From Mauricio.Rosales@fao.org Tue Jun 26 16:37:20 2001
Date: Sat, 16 Jun 2001 15:43:55 +0200
From: "Rosales, Mauricio (AGAL)"
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Subject: EConference on Area Wide Integration of Crop & Livestock Producti
on
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Dear Colleague:
The Electronic Forum on Area Wide integration of Intensive Livestock
production will start next Monday, the 18th of June.
I would like to remind you that in order to participate you have to subscribe
yourself by sending a message to:
mailserv@mailserv.fao.org
leaving the subject blank and entering the following in the body of the
message:
SUBSCRIBE LEAD-AWI-ECONF-L "Your name, organisation, country"
For example:
SUBSCRIBE LEAD-AWI-ECONF-L "John Rowell, FAO, Italy"
This special format (with your name, organisation and country in quotes)
will put these details into the list. But you do
not need to put your email address in the message.
If you have problems subscribing please send a message to me at
Mauricio.Rosales@fao.org, and I will subscribe you
immediately.
I hope you will participate fully and contribute your views, information and
perspectives.
I apologise if you received this message more than once. There will be no
further blanket mailing after this.
Dr. Mauricio Rosales
Manager, Virtual Research and Development Centre
Livestock, Environment and Development Initiative (LEAD)
Animal Production and Health Division
FAO
Viale delle Terme di Caracalla
Tel: (3906) 57056117
Fax: (3906) 57055749
Email: mauricio.rosales@fao.org
Invitation to an Electronic Forum on Area-Wide Integration of
Specialized Crop and Livestock Production
Livestock Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative
Worldwide there is an increase in demand for livestock
products. To meet this demand many developing countries are
rapidly increasing their domestic production. Most of the
production, however, is not coming from traditional production
systems, but from industrial, large scale production of pigs
and poultry and more intensive dairy production. Large-scale,
industrial production, account for roughly 80 percent of the
total production increase in developing countries. Production
relies almost exclusively on concentrate feed, which are often
imported from elsewhere in the country or from abroad.
Meanwhile the unused by-products of production tend to be
disposed in the cheapest manner possible often resulting in
water and air pollution.
Geographically, most large-scale industrial production takes
place in and around major cities to be near the demand. This
leads to massive pollution in these areas, particularly from
N, P, and K entering the surface and ground water. The
emission of greenhouse (methane, nitrous oxide) and other
gases (ammonia) are other important forms of pollution. Odor
and noise are other environmental pollutants. Moreover, there
are a various of public health risks related to the close
association of high human and animal densities and the
application of untreated (or incorrectly treated) manures
containing pathogenic micro-organisms on fruits and
vegetables. Because this growth is taking place primarily near
urban areas, rural areas, that would have the resource
potential to supply the growing urban markets are deprived of
a rapidly growing commodity market.
The reasons for the geographic concentration lie in the cost
advantages in enterprises being close to the consumer market.
This is important particularly for those countries in which
the infrastructure (including roads, cold changes, marketing
and handling facilities) is still not well developed. In many
countries regulations for livestock production and related
waste management are still not well developed, and where they
are, they are often not enforced. In other words, large-scale
industrial production is causing significant environmental
damage with local and global consequences. At the same time,
rural small scale producers are put at a disadvantage by the
urban policy bias reflected in these trends.
While these trends are extremely worrying from a social,
environmental and public health point of view, there are
number of countervailing tendencies. First, environmental
awareness is growing in countries that have reached a middle
income level, raising the chances of stricter environmental
regulations and enforcement. Second, infrastructure
developments have started to allow the siting of new
production units in rural areas, where much more land is
available to absorb the waste. Third, the urban and rural
price differentials for land and labour in these countries
tend to accentuate, providing incentives for the new
production establishment.
Through a number of pilot schemes in China, Vietnam, Thailand
and Mexico, the Livestock-Environment and Development (LEAD)
Initiative has tested and validated tools and methodologies
that assess the environmental impact of large-scale industrial
production. These pilot schemes also were an attempt to re-
establish sound land-livestock balances from an environmental,
public and animal, and social point of view.
This electronic conference is part of a consultative process
which includes a review of the experiences made in various
countries from a technical, economic and policy perspective.
The results of this electronic conference will feed into a
face-to face workshop which will be held from 17 to 20
September in Thailand where the objective is to draft
guidelines for AWI. These guidelines will be tailored to
specific circumstances such as animal species and agro-
ecozone. The goal it to be able to produce a document which
formulates guidelines for the implementation of Area Wide
Integration in a way that effectively assists decision-makers
in optimizing the siting of animal production from an
environmental, public health and social perspective. Within
this document the cost and benefits of alternatives that can
be implemented by either the public or private sector will be
discussed, how to implement various tools, and the experiences
other countries have had with implementing different policy
instruments to improve the situation.
The electronic conference will be organised in three times:
a) One week, June 18-22 of common discussion on the concept of
Area Wide Integration
b) Three weeks June 25- July 13 of thematic discussions,
covering the following topics:
· options available for recycling manure.
· environmental and health impacts associated with various
forms of discharge and the spreading of manure
· social aspects that need to be considered when
implementing area wide integration.
· type of land use and rural planning that should be
considered with regards to area wide integration
· policy instruments can be put in place to facilitate the
area wide integration elsewhere.
c) Two weeks July 16-July 27 of general conclusions
HOW TO SUBSCRIBE
You can register by sending a message to:
mailserv@mailserv.fao.org
leaving the subject blank and entering the following in the
body of the message:
SUBSCRIBE LEAD-AWI-ECONF-L "Your name, organization, country"
For example:
SUBSCRIBE LEAD-AWI-ECONF-L "John Rowell, FAO, Italy"
This special format (with your name, organization and
country in quotes) will put these details into the list. But
you do not need to put your email address in the message.
We look forward to your participation.
With kind regards,
Henning Steinfeld Cees de Haan
Coordinator, LEAD, Chair, LEAD
Animal Production and Health Rural Portfolio and Livestock
Division Development
Food and Agricultural Rural Development Department
Organization World Bank
Rome, Italy Washington DC