beetles damaged parallel plots established in for
of two vertical transects in the spruce ecosystems of Bielovodská valley (H
gh Tatra Mts.). The most abundant life forms in the studied phytocoenoses we
e hemicryptophytes (65%), the least abundant geophytes (5%). According to si
nificance of differences in the average length of shoots the sensitivity of
erb species to different ecological conditions and calamitous changes of the
spruce stands density is as follows: Homogyne alpina >Luzula sylvatica =
ryopteris dilatata >Oxalis acetosella. According to significance of diffe
ences in energy content the sensitivity of species was following: Luzula syl
atica >Oxalis acetosella >Dryopteris dilatata >Homogyne alpina >
accinium myrtillus. However, the mean values calculated for undamaged and fo
damaged plots were significantly different (P< 0.05) only in the case of
weight of Luzula sylvatica shoots.
Aleksandra SAMECKA-CYMERMAN1, Alexius J. KEMPERS2 - Enrichment ratios of el
ments in selected plant species from black coal mine dumps in Lower Silesia
Poland)
Pol.J.Ecol. 2003, 51: 377-383
1Department of Ecology and Nature Protection, Wrocław University, Kanonia 6
8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland, e-mail: sameckaa@biol.uni.wroc.pl
2Department of Aquatic Ecology and Biogeology, University of Nijmegen, Toern
oiveld, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Abstract: Concentration of the metals Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, S
, Zn and V as well as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and S were measured in soils and i
two tree species (leaves of Betula pendula and Salix caprea and two herbs (
hole aboveground parts of Solidago canadensis and Tanacetum vulgare) sampled
from dumps in the Wałbrzych coal mine area (Lower Silesia, SW Poland). These
plants, as used to evaluate the distribution of elements in the examined dum
s, contained elevated levels of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. Especially th
highest levels of Mn in Betula pendula seriously exceed background values.
etula pendula characterized also the highest enrichment ratio for Mn, Salix
aprea for Ni and Sr and Tanacetum vulgare for Cu.
Test-t indicated that from both herbs Tanacetum vulgare accumulated much mor
K, N, S and Zn than Solidago canadensis and of both trees Salix caprea accu
ulated significantly more Cd, Cu, K and Ca than Betula pendula, while this l
st species accumulated significantly more Fe and Mn than Salix caprea.
A post hoc LSD test indicated that all examined plants had similar enrichmen
ratios for Al, Pb and V.
Piotr G. JABŁOŃSKI - - The painted redstart (Myioborus pictus L.) search
ate of a cryptic versus conspicuous prey: a field test of optimal search mod
ls
Pol.J.Ecol. 2003, 51s: 385-388
Centre for Ecological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-092 Łomianki
Dziekanów Le¶ny, Poland, and University of Arizona, ARLDN, 611 Gould Simpso
, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA, e-mail: piotrjab1@wp.pl
Abstract: Models of optimal search rates predict that predators increase the
search rate when availability of conspicuous prey increases relative to cryp
ic prey. I tested this prediction by comparing foraging hop rates by 19 Pain
ed Redstarts (Myioborus pictus) - insectivorous birds in Arizona, USA. Redst
rts often use flashy displays of open wings and tail to flush their prey and
to subsequently chase the prey in air. Such flush-displays make the prey con
picuous and easy to detect. Hence, foraging mode affects relative availabili
y of conspicuous versus cryptic prey: birds foraging with frequent flush-dis
lays encounter conspicuous prey more often then birds foraging with infreque
t flush-displays. As predicted, the hop rates during foraging with infrequen
flush-displays were lower than hop rates during foraging with frequent disp
ays.
The papers as well as all correspondence should be mailed on the address :
Prof. Dr. Anna Hillbricht-Ilkowska , Editor POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
Centre for Ecological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences
Dziekanow Lesny near Warsaw, 05-092 Lomianki, Poland
Fax ( 48 22) 75131 00 , tel ( 48 22) 75131 46
e-mail ahillbricht@post.pl
Still available are the SPECIAL ISSUES published in last years :
1.Long-term effect of liming in a humic lake ( editor : A.Hillbricht-Ilkow
ka ). - Pol.J.Ecol. 1998, 46(4) :345-415
The long-term effects ( for 20 years) of liming of previously slightly acid
low-calcium, humic, mid-forest lake ( Lake Flosek on Masurian Lakeland) wer
assessed. The higher Ca content, neutral pH, high transparency and low alga
biomass were noted permanently. The direct effects on biodiversity and indi
ect effects ( via food availability and predation) on food web structure and
lake ecosystem functioning were recognized. The problem of moderate liming o
naturally acid humic lakes was raised up as the way of their protection aga
nst further acidification and in supporting their oligotrophic character and
unique biodiversity.
2. Effect of industrial pollution and spruce decline on the biocenoses of K
rkonosze Mts.( South-Western Poland ) ( guest editor : E.D±browska-Prot) -
ol. J. Ecol. 1999, 47(4) : 365-476.
Response of soil conditions, herb-layer vegetation and invertebrate communi
ies
( spiders, entomofauna) in montainous spruce forest affected by air pollutio
.
3.Biomanipulation of macroarthropods - effect on food web in grass ecosyst
m
( guest editor : A.Kajak) - Pol. J. Ecol. 2000, 48(4) : 261-360
Seven papers on the effect of macroarthropods on the decomposition rate of
rass litter in a field experiment. It was found that macroarthropods acceler
te decomposition rate of the litter as well as they increase the carbon and
umic acids storage in soil. Possible mechanisms of their contribution to dec
mposition pattern are also considered.
4. Bank vole biology : recent advances in the population biology of a model
species ( guest editors : G.Bujalska and L. Hansson ) - Pol. J. Ecol. 2000,
8( Suppl.) : 1-256.
The volume contains 18 papers dealing with different aspects of biology and
ecology of Clethrionomys glareolus like : the characteristics of individua
animals and their geographical variation, local populations and their dynam
cs and the dynamics over large spatial scales.
5. Upper Vistula River : response of aquatic communities to pollution and i
poundment ( guest editors : R.Żurek and H.Kasza) - Pol. J. Ecol. 2002, 50(2)
: 105-266.
The volume contains 11 papers on the effect of pollution and management of
Upper Vistula on selected aquatic communities.
6.Catchment impact on lakes : long-term studies of the river-lake system in
diversified landscape ( editor : Anna Hillbricht-Ilkowska )- Pol. J. Ecol.
002, 50(4) : 407-554.
The issue contains 9 papers on the landscape structure ( air photos), seaso
al and long-term export rates of nutrients from lake watersheds, nutrient lo
ding and retention in lakes, eutrophication rate of lakes as well as the flo
istic and functional analysis of wetland zones along lakes and wetland patch
s as the barrier systems. The river-lake system of r. Jorka on Masurian Lake
and ( Poland ) was the main study area. The review paper on the links betwee
landscape, catchment basin, wetland and lake was presented as well as the s
nthesis paper on the results and conclusions of the above studies.
7.Patterns and processes in freshwater ecotones : perspectives and case stu
ies
( guest editors : Radwan S., Rybak J.I., Węgleńska T.) - Pol.J.Ecol . 2003,
1(1) : 109 - 250.
The volume contains 15 papers dealing with lacustrine ecotones i.e. the w
tland patches and littoral zones connected with lakes and lakeland areas. T
e diversity and dynamics of vegetation and invertebrate communities ( be
thos, plankton, psammon) in littoral of different lakes were assessed as we
l as the nutrients, heavy metals and organic compounds concentration in la
d-lake ecotone. Long-term changes in the ecotone network as well as the eff
cts of their restoration were described. The biogeochemical role of wetland
atches in lakeland area was specified. A river-lake system was considered a
the pattern of landscape patches and their ecotones.
Subscription
Orders for the current issues of POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY as well as fo
for back and archival issues should be mailed directly to :
Library,
Centre for Ecological Research,
Polish Academy of Sciences,
Dziekanów Le¶ny (near Warsaw),
05-092 Łomianki, Poland,
fax (+48 22) 751 31 00
The payment should be made directly by cheque mailed to the address as above
or by transfer to :
. PKO BANK POLSKI
46- 10201026-122740972
The current price for a yearly issue is 130 US dollars + postage. However, t
e price may be changed and one should inquire about actual price as well as
he prices of back and archival issues.
[ Part 3: "Included Message" ]
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2003 10:05:43 -0400
From: Charlene D'Avanzo <cdavanzo@HAMPSHIRE.EDU>
Subject: How to Teach Ecology?
[ The following text is in the "iso-8859-1" character set. ]
[ Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set. ]
[ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ]
Colleagues,
The ESA sponsors a website designed to help ecology faculty teach
ecology - especially in a more "student-active way" (approaches in
addition to lecturing) - called TIEE (Teaching Issues and Experiments
in Ecology). The URL is http://www.ecoed.net/tiee/. This is an NSF
funded project.
TIEE has 3 parts - Experiments (inquiry-based), Issues (for lecture,
even in huge classes), and Teaching which interfaces with the other
two sections. You can download PDF files or project parts of the site
in your class (e.g. a figure for discussion).
TIEE provides lots of suggestions about teaching ecology in lecture
and lab. But, it is not a "how to" manual. Its purpose is to give
you ideas that you modify for your own situtation and teaching style.
We want it to be something that you return to again and again. TIEE
will also introduce you to the theories and research behind
student-active teaching.
We are looking for authors of Experiments and Issues. There is also
a new section called "Data Sets" (now in the Teaching section, soon
to be moved "up front') in which students work with LTER and other
data. We also need Data Set authors.
Finally, I will be happy to respond to anyone's quuestion about
ecology teaching.
Sincerely,
Charlene D'Avanzo
--
©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©
Charlene D'Avanzo
Professor of Ecology &
Dean, School of Natural Sciences
Hampshire College
Phone 413-5595569
FAX 413-5595448
Homepage: http://helios.hampshire.edu/~cdNS/
TIEE: http://www.esa.org/education/
Course website: http://ns.hampshire.edu/ns207/
©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©©
[ Part 4: "Included Message" ]
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2003 10:49:15 -0400
From: SHIYUN WEN <swen@RRPAC.UPR.CLU.EDU>
Subject: Re: How to teach Ecology?
Hi, I don't have much experience of teaching Ecology, but I have been a
student of Ecology for many years. I, more or less, know many types of
teaching style, and how the concepts can be easier to be accepted and
applied more flexibly from my own perspective.
For instance, I have a professor who taught Soil Sciences and used his
note for 20 year without changes (a joke). Another professor taught Forest
Genetics and repeated the text exactly without single difference from
the text (without consulting the book. IMAZING, I would allow differences
but not errors).
There is a third professor who gave many assignment of papers and
discussed papers in the classroom with the students. The basic concepts of
Evolution, Competition, Interactions among the Eco-community and Ecosystem
were illustrated and enbeded in the discussion. One great thing about it
is that many concepts that we had learned previously were refleshed,
activated and became alive. These days, many students graduated from this
class can talk about Ecology with a lot more confidence, without leaving
jokes for their colleagues.
I am somehow curious about this type of teaching style. Why did this
professor use this teaching style, instead of others. First of all, I
think that he himself must be very confident about his own knowledge in
Ecology and well equiped with conventional wisdom. Any question came up he
would be able to give a scientific and convincing explanation to his
students. Second, I think that he provided an academic environment which
encouraged creativity, and freedom and originality of thinking. I was not
sure how much I had got from his class at the time. Only thing I felt
is exhausting, but interesting. But now I am very sure, I have made
progress in skills of writting (we wrote many lab reports), reading, and
making arguments in general, and I also obtained substantial knowledge in
Ecology and Evolution (both classic and active research area) in
particular.
My two cents contribution through graduate study in US.
Shiyun Wen
Dept Biology
University of Puerto Rico
PO Box 23360
San Juan, PR 00931
tel: (787) 764 0000 X 2915
fax: (787) 764 3875
On Sun, 5 Oct 2003, VOLTOLINI wrote:
> Dear friends,
>
> I would like to receive suggestions about books and articles on =
> different approaches to teach ecology. Is there any review about this =
> subject ?
>
> I would like to learn more about the theory around teaching ecology...
>
> Does anyone can help me please?
>
> Thanks...
>
>
> Voltolini
>
>
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> Prof. J. C. VOLTOLINI
> Grupo de Estudos em Ecologia de Mamiferos (ECOMAM)
> Universidade de Taubate, Departamento de Biologia
> Praca Marcelino Monteiro 63, Bom Conselho.
> Taubate, SP. CEP 12030-010. BRASIL.
> Tel: 0XX12 - 2254165 (Lab. Zool.) ou 2254277 (Depto. Biol.)
> E-Mail: jcvoltol@uol.com.br
> http://www.ecomam.hpg.ig.com.br
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>
> "Tutto di noi =E8 un angelo con un'ala e
> possiamo volare soltanto se ci abbracciamo"
>
[ Part 5: "Included Message" ]
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2003 16:30:29 -0400
From: denise auriat <deniseauriat@YAHOO.CA>
Subject: JOB-Executive Director- in Inuvik, NT
I apologize a head of time for any cross-postings.
Denise
Executive Director
Gwich'in Renewable Resource Board
Full time position
The Executive Director will:
· administer the activities of the Board;
· provide administrative support to the Chairperson
and the Board;
· carry out the directions and decisions of the Board;
· supervise resource and administrative staff;
· monitor current financial status and prepare Board
budgets;
· prepare, develop or negotiate Contribution
Agreements as necessary;
· maintain regular liaison with various organizations
and Government agencies;
· work with adjacent land claim groups and develop
cooperative working relationships.
Education: Bachelor or Masters degree in Biology,
Resource Management or Administration.
The Board is looking for an individual who:
· is familiar with the Gwich^Ňin Comprehensive Land
Claim Agreement and Implementation Plan, particularly
with sections dealing with the management of all
renewable resources and associated processes and
structures;
· has senior administrative skills;
· understands scientific methods and the integration
of it with traditional knowledge;
· is aware of renewable resource issues and
initiatives affecting the Gwich^Ňin Settlement Area;
· can work independently and with other staff and
community members;
· is self-motivated and has good planning skills;
· has good interpersonal and communication skills
(written and oral); and
· is comfortable working on computers (basic
software).
Location: Inuvik, NT
Salary and Benefits:
· Salary range $70,000 to $80, 000
· Northern Allowance of $8,552/year
· Attractive vacation and personal leave package
(starting at 5 weeks)
· Benefits package (dental, health, life and
disability)
Applicants should submit a letter of interest and a
resume before 5 pm on November 3, 2003.
For more information or to submit an application
contact:
Peter Clarkson, Executive Director,
Gwich'in Renewable Resource Board,
Box 2240, Inuvik, NT, X0E 0T0
Phone: (867) 777-3429, Fax 867 (777)-4260,
peter.clarkson@grrb.nt.ca
or visit www.grrb.nt.ca
______________________________________________________________________
Post your free ad now! http://personals.yahoo.ca
[ Part 6: "Included Message" ]
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2003 15:56:12 -0500
From: David S. White <david.white@MURRAYSTATE.EDU>
Subject: Aquatic Post Doc
POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, Center for Reservoir Research,
Murray State University. Position to begin November
2003. Qualifications: Ph.D. required in the area of Stream or Lake
Ecology; a knowledge of aquatic insects preferred.
Responsibilities: Provide assistance to Center scientists in conducting
basic and applied research on reservoirs and their attendant ecosystems,
primarily Kentucky Lake and its watersheds. To Apply: Send letter of
interest, vitae, names, and addresses of three references to: Dr. David
White, Center for Reservoir Research, 561 Emma Drive, Murray, KY
42071. For further information, call (270) 474-2272 or e-mail
David.White@murraystate.edu. Women and minorities are encouraged to
apply. Murray State University is an equal education and employment
opportunity, M/F/D, AA employer.
NOTE: This is a 2-year position with possible renewal for a third year
depending on funding availability. The position will be located at the
Hancock Biological Station on Kentucky Lake with excellent facilities for
aquatic research. Approximately 50% of the time will be devoted to ongoing
research grants and 50% to the candidate's area of interest. Closing date
for applications is 15 October 2003.
David S. White
Professor, Department of Biological Sciences
Director, Hancock Biological Station
Coordinator, Center for Reservoir Research
561 Emma Drive
Murray, KY 42071
Phone 270-474-2272
FAX 270-474-0120
[ Part 7: "Included Message" ]
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2003 17:08:38 -0400
From: Feng Liu <asherliu@TAMU.EDU>
Subject: Which bands are IR and R in a Color InfraRed Aerial Photo?
Which bands are IR and R in a Color InfraRed Aerial Photo?
[ Part 8: "Included Message" ]
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2003 14:39:14 -0700
From: Jonathan Greenberg <greenberg@UCDAVIS.EDU>
Subject: Re: Which bands are IR and R in a Color InfraRed Aerial Photo?
It really depends on the sensor -- if it's a false color IR, a lot of times
the bands (in this order) are green, red and NIR. You shouldn't assume
this, though -- you should go to whoever built the sensor and ask them.
--j
--
Jonathan Greenberg
Graduate Group in Ecology, U.C. Davis
http://www.cstars.ucdavis.edu/~jongreen
http://www.cstars.ucdavis.edu
AIM: jgrn307 or jgrn3007
MSN: jgrn307@msn.com or jgrn3007@msn.com
-----Original Message-----
From: Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news
[mailto:ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU] On Behalf Of Feng Liu
Sent: Monday, October 06, 2003 2:09 PM
To: ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU
Subject: Which bands are IR and R in a Color InfraRed Aerial Photo?
Which bands are IR and R in a Color InfraRed Aerial Photo?
From LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Sat Oct 11 10:45:04 2003
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 00:00:19 -0400
From: Automatic digest processor <LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Reply-To: "Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news"
<ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
To: Recipients of ECOLOG-L digests <ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Subject: ECOLOG-L Digest - 6 Oct 2003 to 7 Oct 2003 (#2003-248)
[ Part 1: "Included Message" ]
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 00:00:19 -0400
From: Automatic digest processor <LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Reply-To: "Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news"
<ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
To: Recipients of ECOLOG-L digests <ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Subject: ECOLOG-L Digest - 6 Oct 2003 to 7 Oct 2003 (#2003-248)
There are 5 messages totalling 207 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Vespula squamosa
2. Ecology Job
3. ECOLOGIST FACULTY POSITION
4. Postdoctoral Research Position - Data-Assimilation for
Ecosystem-Atmosphere Interactions
5. Job advertisement
[ Part 2: "Included Message" ]
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2003 18:26:36 -0700
From: Doreen Hoover <dhoover@RESCUE.COM>
Subject: Vespula squamosa
Hello all,
I am doing some research on Vespula squamosa and was wondering if anyone
knows of any nests in the southeastern US area? I am not living in this
area and would be traveling to try to find some nests that are still
active. I would greatly appreciate any help or contacts anyone could
give. I would especially like to find more than one nest to conduct my
research on if possible. Thank you in advance for any help!
doreen hoover
dhoover@rescue.com
[ Part 3: "Included Message" ]
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2003 11:30:26 -0400
From: Tim Wootton <twootton@UCHICAGO.EDU>
Subject: Ecology Job
UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
The Department of Ecology & Evolution invites applications for a tenure
track/tenured faculty position in the field of ECOLOGY. Applicants at all
ranks are encouraged to apply. Information about the department and the
closely-affiliated Committee on Evolutionary Biology can be found at
http://pondside.uchicago.edu. Send a CV, selected reprints and preprints,
statements of research and teaching interests, and three letters of
reference to Ecology Search Committee, Dept. of Ecology and Evolution,
University of Chicago, 1101 East 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Applications may also be sent electronically as PDF attachments to
s-weil@uchicago.edu. Applications will be accepted until the position is
filled; application review will begin November 15, 2003. The University of
Chicago is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer.
[ Part 4: "Included Message" ]
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2003 12:17:46 -0400
From: John Wehr <wehr@FORDHAM.EDU>
Subject: ECOLOGIST FACULTY POSITION
[ The following text is in the "iso-8859-1" character set. ]
[ Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set. ]
[ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ]
ECOLOGIST FACULTY POSITION
The Department of Biological Sciences of Fordham University invites
applicants for a tenure-track faculty position in Ecology at the Assistant
Professor level, for Fall 2004. We are especially interested in hiring a
population biologist or molecular ecologist who uses innovative field and
laboratory methods to address questions concerning the ecology and evolution
of animal populations.
The successful candidate will join a growing group of ecologists (currently
eight research faculty) based at the Louis Calder Center - Biological
Station (http://www.fordham.edu/calder_center/). The station is located in
southern New York state, near the village of Armonk, in a hilly, wooded
region of northern Westchester County. We are about a 45-minute drive from
the main (Rose Hill) campus of Fordham University. Faculty at the station
benefit from a vibrant, collaborative research environment and are
supported by external research grants. The station also runs a summer
NSF-REU site
(http://www.fordham.edu/calder_center/calder-center/CSUR-Program.html), in
which the successful candidate can participate. There are also
opportunities for collaborations with scientists at the Wildlife
Conservation Society, New York Botanical Garden, and the American Museum of
Natural History, as well as other local universities.
The successful applicant will have a Ph.D. and postdoctoral experience, and
is expected to teach at the undergraduate and graduate levels. We seek
individuals who will establish a vigorous, extramurally funded research
program and supervise graduate and undergraduate students at the field
station.
Applicants should submit curriculum vitae, brief statement of teaching and
research experience and future interests, and names and telephone numbers of
three references to: Dr. Berish Y. Rubin, Ecologist Search Committee, c/o
Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Box 887, Armonk, NY 10504. Closing
date is November 21, 2003. Fordham University is an independent, Catholic
university in the Jesuit tradition, and welcomes applications from women and
men of all backgrounds. We are an Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action
Employer and strongly encourage applications from women and minorities.
[ Part 5: "Included Message" ]
Date: Tue, 7 Oct 2003 16:39:04 -0400
From: Wilfred M. Post <postwmiii@ORNL.GOV>
Subject: Postdoctoral Research Position - Data-Assimilation for
Ecosystem-Atmosphere Interactions
Position: Postdoctoral Research Position - Data-Assimilation for Ecosystem
Atmosphere Interactions (ORNL04-02-ESD)
Position opened: Tue, October 07, 2003
Position closes: Tue, December 07, 2004
The Environmental Sciences Division (ESD) http://www.esd.ornl.gov at the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) http://www.ornl.gov is seeking applications
for a
postdoctoral fellow to work with an interdisciplinary team conducting resear
h in
developing and applying data-assimilation methods to terrestrial ecosystem s
ience.
Applicants with strong backgrounds in either terrestrial biogeochemistry, nu
erical
modeling of terrestrial ecosystem or atmospheric processes, application of i
verse
modeling methods to hydrology, ocean, or atmosphere dynamics, or mathematica
theory of optimal control are encouraged to apply. The postdoctoral fellow w
ll work
on a recently funded project to apply data assimilation methods to models an
measurements of net exchange of CO2, water vapor, and energy between terrest
ial
vegetation and the atmosphere. The postdoctoral fellow will have access to
advanced computational facilities at the ORNL Center for Computational Scien
e,
and work with investigators experienced in measuring, monitoring, and modeli
g
ecosystem-atmosphere exchanges, and in applying of control theory methods to
biological systems.
A Ph.D. completed within the past 5 years or soon to be completed is require
.
Strong programming and modeling skills, as well as a background in ecosystem
hydrological, atmospheric or ocean science are important. The appointment is
for 2
years with the possibility of an extension depending on program funding.
Applications will be reviewed beginning October 20; the position will remain
open
until filled. For additional information contact Drs. Wilfred Post ( postwmi
i@ornl.gov ,
865-576-3431) or Lianhong Gu ( lianhong-gu@ornl.gov , 865-241-5925)
Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. To apply sen
a
letter of interest, a resume and names and contact information of three refe
ences to
Wilfred Post , Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 2008, Building 1509
Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6335. Please reference the position title and number
(ORNL04-02-ESD ), when corresponding about this position.
This position will be offered through the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associa
es
Program. Application information can be found at http://www.orau.gov/orise/e
u/
postgrad/ornlpdoc.htm
Salaries will be competitive. The program is open to all qualified U.S. and
on-U.S.
citizens without regard to race, color, age, religion, sex, national origin,
physical or
mental disability, or status as a Vietnam-era veteran or disabled veteran.
Please reference the position title and number (if any), when corresponding
bout
this or any other position listed on this site.
Additional information about the Oak Ridge National Laboratory is available
rom
http://www.ornl.gov.
ORNL, a multiprogram research facility managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the
.S.
Department of Energy, is an equal opportunity employer committed to building
and
maintaining a diverse work force.
[ Part 6: "Included Message" ]
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 12:26:21 +1300
From: Richard Harris <HarrisR@LANDCARERESEARCH.CO.NZ>
Subject: Job advertisement
Invertebrate Ecologist
Landcare Research is a Crown Research Institute dedicated to high quality re
earch relevant to sustainable use of natural resources.
We seek a Scientist to carry out research and consultancies in invasive inve
tebrate ecology and management in natural ecosystems relevant to policy and
anagement agencies. The successful candidate will conduct research within t
e following areas: improving border biosecurity through development of risk
ssessment methodologies; pest-spread modelling; improved methodologies for d
tection of pests; environmental impacts of pest species; and the development
of improved management strategies for established species.
You will have postgraduate qualifications in entomology with a sound ecologi
al background. Experience and wide-ranging knowledge of entomology with theo
etical and practical understanding of invasive species issues is necessary a
well as a sound quantitative approach to the solution of research problems.
In addition, you will need to demonstrate well-developed communication skill
, the ability to build and maintain effective relationships, and the ability
to lead and work well in a research team.
A full driver licence is required for this position as is a commitment to th
principles of the Treaty of Waitangi, EEO and our animal ethics code of con
uct. A knowledge of Maori environmental management issues would be an advant
ge.
This position is based in our Auckland office.
Closing Date is 24 October 2003
Position description and application forms are available from Carol Wallace,
Landcare Research NZ Ltd. PO Box 3127 Hamilton, Phone (07) 8583700, Fax (07)
858 4964, e-mail wallacec@landcareresearch.co.nz or on our website at www.la
dcareresearch.co.nz.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
WARNING: This email and any attachments may be confidential and/or
privileged. They are intended for the addressee only and are not to be read,
used, copied or disseminated by anyone receiving them in error. If you are
not the intended recipient, please notify the sender by return email and
delete this message and any attachments.
The views expressed in this email are those of the sender and do not
necessarily reflect the official views of Landcare Research.
Landcare Research
http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
From LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Sat Oct 11 10:45:19 2003
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 00:00:19 -0400
From: Automatic digest processor <LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Reply-To: "Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news"
<ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
To: Recipients of ECOLOG-L digests <ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Subject: ECOLOG-L Digest - 7 Oct 2003 to 8 Oct 2003 (#2003-249)
[ Part 1: "Included Message" ]
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 00:00:19 -0400
From: Automatic digest processor <LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Reply-To: "Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news"
<ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
To: Recipients of ECOLOG-L digests <ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Subject: ECOLOG-L Digest - 7 Oct 2003 to 8 Oct 2003 (#2003-249)
There are 7 messages totalling 320 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Question on forest tree mapping techniques (2)
2. Save September 12-15, 2004 for Restore America's Estuaries' National
Conference!
3. mac vs pc
4. Permanent Scientist Position - US Forest Service
5. Wildlife Ecologist Position
6. Postdoc position available at Colorado State University
[ Part 2: "Included Message" ]
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 09:19:52 -0400
From: Audrey Barker Plotkin <aabarker@FAS.HARVARD.EDU>
Subject: Question on forest tree mapping techniques
I am embarking on a project to map the trees in eight 1-ha forest plots in
central New England. Six of these are hemlock-dominated, and two are
hardwood-dominated. I'd be interested in hearing about your favorite
techniques for mapping large forest plots. Ideas on equipment, methods, or
efficiency tips would be very welcome.
Thank you,
Audrey Barker Plotkin
_________________________
Audrey Barker Plotkin
Site and Research Coordinator
Harvard Forest, P.O. Box 68
Petersham, MA 01366
978-724-3302 x268
978-724-3595 (FAX)
http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
________________________
[ Part 3: "Included Message" ]
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 09:46:30 -0400
From: Nicole Maylett <nmaylett@ESTUARIES.ORG>
Subject: Save September 12-15,
2004 for Restore America's Estuaries' National Conference!
[ The following text is in the "iso-8859-1" character set. ]
[ Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set. ]
[ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ]
Dear Member of the Habitat Restoration Community for our coasts and
estuaries,
We are gathering together again ^Ö this time in Seattle!
Restore America^Ňs Estuaries is thrilled to announce the
Second National Conference on Coastal and Estuarine Habitat Restoration,
September 12-15, 2004 at the Washington State Convention & Trade Center
in Seattle, Washington.
Last April, more than 800 members of the restoration community met at
the Inaugural National Conference in Baltimore, Md. to share successes,
discuss lessons learned and plan for the future of restoration.
Participants were from all corners of restoration, including field
practitioners, businesses, community leaders, consultants, scientists,
program managers, regulators, educators and others who are involved in
every aspect of coastal habitat restoration. The 105 Conference partners
and sponsors were also broadly representative of the full restoration
community, and they displayed their products, services and programs in
the dynamic Conference Exhibit Hall.
Building on this tremendous momentum, the Second National Conference
will again advance the knowledge, pace, practice and success of coastal
and estuarine habitat restoration. While addressing restoration
challenges and successes around the country, the Second National
Conference will also highlight the unique resources and restoration
efforts in and around the Pacific Northwest.
The goals of the conference will be to:
*· Expand our collective ability to restore habitat through small to
large scale projects ^Ö toward our Nation^Ňs goal of restoring 1 million
acres;
*· Build the restoration industry ^Ö products and services crucial to
success in restoration; and
*· Catalyze new levels of exchange and collaboration between businesses,
government, non-profit organizations, scientists, educators and
volunteers.
The Second National Conference will provide an unparalleled opportunity
to:
*· Communicate your experience and talent through presentation and
discourse, helping to craft the future of restoration;
*· Connect with leaders and peers involved in coastal and estuarine
habitat restoration;
*· Learn successful strategies for all aspects of habitat restoration
planning, implementation, outreach and community involvement; and
*· Discover the latest products, tools, practices and services available
to you from businesses, government agencies, community and non-profit
organizations and others who will exhibit at the ^ÓRestoration Expo.^Ô
More information and the Call for Presentations will be available in
October at our website, http://www.estuaries.org/.
If you are interested in exhibiting at the Restoration Expo or becoming
a Conference Sponsor, please contact:
Rick Bates, Development Director, rickbates@estuaries.org, 703-524-0248.
For more information, please contact:
Nicole Maylett, Conference Coordinator, nmaylett@estuaries.org,
703-524-0248, or
Steve Emmett-Mattox, Vice President and Program Director,
sem@estuaries.org, 703-524-0248.
[ Part 4: "Included Message" ]
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 16:32:17 -0400
From: "[iso-8859-1] Yves Claveau" <yves_claveau@YAHOO.CA>
Subject: Re: Question on forest tree mapping techniques
[ The following text is in the "iso-8859-1" character set. ]
[ Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set. ]
[ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ]
Audrey,
take a look at the following paper:
M.F. Quigley and H.H. Slater. 1994. Mapping Forest
Plots: A Fast Triangulation Method for One Person
Working Alone. South. J. Appl. For., 18(3): 133-136.
In short, they suggest the use of linear measuring
devices to speed up mapping work.
Let me know of the answers you got.
Regards,
Yves
--- Audrey Barker Plotkin <aabarker@FAS.HARVARD.EDU>
a écrit : > I am embarking on a project to map the
trees in
> eight 1-ha forest plots in
> central New England. Six of these are
> hemlock-dominated, and two are
> hardwood-dominated. I'd be interested in hearing
> about your favorite
> techniques for mapping large forest plots. Ideas on
> equipment, methods, or
> efficiency tips would be very welcome.
>
> Thank you,
> Audrey Barker Plotkin
>
> _________________________
> Audrey Barker Plotkin
> Site and Research Coordinator
> Harvard Forest, P.O. Box 68
> Petersham, MA 01366
> 978-724-3302 x268
> 978-724-3595 (FAX)
> http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
> ________________________
__________________________________________________________
Lčche-vitrine ou lčche-écran ?
magasinage.yahoo.ca
[ Part 5: "Included Message" ]
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 16:25:25 -0500
From: D. Liane Cochran-Stafira <cochran@SXU.EDU>
Subject: mac vs pc
Hi all,
This is a bit off the usual topics, but I'd like some first hand opinions.
Because of my "special" computing needs (i.e. faster, more memory etc than
the run of the mill machines they dole out to the whole university), I will
be purchasing my own. I have really run out of patience with crashes etc
using Windows, not to mention its susceptibility to the recent flood of
viruses. I'm looking into perhaps switching over to the Mac G5. I want to
make sure though, that the OS 10 - Windows interface really works. In
particular, will programs like Populus run properly? I'll have my "old" pc
as a backup, but before I take the leap, I'd really appreciate any war
stories.
Thanks,
Liane
Note the new homepage URL
***************************
Liane Cochran-Stafira, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Biology
Saint Xavier University
3700 West 103rd Street
Chicago, Illinois 60655
phone: 773-298-3514
fax: 773-298-3536
email: cochran@sxu.edu
http://www.sxu.edu/~cochran/
[ Part 6: "Included Message" ]
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 16:58:19 -0400
From: Mark Kubiske <mkubiske@FS.FED.US>
Subject: Permanent Scientist Position - US Forest Service
The US Forest Service, North Central Research Station in Rhinelander,
Wisconsin is searching for a full time, permanent, research plant
physiologist at the GS-13/14/15 level depending upon qualifications and
experience. Salary ranges from $67,143 to $121,330 and includes a full
health, retirement and vacation benefits package. The Forestry Sciences
Laboratory at Rhinelander hosts the aspen FACE facility as well as state-of-
the-art laboratory and indoor controlled environment facilities, technical
and clerical support, and full library services through the University of
Minnesota Library at St. Paul. For more information and a copy of the
early alert for this position, contact Mark Kubiske at mkubiske@fs.fed.us
prior to November 3. U.S. citizenship is required for this position. The
U.S. Forest Service is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
[ Part 7: "Included Message" ]
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 13:35:52 -0400
From: Dr. Roland Roth <rroth@UDEL.EDU>
Subject: Wildlife Ecologist Position
WILDLIFE ECOLOGIST. The University of Delaware seeks an Assistant
Professor for a 12-month tenure-track research/ teaching position. Ph.D.
in a field relevant to position responsibilities with demonstrated
ability to attract extramural funding required. Expertise in wildlife
plant identification highly desirable. Must have a sincere interest in
quality teaching and advisement of undergraduate and graduate students.
Post-doctoral experience preferred. Position is 60% research and 40%
teaching. Duties: develop a productive, extramurally supported research
program in the ecology and management of wildlife-habitat interactions
at multiple spatial scales using birds, mammals, amphibians or reptiles;
develop and teach undergraduate course in wildlife habitat ecology and
management; assist teaching either Wildlife Conservation and Ecology or
Wildlife Management; offer a graduate course in specialty area; help
advise undergraduate Wildlife Conservation majors; and supervise
undergraduate and graduate research. Submit a letter of application,
statements of research and teaching interests and philosophy, official
transcripts, and curriculum vitae and arrange to have three letters of
reference sent directly by December 1, 2003 to: Dr. Roland R. Roth,
Search Committee Chair, Department of Entomology and Wildlife
Ecology,University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303. Deadline
December 1, 2003. See website http://ag.udel.edu/departments/ento/ for
complete announcement and a description of the Department and
University.
R. Roth
rroth@udel.edu
[ Part 8: "Included Message" ]
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 16:09:41 -0600
From: Mark W. Paschke <Mark.Paschke@COLOSTATE.EDU>
Subject: Postdoc position available at Colorado State University
One postdoctoral position is available to study the biochemical ecology of
interactions between Centaurea (Knapweed) species and their North American
and European plant neighbors. Our laboratories have recently unraveled the
unique underground communication mechanism that governs the interactions
between the Centaurea species and their North American neighbors (Science
301:1377-1380, Plant Physiology 128: 1173-1179). Innovative, independent,
and highly motivated candidates are sought; the ideal candidate will have
significant experience in chemical ecology, plant community ecology, plant
biology/biochemistry, rhizosphere interactions and soil science. Interested
candidates should submit a detailed curriculum vitae, reprints, statements
of interest, and three letters of reference to: Dr. Jorge M. Vivanco
(jvivanco@lamar.colostate.edu) and/or Dr. Mark W. Paschke
(Mark.Paschke@colostate.edu).
Colorado State University is an equal opportunity employer.
Mark W. Paschke
Research Scholar
Colorado State University
Department of Forest, Rangeland and Watershed Stewardship
1472 Campus Delivery
Fort Collins, CO 80523-1472
ph:970-491-0760 fax:970-491-2339
Mark.Paschke@colostate.edu
From LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU Sat Oct 11 10:45:37 2003
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2003 00:00:16 -0400
From: Automatic digest processor <LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Reply-To: "Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news"
<ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
To: Recipients of ECOLOG-L digests <ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Subject: ECOLOG-L Digest - 8 Oct 2003 to 9 Oct 2003 (#2003-250)
[ Part 1: "Included Message" ]
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2003 00:00:16 -0400
From: Automatic digest processor <LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Reply-To: "Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, news"
<ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
To: Recipients of ECOLOG-L digests <ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU>
Subject: ECOLOG-L Digest - 8 Oct 2003 to 9 Oct 2003 (#2003-250)
There are 9 messages totalling 527 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. Research Support Position - Tropical Stream Ecology
2. Postdoc position with US Forest Service - Global Change
3. Full time, permanent research technician position
4. Question on forest tree mapping techniques
5. Diversity and dominance in fish populations
6. Position Announcement - Please post
7. Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecologist
8. posting
9. Earth Policy news - Record Heat Wave in Europe Takes 35,000 Lives
[ Part 2: "Included Message" ]
Date: Wed, 8 Oct 2003 22:01:03 -0400
From: Alex Flecker <asf3@CORNELL.EDU>
Subject: Research Support Position - Tropical Stream Ecology
RESEARCH SUPPORT ASSISTANT - TROPICAL STREAM ECOLOGY
Full-time position for a research support assistant at Cornell University as
part of a National Science Foundation sponsored study on the importance of
migratory fishes on nitrogen and carbon cycling. The position has funding
available for three years. We are examining the influence of migratory
fishes as nutrient subsidies and as modulators of biogeochemical cycles in
diverse tropical Andean stream ecosystems. The research involves
large-scale experiments combined with 15N additions and measurements of
ecosystem metabolism, nitrogen transformations and retention, and nutrient
budgets. The position is split between four months each winter at remote
field sites in Venezuela and eight months each year at Cornell University.
Specific duties include field and laboratory analysis of nutrient uptake,
ecosystem metabolism, nitrogen fixation and denitrification rates; oversight
role in the maintenance of field experiments; data processing; supervision
of laboratory analyses; and training student assistants. The successful
candidate should have experience in aquatic biogeochemistry and familiarity
with analytical instruments. Knowledge of Spanish is highly desirable.
This research is a collaborative project between Cornell University and the
University of Wyoming. Review of applications will begin on 30 October
2003 and will continue until the position is filled.
To apply, please email a cover letter, curriculum vitae, and names of three
references to: Alex Flecker (asf3@cornell.edu), Department of Ecology &
Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 (phone:
607-254-4263).
Cornell University is an Equal Opportunity / Affirmative Action Employer
[ Part 3: "Included Message" ]
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 09:36:30 -0400
From: Mark Kubiske <mkubiske@FS.FED.US>
Subject: Postdoc position with US Forest Service - Global Change
The North Central Research Station in Rhinelander, Wisconsin is seeking a
Postdoctoral Scientist to study effects of atmospheric CO2 and O3 on
northern forests. Primary responsibilities will be measuring and scaling
above-ground plant respiration the Aspen FACE (Free-Air CO2 and O3
Enrichment) facility near Rhinelander. There will be many opportunities
for the successful applicant to pursue other, relevant avenues of
research. The appointment will be for one year with possibility of
extending to a maximum of four years. Salary begins at $51,508 annually
with full health, retirement and vacation benefits. For more information
and a copy of the announcement and application procedures, contact Mark
Kubiske at mkubiske@fs.fed.us prior to November 1. U.S. Citizenship is
required for this position. The U.S. Forest Service is an equal
opportunity provider and employer.
[ Part 4: "Included Message" ]
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 14:59:46 -0600
From: Brandon Bestelmeyer <bbestelm@NMSU.EDU>
Subject: Full time, permanent research technician position
Biological Science Technician (Plants; Announcement number ARS-X4S-0003)
Vegetation Dynamics in Semiarid Rangelands
The USDA/Agricultural Research Service/Jornada Experimental Range, Las
Cruces, NM, USA http://usda-ars.nmsu.edu/ is seeking a permanent
full-time biological technician at the GS 7/8/9 level. The incumbent
will assist in research on the patterns and causes of vegetation
dynamics in semiarid rangelands of the southwestern United States and
Mexico. We work directly with land managers, land management agencies,
and conservation organizations to apply ecological science in rangeland
management and conservation. Ideal candidates have experience with
ecological study designs, vegetation measurement techniques, geographic
information systems, remote-sensed imagery, and soil
characterization/lab analyses.
This position will be based in Las Cruces, NM on the campus of New
Mexico State University. The Agricultural Research Service is an equal
opportunity provider and employer. Women and members of
under-represented groups are especially encouraged to apply. Candidates
must be U.S. citizens. Salary is commensurate with experience
($31,830-$38,936 per annum plus benefits). For more information,
contact Dr. Brandon Bestelmeyer (bbestelm@nmsu.edu; 505-646-5139) and to
apply see
http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/divisions/hrd/vacancy/X4S-0003.htm. The
position closes on 20 October 2003.
*******************************
Brandon Bestelmeyer
Research Scientist
USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range
New Mexico State University
MSC 3JER Box 30003
Las Cruces, NM 88003
Ph: 505-646-5139
FAX: 505-646-5889
bbestelm@nmsu.edu
http://usda-ars.nmsu.edu/
*******************************
[ Part 5: "Included Message" ]
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 15:15:46 +0200
From: Tim Nuttle <Tim.Nuttle@UNI-JENA.DE>
Subject: Re: Question on forest tree mapping techniques
[ The following text is in the "iso-8859-1" character set. ]
[ Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set. ]
[ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ]
I have used 3 methods to map trees:
1: right-angle prism with perpendicular transects
2. program INTERPNT (Boose et al. 1998. Ecology)
3. GPS every tree individually
The first method I used was with right-angle prisms. This worked well in
open stands without much understory, but if there is a thick understory,
forget it! First you have to clear out transects for two perpendicular
transects, and then you have to be able to find the tree of interest along
two lines of sight, perpendicular to both these transects. So, it takes a
minimum of 2 people, preferably 3 so you can have one person on each
transect and one person at the tree taking data and helping the others
idenitfy which tree you are sighting. Setup takes a long time, but in the
end, you know what you get: a list of coordinates of all trees.
Given the large amount of setup time for the above method, I decided to try
using program INTERPNT in a lab excercise I was teaching on spatial patterns
of vegetation. INTERPNT involves setting up three reference locations and
then "simply" measuring the distance to all trees relative to these or to
three other trees that have already been reference thus. The computer then
uses simple geometry to calculate the coordinates of every tree, and lets
you know what data likely contain measurment errors so you can fix them and
get a better map.
At least that is the idea. I thought it would go faster, plus I am always
one to go after a nifty trick just because it is clever. However, we could
never get it to work properly. Even when a solution for all trees was
attainable from the program, when we looked at the map, some trees were
obviously way out of position. It would have been MUCH faster just to set up
the transects and use the right-angle prisms.
One problem could have been that the tree distances were too close together
(lots of young trees), thus errors in measuremnt were large relative to the
distances themselves. Or perhaps the students were not strict enough with
measuring, eg. the tape was too slack, they read the numbers wrong, etc.
Anyway, the program was such a universal failure, that I doubt I will try it
again without doing a lot more testing on what works and what doesn't.
I have only used the GPS method in relatively open stands where it was
impossible to do the first method becasue of dense (and painful, ie, thorny)
undergrowth. Here it worked pretty well, and you only need one person, which
of course is sometimes a huge advantage. This method would probably also
work well in the winter in deciduous forests, so the canopy of leaves does
not block the satellites.
I am interested in other methods, or hints regarding getting INTERPNT to
work (I'm not quite ready to give up on it!)
Tim Nuttle
U. Jena, Germany
> I am embarking on a project to map the trees in eight 1-ha forest plots
in
> central New England. Six of these are hemlock-dominated, and two are
> hardwood-dominated. I'd be interested in hearing about your favorite
> techniques for mapping large forest plots. Ideas on equipment, methods,
or
> efficiency tips would be very welcome.
>
> Thank you,
> Audrey Barker Plotkin
>
> _________________________
> Audrey Barker Plotkin
> Site and Research Coordinator
> Harvard Forest, P.O. Box 68
> Petersham, MA 01366
> 978-724-3302 x268
> 978-724-3595 (FAX)
> http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
> ________________________
>
[ Part 6: "Included Message" ]
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 10:06:11 -0700
From: "Glendening, Susan" <sglendening@SFWATER.ORG>
Subject: Diversity and dominance in fish populations
[ The following text is in the "iso-8859-1" character set. ]
[ Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set. ]
[ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ]
Hello,
I need to get up to speed very quickly on the application of the
Shannon-Weiner diversity (or comparable) and evenness (or dominance) indices
to describe fish populations. I am investigating six native fishes in
various habitat types in a stream tributary to San Francisco Bay. I would
be very grateful to receive suggestions on any particularly elegant papers
on similar studies. You may email me directly if you wish.
Thank you,
Susan Glendening
Susan Glendening, Regulatory Specialist
Water Pollution Prevention Program
SFPUC - BERM
3801 3rd Street, Ste. 600
San Francisco, CA 94124
Tel: (415) 695-7317
Fax: (415) 695-7388
email: sglenden@puc.sf.ca.us
[ Part 7: "Included Message" ]
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 16:32:17 -0400
From: Carmen in Human Resources <humanres@MBL.EDU>
Subject: Position Announcement - Please post
[ The following text is in the "ISO-8859-1" character set. ]
[ Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set. ]
[ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ]
DATE: October 9, 2003
POSITION: POSTDOCTORAL SCIENTIST [PDS RBA]
The Ecosystems Center
Full-time, Exempt
The Ecosystems Center at the Marine Biological Laboratory seeks a
postdoctoral scientist to work on quantifying water and nitrogen movement
from land to small streams in forested and deforested areas of the
Amazon. This position is for 2 years with a possibility of extension for
a 3rd. year.
DUTIES: The project will involved field measurements of water flows in
hillslope flowpaths, determination of biogeochemical transformations of N
using 15N additions and modeling of water and nutrient flows in small
paired forested and deforested basins in Rondônia, in the Brazilian Amazon
Basin.
EXPERIENCE/SKILLS REQUIRED: Applicants should have a Ph.D. in
biogeochemistry, ecology, limnology or related discipline and some field
experience working with soils or surface waters. Experience with the use
of 15N to examine N cycling in soils or waters is helpful. Willingness
to spend a minimum of 4 to 5 months per year in the field in Brazil
beginning in January 2004 is essential. The applicant will be expected to
work collaboratively with a team of U.S., Brazilian, German scientists and
students. Some working knowledge of Portuguese is helpful.
APPLICATION DEADLINE: Until suitable candidate ise identified.
Applicants should submit a curriculum vitae, transcripts and the names
addresses, telephone number and email addresses of at least three (3)
references to: Marine Biological Laboratory, ATTN: Human Resources,
reference code PDS RBA, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543; telephone 508
289-7422; email resume@mbl.edu.
The MBL is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer, non-smoking
workplace.
[ Part 8: "Included Message" ]
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 16:59:39 -0400
From: "Dr, David M. Wood" <dmwood@CSUCHICO.EDU>
Subject: Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecologist
Tenure-track position available in Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecology. The
Department of Biological Sciences at California State University, Chico
invites applications for an Assistant Professor position beginning Fall
2004. Candidates must have: a Ph.D., a specialization in terrestrial
vertebrate ecology, a demonstrated ability or potential to establish
externally funded research, teaching experience at the undergraduate level,
and a strong interest in teaching excellence. Preference will be given to
candidates with postdoctoral experience, and additional expertise in such
areas as field/population ecology, population genetics, or conservation
ecology. Responsibilities will include teaching comparative anatomy, as
well as participation in lower-division majors/non-majors biology courses,
upper-division majors courses in area of specialty and a graduate course in
population ecology. Applicants should submit a letter of application,
curriculum vita, a statement of teaching philosophy, representative
reprints, complete academic transcripts (student copy acceptable), and
three letters of reference to: Dr. Patricia Edelmann, Chair; Dept. of
Biological Sciences; CSU, Chico; Chico, CA 95929-0515; Attn: Terrestrial
Vertebrate Ecology; Phone: (530) 898-5356. Website:
http://www.csuchico.edu/biol/. Review will begin 12/01/03. Complete
applications received after this date may be considered. As a University
that educates students of various ethnic and cultural backgrounds, we seek
to create as diverse a pool of candidates as possible. CSU, Chico is an
EOE/AA/ADA employer. California State University, Chico employs only
individuals lawfully authorized to work in the United States.
[ Part 9: "Included Message" ]
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 17:30:43 -0500
From: Diana Hews <Lshews@ISUGW.INDSTATE.EDU>
Subject: posting
Five-Year Doctoral PA Position in Behavioral Ecology of Lizards
One fully funded doctoral RA position to study behavioral ecology of
lizards starting Fall 2004. Of particular interest are applicants
interested in the behavioral aspects of predator avoidance in lizards.
The successful candidate would work in collaboration with Diana Hews and
Steve Lima. Prospective students working more generally in the areas of
lizard territoriality, color or pheromonal signals, and hormonal
mechanisms are also encouraged to apply. Interested applicants should
submit a CV and a preliminary statement of research interests to Hews.
Applications for graduate admission should be submitted by Feb. 1 for
full consideration.
For more information please see:
http://mama.indstate.edu/users/hews/ for information about the Hews
Lab.
http://mama.indstate.edu/users/lima/ for information about the Lima
Lab.
http://oeb.indstate.edu/ for information about the Organismal &
Environmental Biology Group.
http://biology.indstate.edu/dls/ for information about the Department
and graduate applications.
Dr. Diana K. Hews
Department of Life Sciences
Indiana State University
Terre Haute IN 47809
Voice (812) 237-8352
dhews@indstate.edu
[ Part 10: "Included Message" ]
Date: Thu, 9 Oct 2003 09:32:01 -0400
From: Reah Janise Kauffman <rjkauffman@EARTH-POLICY.ORG>
Subject: Earth Policy news - Record Heat Wave in Europe Takes 35,000 Lives
[ The following text is in the "iso-8859-1" character set. ]
[ Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set. ]
[ Some characters may be displayed incorrectly. ]
Eco-Economy Update 2003-9
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
October 9, 2003
Copyright Earth Policy Institute 2003
RECORD HEAT WAVE IN EUROPE TAKES 35,000 LIVES
Far Greater Losses May Lie Ahead
http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/Update29.htm
Janet Larsen
A record heat wave scorched Europe in August 2003, claiming an estimated
35,000 lives. In France alone, 14,802 people died from the searing
temperatures--more than 19 times the death toll from the SARS epidemic
worldwide. In the worst heat spell in decades, temperatures in France soared
to 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius) and remained unusually high
for two weeks.
This summer's high temperatures also hit other European countries. Germany
saw some 7,000 people die from the heat. Spain and Italy each suffered
heat-related losses of nearly 4,200 lives. The heat wave claimed at least
1,300 lives in Portugal and up to 1,400 lives in the Netherlands.
In London--which on August 10th recorded its first triple-digit Fahrenheit
temperature-an estimated 900 people died from the heat. Heat-related
fatalities across the United Kingdom reached 2,045. In Belgium, temperatures
higher than any in the Royal Meteorological Society's register dating back
to 1833 brought 150 deaths. Since reports are not yet available for all
European countries, the total heat death toll for the continent is likely to
be substantially larger. (See
http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/Update29_data.htm for more information.)
August 2003 was the warmest August on record in the northern hemisphere, but
according to the projections of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC), even more extreme weather events lie ahead. By the end of the
century, the world's average temperature is projected to increase by
2.5-10.4 degrees Fahrenheit (1.4-5.8 degrees Celsius). As the mercury
climbs, more frequent and more severe heat waves are in store.
Though heat waves rarely are given adequate attention, they claim more lives
each year than floods, tornadoes, and hurricanes combined. Heat waves are a
silent killer, mostly affecting the elderly, the very young, or the
chronically ill.
Under normal circumstances, humans maintain a body temperature around 98.6
degrees Fahrenheit. When subject to extreme heat, the body attempts to
maintain this ideal temperature by varying blood circulation and perspiring.
When the internal body temperature rises above 104 degrees Fahrenheit, vital
organs are at risk. If the body temperature is not brought down, death
follows.
The threshold ambient temperature at which more people are at risk for
heat-related health problems varies greatly by location. In general, when
summer temperatures range 10 degrees Fahrenheit or more above the norm,
incidences of heat-related illness increase dramatically. High humidity
compounds the effects of high heat by reducing evaporation, rendering
perspiration a less-effective cooling mechanism. When excessive heat
prevails for more than two consecutive days, the risk of heat sickness and
death escalates. Health and social services may be overwhelmed.
Heat waves take the greatest human toll in cities. Urban centers, where the
area of heat-absorbing dark roofs and pavement exceeds the area covered by
cooling vegetation, are like "heat islands" and can be as much as 10 degrees
Fahrenheit warmer than the surrounding countryside. While people in rural
areas generally get some relief from the heat when temperatures fall at
night, urban areas stay warmer around the clock. Air pollution, which
usually is worse in cities than in the countryside, can also exacerbate the
health-damaging effects of high temperatures by further stressing the body's
respiratory and circulatory systems.
Several of the worst heat waves of the twentieth century occurred in U.S.
cities. In 1955, an eight-day run of temperatures over 100 degrees
Fahrenheit in Los Angeles left 946 people dead. In 1972, New York City
suffered a two-week heat wave that claimed 891 lives. More recently, an
extreme heat wave in Chicago in 1995 killed 739 people in a matter of days.
Slow political recognition of the threat and an overloaded response system
worsened the effects of the weather anomaly.
A lack of public recognition of the danger that high temperatures pose adds
to the lethality of heat waves. Heat wave warnings often do not carry the
weight of other natural disaster alerts. Except during major outbreaks,
heat-related deaths often go unreported, and few governments systematically
keep records of them.
Even once a heat wave has passed, politicians are reluctant to acknowledge
its toll. Chicago's mayor denied the severity of the city's 1995 heat wave.
In Europe, it took over a month for France's government to release heat wave
fatality estimates that corroborated estimates from overwhelmed undertakers.
Several neighboring governments are still challenging reports from medical
examiners.
Even in India, where heat-related fatalities in the thousands during
pre-monsoonal high temperatures are no longer uncommon, the National
Disaster Management Cell does not classify heat waves as a natural disaster.
While accurate data are hard to come by, it appears that India has seen the
number of deaths due to heat climb over the years as populations have grown
and temperatures have risen. In May 2003, peak temperatures of 113-117
degrees Fahrenheit (45-49 degrees Celsius) claimed over 1,600 lives
throughout the country. In the state of Andhra Pradesh alone, some 1,200
people died from the heat. A year earlier, a one-week heat wave with
temperatures topping 122 degrees Fahrenheit took over 1,000 lives.
Over the last 25 years the average global temperature rose by 1 degree
Fahrenheit, or 0.6 degrees Celsius. The IPCC's projected rise in temperature
for this century is a global average, but the temperature is expected to
rise more over land, where people live, than over sea. As temperatures
continue to climb, the toll of heat waves in individual countries could jump
from the thousands to the tens of thousands. The World Meteorological
Organization estimates that the number of heat-related fatalities could
double in less than 20 years.
Already we are seeing evidence of more frequent heat waves. In India, death
tolls from heat that were recorded over an entire summer some 10 years ago
are now occurring in just one week. In the United States, a 1998 study of
summertime temperatures using data from 1949 to 1995 found that the
frequency of extremely hot and humid days and the occurrence of multiple-day
heat waves increased significantly during that period. Some of the increase
is due to urbanization, a trend that is expected to continue for the
foreseeable future.
Although the historical data for heat waves leave much to be desired, we can
say with confidence that the August heat wave in Europe has broken all
records for heat-induced human fatalities. As awareness of the scale of this
tragedy spreads, it is likely to generate pressure to reduce carbon
emissions. For many of the millions who suffered through these record heat
waves and the relatives of the tens of thousands who died, cutting carbon
emissions is becoming a pressing personal issue.
# # #
The Human Toll of Heat Waves: Selected Examples from Europe in August 2003
Country Number
of Fatalities Other Details
France 14,802 Temperatures soared to 104 degrees
Fahrenheit in parts of the country; temperatures in Paris were the highest
since record-keeping began in 1873.
Germany 7,000 High temperatures of up to 105.4 degrees
Fahrenheit, the hottest since records began in 1901, raised mortality some
10 percent above average.
Spain 4,230 High temperatures coupled with elevated
ground-level ozone concentrations exceeding the European Union's health-risk
threshold.
Italy 4,175 Temperatures in parts of the country
averaged 16 degrees Fahrenheit higher than previous year.
United Kingdom 2,045 The first triple digit (Fahrenheit)
temperatures were recorded in London.
Netherlands 1,400 Temperatures ranged some 14 degrees warmer
than normal.
Portugal 1,316 Temperatures were above 104 degrees
Fahrenheit throughout much of the country.
Belgium 150 Temperatures exceeded any in the Royal
Meteorological Society's records dating back to 1833.
TOTAL OF ABOVE
COUNTRIES 35,118
Key: To convert temperatures from Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 and
divide by 1.8.
Compiled by Janet Larsen, Earth Policy Institute, October 2003.
For more information see <http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/Update29.ht
>.
Additional data and information sources at www.earth-policy.org or contact
jlarsen@earth-policy.org
For reprint permission contact rjkauffman@earth-policy.org
To receive Eco-Economy Updates by email, go to
<http://www.earth-policy.org/Subscribe/index.htm> or send email to
<majordomo@earth-policy.org> with subscribe public <your email>
s the
message.
To remove your name, send email to <public-request@earth-policy.org> w
th
unsubscribe as the message.
If you enjoy receiving our e-news, please recommend it to a friend or
colleague.
˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙˙
Thanks to discussion with TVR, I have decided to put a link to back files of the discussion group. This months back files.
The link to complete archives is available elsewhere.
This text was originally an e-mail. It was converted using a program
RUPANTAR- a simple e-mail-to-html converter.
(c)Kolatkar Milind. kmilind@ces.iisc.ernet.in