CEC Releases Draft Chemical Action Plans
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North American Environmental Commission Releases Draft Chemical Action Plans
for Public Comment
----Montreal, October 18, 1996.
Action plans aimed at reducing the dangerous effects of mercury and two
pesticides in North America are being released today for public comment. The
Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), whose governing body is
composed of high-level environmental officials from Canada, Mexico and the
United States, sent out copies of the plans to nearly 100 scientists,
representatives of non-governmental organizations and industry. An action
plan for PCBs was already sent out for public review.
Comments and suggestions on the four action plans will be reviewed by the
working groups that developed the action plans. At a meeting to be held in
Mexico City at the end of the month, working group participants will take
these comments into account while preparing the final drafts of the regional
hazardous chemical action plans. The first draft action plans will be
presented to the three governments by the end of the year. This is the
second time the working group has released the draft
action plans for public comment.
The North American environment ministers chose the group of four hazardous
substances=97PCBs, mercury, chlordane and DDT=97at their annual meeting last
year in Oaxaca, Mexico. Canada, Mexico and the United States created a
high-level working group in response to growing global concern over the
health dangers posed by such substances. The CEC Council of Ministers agreed
that these four dangerous substances would be the first to be identified by
the three countries for eventual reduction or regional phase-out. While
steps have been taken in Canada, Mexico and the United States to control the
use and release of all four substances they continue to exist at
unacceptable levels in the North American environment. In keeping with
international commitments,
two other hazardous pollutants or heavy metals will be identified by the
NAFTA partners by the end of this year.
The CEC (http://www.cec.org/), equally funded by the governments of Canada,
Mexico and the United States, is located in Montreal. The Council of
Ministers is composed of Canadian Environment Minister Sergio Marchi, the
Mexican Secretary of Environment, Natural Resources and Fisheries Julia
Carabias, and EPA Administrator Carol Browner.
For more information please contact Andrew Hamilton (the Head of CEC
Science
Division) at (514) 350-4300.
Marcos Silva
Information Specialist
NAFTA Commission for Environmental Cooperation
393 rue St-Jacques, West, Bureau 200
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
H2Y 1N9
Fax: (514)350-4314
Internet: msilva@ccemtl.org
Organization: NIWA
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Subject: target strength/ brief incomplete ref. list
Hydroacoustically, what are the most appropriate
measurement techniques of the target strength of a
particular fish?
I trust this will be a start for your questions.
I send this to the list in case others are interested.
Anonymous 1995. Report of the study group on target strength
methodology. ICES C.M. 1995/B:3: Pages p.
Coombs, R.F.
and Cordue, P.L. 1995. Evolution of a stock assessment
tool: acoustic surveys of spawning hoki (Macruronus
novaezealandiae) off the west coast of the South
Island, New Zealand, 1985-91. NZ J. mar. freshw. Res.
29: 175-194.
Ehrenberg, J.E. 1979. A comparative
analysis of in situ methods for directly measuring the
acoustic target strength of individual fish. IEEE J.
Oceanogr. Eng. OE-4:
Ehrenberg, J.E. 1983. A review of
in situ target strength estimation techniques, p. In
Nakken, O. and Venema, S.C. [ed.], Selected papers of
the ICES/FAO Symposium on Fisheries Acoustics. Bergen,
Norway.
Ehrenberg, J.E. 1989. A review of target
strength estimation techniques, p. 161-176. In Chan,
Y.T. [ed.], Underwater acoustic data processing. Kluwer
Academic Publishers,
Foote, K. 1991. Summary of methods
for determining fish target strength at ultrasonic
frequencies. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 48: 211-217.
Foote,
K.G., Knudsen, H.P., Vestnes, G., MacLennan, D.N. and
Simmonds, E.J. 1987. Calibration of acoustic
instruments for fish density estimation: a practical
guide. Int. Coun. Explor. Sea Coop. Res. Rep. 144:
Pages p.
MacLennan, D.N. 1981. The target strength of
cod at 38 kHz as a function of fish length. ICES CM.
1981/B:27:11 p. (mimeo): Pages p.
MacLennan, D.N. 1982. Target strength measurements
on metal spheres. Scottish Fisheries Research Reports
25: 20 pp.
MacLennan, D.N. 1984. Fisheries acoustics: a
review of general principles. Rapp. P.-v. Reun. Cons.
int. Explor. Mer. 184: 7-18.
MacLennan, D.N. 1990.
Acoustical measurement of fish abundance. J. Acoust.
Soc. Am. 87: 1-15.
MacLennan, D.N. and MacKenzie, I.G.
1988. Precision of acoustic fish stock estimates. Can
J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45: 605-616.
MacLennan, D.N.,
Magurran, A.E., Pitcher, T.J. and Hollingworth, C.E.
1990. Behavioural determinants of fish target strength.
Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions du Conseil
International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 189:
245-253.
MacLennan, D.N. and Simmonds, E.J. 1992.
Fisheries acoustics. Chapman & Hall, London. 325 p.
Midttun, L. 1984. Fish and other organisms as acoustic
targets. Rapport et Proces-Verbaux de Reunions 184:
25-33.
Olsen, K. 1990. Fish behaviour and acoustic
sampling. Rapports et Proces-Verbaux des Reunions du
Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer
189: 147-158.
Traynor, J.J. 1984. Dual beam measurement
of fish target strength and results of an echo
intergation survey of the eastern Bering Sea waleye
pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). PhD thesis, University
of Washington, City. Pages p.
Sam
Sam McClatchie
Research Scientist
National Institute for Water & Atmosphere (NIWA)
PO Box 14-901 Kilbirnie
Wellington, New Zealand
EMAIL s.mcclatchie@niwa.cri.nz
ph. 64 04 386 0300 (work)
FAX 64 4 386 0574
Courier 295 Evans Bay Parade
ph. 64 04 801 6886 (home)
56 A Palliser Rd. Wellington
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