Subject: ECOLOG-L Digest - 2 Jan 2003 to 3 Jan 2003 (#2003-3)
There are 9 messages totalling 695 lines in this issue.
Topics of the day:
1. News: Minor Shifts In Temperature Have Major Habitat Effects
2. Information on Ruppia
3. Job announcement - Chihuahuan Desert Nature Park
4. research assistantship on mycorrhizal symbioses available
5. Looking for References
6. SUMMER 2003 UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PROGRAM IN ECOLOGY AT HARVARD
UNIVERSITY-HARVARD FOREST
7. latest EnvironmentalCAREER.com environmental job listings
8. Job Announcement
9. Duke Marine Lab Summer Integrated
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: Thu, 2 Jan 2003 20:50:43 -0800
From: Ashwani Vasishth <vasishth@USC.EDU>
Subject: News: Minor Shifts In Temperature Have Major Habitat Effects
http://www.latimes.com/news/science/la-sci-species2jan02,0,6033999.story?col
=la%2Dnews%2Dscience
Los Angeles Times:
January 2, 2003
THE NATION
Minute Shift in Temperature Has Had a Major Effect on Earth, Studies Show
Species are migrating northward because of 1-degree increase in last
100 years, data reveal. It also has sped up spring flowering, egg
hatching.
By Usha Lee McFarling, Times Staff Writer
Gradual warming over the last 100 years has forced a global movement of
animals and plants northward, and it has sped up such perennial spring
activities as flowering and egg hatching across the globe -- two signals
that the Earth and its denizens are dramatically responding to a minute
shift in temperature, according to two studies published today.
One study showed that animals have shifted north an average of nearly four
miles per decade. Another study showed that animals are migrating,
hatching eggs and bearing young an average of five days earlier than they
did at the start of the 20th century, when the average global temperature
was 1 degree cooler.
That 1 degree, according to the studies, has left "climatic fingerprints"
-- pushing dozens of butterfly and songbird species into new territories,
prompting birds and frogs to lay eggs earlier and causing tree lines to
march up mountain slopes.
In some cases, the shifts have been dramatic. The common murre, an Arctic
seabird, breeds 24 days earlier than it did decades ago. And some
checker-spot butterflies shifted their range northward by nearly 60 miles
in the last century.
Although many individual shifts in timing and range have been reported by
field biologists, the studies published in today's issue of Nature are the
first to establish that a variety of organisms in myriad habitats are
responding in similar ways to climatic change.
"There is a consistent signal," said Terry L. Root, a biologist at
Stanford University and lead author of one report. "Animals and plants are
being strongly affected by the warming of the globe."
Root said she was surprised that the two Nature studies were able to
detect the effect. She said she thought the increased temperature was too
small to cause widespread change. Root also said she expected that any
damaging effects of climatic change would be unnoticeable amid the
enormous habitat destruction in modern times caused by development,
pollution and other human activities.
"It was really quite a shock, given such a small temperature change," she
said.
Many scientists have debated whether plants and wildlife have been widely
affected by climatic change. Some have argued that no widespread response
has occurred and that a few examples of animals changing the timing of
their migration or reproduction have been used by environmental groups to
overstate the dangers of global warming.
The new studies attempt to override such criticism by analyzing thousands
of reports of biological change and correlating them with climatic change.
"People said there wasn't a quantitative analysis and it was just
storytelling," said University of Texas biologist Camille Parmesan, who
led the other Nature study. "This is the first hard-core, quantitative
analysis."
The changes are not necessarily bad for all species. The earlier hatching
of eggs gives some bird species a chance to lay two clutches of eggs per
summer instead of one, Root said. With less frost in late spring and early
fall, the growing season of many plants has been extended; crop yields are
also up.
But the scientists are concerned that warming will harm some species,
particularly those already at risk. The extinction of the golden toad from
the cloud forests of Costa Rica has been linked by some scientists to heat
stress, Root said. And chicks of the jewel-colored quetzal bird in the
same forest are now being preyed upon by toucans that moved to higher
elevations in the forest as temperatures warmed, she said.
Ecosystems could also be at risk, she added, if insects mature too late to
pollinate plants that now flower earlier. The earlier migration of wood
warblers is leaving behind spruce trees full of spruce budworm
caterpillars, which devastate the trees and leave the timber damaged.
"If we've had so much change with just one degree, think of how much we
will have with 10 degrees," Root said, referring to projections by the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on how high temperatures could
rise in the next 100 years. "In my opinion, we're sitting at the edge of a
mass extinction."
But such worst-case scenarios underestimate the ability of biological
entities to adapt, some experts say. In a report written for the George C.
Marshall Institute, Lenny Bernstein, an expert on the social and economic
effect of climatic change, said some "marginal species" will become
extinct. He added, however, that plants and animals have always faced
climatic changes and that they often have survived. Future human
intervention could help increase survival rates, he said.
Although the new studies do not address the cause of the recent warming,
most scientists agree it is due to a mix of human and natural factors. An
increasing number of scientists say that the warming is occurring at a
rate unprecedented in the recent geological past and that it will be
peppered by more extreme events, including heat waves, droughts, storms
and floods.
"It's not just the gradual warming that impacts individuals, it's these
extreme events," Parmesan said.
Convinced that wild animals and plants will need more room if warming
continues, Root and Parmesan advocate including climatic change
projections into long-range planning for wildlife management. Preserves
may offer more options for survival if they run in a north-south
direction, contain elevation gains or are connected to neighboring
reserves, the scientists said.
"Since we can't count on climate being stable," Parmesan said, "you need
to give the organisms a chance to go through some unstable periods."
Copyright 2003 Los Angeles Times
*** NOTICE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material
is distributed, without profit, for research and educational purposes
only. ***
* * *
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2617139.stm
Wednesday, 1 January, 2003, 22:36 GMT
Wildlife Seeks Cooler Climes
Species are on the move, say scientists
By Alex Kirby
BBC News Online environment correspondent
Two groups of US biologists say they have detected a consistent pattern of
response by wild species to warmer temperatures.
They say this is evidence that climate change is affecting living systems,
as climatologists have predicted.
Many species are forsaking their ranges to find cooler or higher habitats.
And several regular springtime events are now happening earlier than they
did a few decades ago.
The biologists' work is reported in the journal Nature.
Camille Parmesan, of the University of Texas at Austin, and colleagues
conducted a "meta-analysis" of studies of more than 1,700 species.
The balance of evidence from these studies strongly suggests that a
significant impact of global warming is already discernible in animal and
plant populations
They say there have been "significant" moves in range averaging 6.1 km
(3.8 miles) per decade towards the poles, or metres per decade upwards.
Spring events, such as the arrival of migrant species and the laying of
eggs, have advanced by 2.3 days per decade.
Unconvinced
The authors note the difficulties experienced by the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in assessing how far recent observed
changes in natural biological systems have been attributable to climate
change.
They write: "Differences of opinion among disciplines can stem naturally
from whether the principal motivation is to assess the magnitude of
immediate impacts or of long-term trajectories.
"Most field biologists are convinced that they are already seeing
important biological impacts of climate change. However, they have
encountered difficulty in convincing other academic disciplines,
policy-makers and the general public."
The picture that emerges from their study, they argue, is persuasive in
the round, even though individual species may not show a marked response
to warming temperatures.
They write: "The test for a globally coherent climate fingerprint does not
require that any single species show a climate change impact with 100%
certitude.
"Rather, it seeks some defined level of confidence in a climate change
signal on a global scale."
In the second study Terry Root of Stanford University, California, and
colleagues also report a temperature-related fingerprint in the behaviour
of a range of species.
They found the changes were most marked at high latitudes and high
altitudes, where the largest temperature changes are predicted.
Their meta-analysis included information on species and global warming
from 143 separate studies.
'Significant impact'
The authors say: "These analyses reveal a consistent temperature-related
shift, or 'fingerprint', in species ranging from molluscs to mammals and
from grasses to trees...the balance of evidence from these studies
strongly suggests that a significant impact of global warming is already
discernible in animal and plant populations.
"The synergism of rapid temperature rise and other stresses, in particular
habitat destruction, could easily disrupt the connectedness among species
and lead to a reformulation of species communities...and to numerous
extirpations and possibly extinctions."
Because they were looking for trends, the authors say, they excluded
studies examining climatic cycles such as the North Atlantic Oscillation
and the El Nino cycle in the Pacific west of Chile.
Some scientists continue to maintain that climate change, if it is
happening, is an entirely natural phenomenon which cannot be explained in
terms of human behaviour.
The two Nature studies may not be able to advance discussion of that
argument.
But they do suggest that wildlife is aware of and responding to a new
reality, whatever its causes.
*** NOTICE: In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107, this material
is distributed, without profit, for research and educational purposes
only. ***
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 11:19:03 -0500
From: Monica Schuegraf <monschue@YORKU.CA>
Subject: Information on Ruppia
Hi,
I am looking for information or a reference that will give me the
information on how to identify and tell apart Ruppia species? I have a
species that I think is Ruppia but I am not one hundred percent sure.
Thanks in advance,
Monica
Monica Schuegraf
Antigonish, N.S.
(902) 863-5526 (H)
(902) 867-2368 (W)
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 09:03:36 -0700
From: Stephanie Bestelmeyer <cdnp@ZIANET.COM>
Subject: Job announcement - Chihuahuan Desert Nature Park
PROGRAM COORDINATOR
Dedicated, energetic person needed for a new fulltime position at the=20
Chihuahuan Desert Nature Park in Las Cruces, New Mexico. The Nature Park is=
=20
a nonprofit organization that works to increase scientific literacy by=20
providing science education programs for more than 11,000 K-12 students,=20
600 teachers and 2,000 other adults each year in southern New Mexico and=20
west Texas. The 960-acre Nature Park site is under development and=20
currently features a science demonstration site and a 1.5-mile hiking=20
trail. The Program Coordinator will work with other staff and volunteers on=
=20
the Nature Park=92s education programs, site development, fundraising,=20
volunteer management, and membership services (see details below). Must be=
=20
flexible and willing to work long hours and weekends during some weeks when=
=20
large projects or events are underway. The Chihuahuan Desert Nature Park is=
=20
an equal opportunity employer (EOE), M/F.
Responsibilities:
1) Work with the Executive Director and volunteers to schedule, plan=20
and deliver the Nature Park=92s science education programs (field trips,=20
classroom visits, schoolyard ecology, teacher workshops, and annual events)=
=20
to K-12 students, teachers, and other adults;
2) Work with the Site Development Committee to coordinate, raise funds=
=20
for, and implement development plans at the Nature Park site (amphitheater,=
=20
visitors=92 center, other facilities).
3) Assist the Executive Director and Board with annual fundraising=20
plans, including helping to solicit donations, write and review grant=20
proposals, and manage fundraising events;
4) Direct membership services, including maintaining a membership=20
database, writing articles for the quarterly newsletter, and helping update=
=20
the web site;
5) Assist with the volunteer program, including recruiting new=20
volunteers, providing volunteer recognition, and managing volunteer work;
6) Promote the Nature Park with talks at local and regional meetings.
Qualifications:
=B7 Demonstrated excellent ability to communicate the scientific=
method=20
and natural science concepts in an age-appropriate manner to K-12 students,=
=20
teachers and other adults
=B7 B.A. or B.S. in ecology-related field (advanced degree preferred)
=B7 Extremely well organized and capable of juggling multiple projects
=20
and tasks
=B7 Excellent record of completing assigned tasks in a timely manner
=B7 Good writing and public speaking skills
=B7 Valid U.S. driver=92s license
=B7 Fundraising experience highly desirable
=B7 Experience with the NEPA compliance process desirable
=B7 Knowledge of desert ecology desirable
=B7 Spanish fluency desirable
Salary: $27,000/year; no benefits
Duration: 1 year with high probability of extension contingent on funding
Start Date: Flexible (March 3 preferred)
Application Deadline: January 21 or until position is filled
To Apply: Please send a cover letter, resume and contact information for=20
three references (name, position, phone, email and mailing address) to:
Dr. Stephanie Bestelmeyer
Executive Director
Chihuahuan Desert Nature Park
P.O. Box 891
Las Cruces, NM 88004
Phone: 505-524-3334
E-mail: cdnp@zianet.com (E-mail submissions welcome - attachments must be=20
in Microsoft Word)
Nature Park web site: www.cdnp.org
Stephanie V. Bestelmeyer, Ph.D.
Executive Director
Chihuahuan Desert Nature Park
P.O. Box 891
Las Cruces, NM 88004
505-524-3334 voice
505-523-2866 fax
www.cdnp.org
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 14:24:19 -0500
From: Erik Hobbie <hobbie@ABERMAIL.SR.UNH.EDU>
Subject: research assistantship on mycorrhizal symbioses available
A three-year PhD research assistantship position at the University
of New Hampshire's Program in Natural Resources and Earth Systems
Science is available to study nitrogen and carbon cycling in cultures of
mycorrhizal plants using isotopic techniques. Nitrogen (N) availability
often limits plant growth in forestry and agriculture, whereas excess N
in atmospheric deposition increasingly harms forests throughout the US
and Europe. Mycorrhizal fungi are key plant symbionts and directly
influence plant growth and N cycling through the uptake, retention, and
transfer of soil-derived N. At present, mycorrhizal symbioses are
poorly understood. Consequently, they are largely absent from
conceptual pictures of forest functioning and ecosystem models used to
predict forest growth and stress responses. Foliar 15N:14N ratios
appear useful markers of carbon and N allocation in the symbiosis, but
we have limited understanding of the fundamental mechanisms regulating
15N:14N distributions.
We will measure complete carbon and N isotope budgets in mycorrhizal
pine and birch seedlings supplied with different N forms, at different N
availabilities, and with different fungal symbionts. We will also
investigate the underlying biochemical mechanisms causing 15N:14N
patterns using data from mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic
resonance measurements.
From these experiments in culture, we will be poised to (1) measure
carbon allocation to mycorrhizal fungi in ecosystems under different
environmental conditions, (2) use foliar 15N:14N measurements to
indicate allocation to mycorrhizal fungi, and (3) explicitly incorporate
mycorrhizal fungi into ecosystem-level models. This work should improve
understanding of the regulation of forest productivity by mycorrhizal
fungi and the functioning of mycorrhizal symbioses under anthropogenic N
deposition. Send letter (Morse Hall, CSRC-EOS, University of New
Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824) or e-mail (erik.hobbie@unh.edu) describing
academic background, research experience, and research interests to Dr.
Erik Hobbie (web site: http://www.eos.sr.unh.edu/Fac/People?FAC_ID=78).
Applications for admission are due February 15 to the University of New
Hampshire. Application forms are available at
http://www.gradschool.unh.edu/home/forms.htm, information about the
graduate program can be found at http://www.nressphd.sr.unh.edu/.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 18:25:45 +0100
From: Nguyen Quoc Dinh <Nguyen.QuocDinh@UNI-BAYREUTH.DE>
Subject: Looking for References
Dear alls,
I am looking for references related to studying vegetation structure in
desert area by using remote sensing (Landsat TM).
Any help would be appreciated,
Nguyen Quoc Dinh
Faculty of Geosciences, Chemistry and Biology
Department of Plant Ecology
University of Bayreuth
D-95440 Bayreuth, FRG
Germany
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 11:38:32 -0500
From: Edythe Ellin <ellin@FAS.HARVARD.EDU>
Subject: SUMMER 2003 UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH PROGRAM IN ECOLOGY AT HARVARD
UNIVERSITY-HARVARD FOREST
>Please forward this announcement to other appropriate people or
>organizations. Thank you.
>
>HARVARD FOREST
>HARVARD UNIVERSITY
>SUMMER RESEARCH PROGRAM IN ECOLOGY FOR 2003
>
>Harvard Forest is soliciting applications for our Summer Research Progra
>in Ecology. Research at the Forest focuses on the effects of natural an
>human disturbances on forest ecosystems, including atmospheric pollution
>global warming, hurricanes, tree falls, and insect outbreaks. Researcher
>come from many disciplines, and specific projects center on population a
d
>community ecology, paleoecology, land-use history, wildlife biology,
>biochemistry, soil science, ecophysiology, and atmosphere-biosphere
>exchanges.
>
>Each student will participate in an ongoing research project with a
>researcher from Harvard, UNH, Marine Biological Laboratory Ecosystem
>Center or other institutions. Responsibilities may include field samplin
,
>laboratory studies, data analysis and scientific writing. In addition,
>students attend weekly seminars and workshops given by nationally known
>scientists on topics regarding ecosystem research, career planning, and
>graduate school preparation. In July, students will attend a one-day
>symposium on careers in ecology at the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in
>Millbrook, New York. At the end of the summer, students will develop the
r
>research results, prepare an abstract, and present their findings at a
>student research symposium. Academic credit may be arranged with the
>student's home institution.
>
>Students earn a $3600 stipend for the 12 week session which runs between
>May 27 and August 15, 2003. Room and board at the Forest is included fre
>of charge as part of the program. Most positions are for undergraduates
>but there are a few positions for students who have recently graduated a
well.
>
>Information, including the application and the Summer 2003 projects, is
>available at http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu. The application
>deadline is March 3, 2003. For additional questions, please contact the
>program coordinator, Edythe Ellin (telephone: 978/724-3302, ext. 224;
>email ellin@fas.harvard.edu).
>
>The Forest is involved in efforts by Harvard University, National Scienc
>Foundation, United Negro College Fund and A. W. Mellon Foundation to
>increase the number of researchers from minority groups that are serious
y
>underrepresented in ecology. We welcome applications from people of al
>backgrounds, including applicants who Black (African-American), Hispanic
>Native American (American Indians and Alaskan Native), or Native Pacific
>Islander (Polynesian or Micronesian) .
Edythe Ellin
Director of Administration
Harvard Forest
P.O. Box 68
324 North Main Street
Petersham, MA 01366
978-724-3302 ext. 224
978-724-3595 (fax)
ellin@fas.harvard.edu
harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 15:27:46 -0500
From: ECC <eccinfo@ENVIRONMENTALCAREER.COM>
Subject: latest EnvironmentalCAREER.com environmental job listings
The following is a partial list of recent jobs at EnvironmentalCAREER.com -
http://environmentalcareer.com: Search through our extensive environmental
job database and post your resume for free. Let the top employers find you
while you search for them.
Biological Science Technician
US Fish and Wildlife Service San Antonio, TX
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Director of Development
Teatown Lake Reservation Ossining, New York
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Director of Education
Teton Science School Kelly, WY
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Environmental Educator
Imago Earth Center Cincinnati, Ohio
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Environmental Engineer
GAIATECH INCORPORATED Chicago, IL
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Executive Director
Animal Protection Institute Sacramento, California
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Forest Stewardship Research Scientist
Tall Timbers Research Station Tallahassee, FL
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
GIS Specialist - Heritage
Western Pennsylvania Conservancy Pittsburgh, PA Mid Level Top of Form 1
Bottom of Form 1
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
GIS Technician- Natural Resource Conservation
Western Pennsylvania Conservancy
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Staff Assistant
National Wildlife Federation Alaska Project Office - Anchorage, AK
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Water Watch Organizer-AmeriCorps
PIRG (Public Interest Research Group) Massachusetts Entry Level
Top of Form 1
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Bottom of Form 1
Wildlife Biological Technicians
Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge,
Berthold, ND Entry Level
Top of Form 2
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Bottom of Form 2
Wildlife Technician
Upper Souris National Wildlife Refuge Upper Souris NWR, Berthold, ND
http://environmentalcareer.info/candidates/joblist.asp
Best regards,
Environmental Career Center staff
EnvironmentalCAREER.com posts about 10% to 20% of the Environmental Career
Center's jobs listings. ECC's entire jobs list (usually well over 400
jobs) is published monthly in the comprehensive National Environmental
Employment Report.
See a sample of the September 2002 issue at
http://environmentalcareer.com/sample.htm.
To Subscribe: Subscriptions start at $15 for 3 months through January 10,
2003. You may receive the newspaper via email (PDF) or via first class mail
to you each month. See http://environmentalcareer.com/subscribe.htm.
Go to http://environmentalcareer.com to post jobs, find jobs, and learn
about careers, environmental career books, and environmental career
teleconferences that are broadcast to universities nationwide and
internationally.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 14:59:08 -0500
From: "Wimmers, Larry" <lwimmers@TOWSON.EDU>
Subject: Job Announcement
Please post the following position announcement on the ESA listserve. =
Thanks.
Dr. Larry Wimmers
Chair, Plant Systematics Search Committee
Towson University
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Plant Systematics
Towson University
The Department of Biological Sciences seeks applicants for a =
tenure-track position at the ASSISTANT PROFESSOR level beginning August =
2003. Candidates must have a strong commitment to excellence in teaching =
and research. Teaching responsibilities will include a core course in =
biodiversity, plant taxonomy, and an upper-level undergraduate/graduate =
courses in his/her area of specialization. Development of an active =
research program in the area of plant systematics, involving Master's =
and undergraduate students and pursuit of extramural funding are =
expected. Ph.D. in an appropriate field required, teaching and =
post-doctoral experience desirable. Qualified candidates should send a =
letter of interest, descriptions of teaching philosophy and research =
plans, a detailed curriculum vitae, copies of all transcripts and names =
and email addresses of at least three references to: Plant Systematics =
Search Committee Chair, Department of Biological Sciences, Towson =
University, 8000 York Rd., Towson, MD 21252-0001. Review of applications =
will begin on 3 February 2003 and continue until a suitable applicant is =
found. Additional information is available at our website: =
www.towson.edu/biology <http://www.towson.edu/biology>. Towson =
University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer and has a =
strong institutional commitment to diversity. Women, minorities, persons =
with disabilities and veterans are encouraged to apply.
------------------------------
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 16:39:22 -0500
From: Melissa Snover <mls6@DUKE.EDU>
Subject: Duke Marine Lab Summer Integrated
Duke University Integrated Marine Conservation Program
The Duke University Marine Laboratory is offering an unparalleled
educational opportunity from July 7 to August 8, 2003. Duke's Integrated
Marine Conservation Program teaches the principles necessary for the
conservation and preservation of the coastal and oceanic environment. The
focus is on interdisciplinary problem solving--using natural and social
science theory to resolve real world environmental problems.
This program is a tremendous opportunity for students at any level to
think about conservation biology and policy in an environment full of
students and faculty grappling with the same issues. The core class (BIO
109/ENV 209 Conservation Biology and Policy) involves field trips,
discussion groups, role play (in 2002 it was a fishery management
scenario), lecture, and a final project for graduate students that
focuses on the integration of science and policy. Undergraduate students
will have a case-study based final exam. Students will leave the class
with an appreciation of the policy process, as well as with a grounding
in the fundamentals of marine conservation. There may be no other course,
anywhere, that can offer as much in an intensive 5-week summer
session.
In addition to the classwork, the session hosts a Distinguished
Conservation Scholar each week to give a lecture, to lead discussions,
and to be available to meet with students on an individual basis.
Speakers in the past have included such scientists as Jane Lubchenco,
Jeremy Jackson, Carl Safina, Jim Estes, and Kai Lee, and non-scientists
such as Pulitzer-Prize winning environmental reporter John
McQuaid.
A final and critical dimension to the class comes from the presence of
international students, who often have first-hand knowledge of
conservation battles and have worked to influence environmental policy.
Past international participants have included 51 students from 34
different countries. In any particular year, we expect 5-15
international fellows. Interaction with these individuals does much to
foster awareness of the difficulty of implementing conservation at the
ground level. If funding is available several special fellowships will be
awarded on a competitive basis to international students, especially
those from developing countries, to attend BIO 109/ENV 209. The Global
Fellows in Marine Conservation application credentials are due April 1st.
Participants in the Integrated Marine Conservation Program usually enroll
in the program's 'core' course (Conservation Biology and Policy) and one
of seven elective courses offered concurrently (Biology and Conservation
of Sea Turtles; Marine Mammals; Marine Ecology; Marine Invertebrate
Zoology; Barrier Island Ecology; Marine Policy; Independent Research).
Enrollment in any one course is also possible. Applications for the
Integrated Marine Conservation Program will be accepted until the program
is full.
Duke University Marine Lab summer tuition scholarships are awarded to
either U.S. or non-U.S. citizens on a competitive basis and cover full
tuition for any one course in Term II. These summer tuition scholarship
applications are due April 1st. Additionally, a grant from Panaphil
Foundation allows the Duke Marine Laboratory to offer three tuition
scholarships to U.S. citizens and three fellowships to international
students attending Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. These
applications are due April 1st.
For further information, visit
http://www.env.duke.edu/marinelab/programs/summer2.html
or contact
ml_admissions@env.duke.edu; 252/504-7502.
------------------------------
End of ECOLOG-L Digest - 2 Jan 2003 to 3 Jan 2003 (#2003-3)
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ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
Thanks to discussion with TVR, I have decided to put a link to back files of the discussion group. This months back files.
The link to complete archives is available elsewhere.
This text was originally an e-mail. It was converted using a program
RUPANTAR- a simple e-mail-to-html converter.
(c)Kolatkar Milind. kmilind@ces.iisc.ernet.in