ID: 65170
Title: Second law analysis of small scale organic Rankine cycle
Author: Saurabh Pathak, Apoorva Jha and S.K. Shukla
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 653-658.
Subject: Second law analysis of small scale organic Rankine cycle
Keywords: Waste heat, organic rankine cycle (ORC ), Exergy analysis, Exergy efficiency
Abstract: This paper essentially consists of energy and exergy analysis of a solar powered organic rankine cycle (ORC). R245fa has been used as the working fluid in this low-temperature organic rankine cycle for 1 kW power generation. The exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction rates are calculated for this system using second law analysis. The results show that the energetic efficiency reaches its peak value of 7.53 % while exergetic efficiency is found to have a peak efficiency of32.36%at the same inlet expander temperature. Also, the maximum exergy destruction occurs in the evaporator rather than in the condenser as evident by this analysis. It may be inferred that performances of any organic rankine cycle can be estimated by exergetic efficiency more precisely than energetic efficiency. The goal of this research is to highlight that this kind of system can be used for generating electrical power in buildings.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bracco, Roberto, et al. 2013.Experimenal tests and modelization of a domestic-scale ORC (organic rankine cycle).Energy, 58: 107-116.Delgado-Torres, A.M. and L.
Garcia-Rodriguez. 2010.Analysis and optimization of the low temperature solar organic rankine cycle (ORC). Energy Convers. Manage., 51: 2846-2586.
Literature cited 2: EES. Engineering equation solver. Professional version V9.214-3D, F-chart software. http://www.fchart.com.
Fu, B.R., et al. 2014.Statistical analysis of patent data relating to the organic rankine cycle. Renew. Sustain. Energy. Rev., 39: 986-994.
ID: 65169
Title: Investiagation of the relationship between drought an soil physico-chemical properties in the Barak plains
Author: Erdhihan Tunc, Mehmet Ali Celik and Awet Tekeste Tsegai
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 643-652.
Subject: Investiagation of the relationship between drought an soil physico-chemical properties in the Barak plains
Keywords: Barak plain, soil, climate, drought
Abstract: In those last periods, there has been a climate changes in Turkey. These changes affected the southern regions of turkey with increased frequency and severity of drought. Subsequently affecting different ecological events and dynamics from plant cover to soil formation. In this study, the drought condition of the last 50 years in Barak plain, east of Gaziantep plateau (an average 800 m elevation) was analyzed. Preliminary findings obtained from Gaziantep station during the study period showed extreme drought in 1970, 1973, 1990, 1999 and 2008.During these periods, the Barak plain had precipitation well below normal. For many years, the climate has been very arid and exceptionally dry. Moreover, soil physico-chemical property over the time showed a significant decrease in pH and increase in soil minerals (example Fe, Mn, Zn, K).Those arid periods potentially withdraw and reduce the underground water. In other words, during these arid periods, the flow of streams in Barak plain decreased and at the same time water pollution; salinity of soil and water increased. In addition to this, it is also seen that in the study area, soil erosion and desertification increased due to drought.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Alam, S.M. 1999.Nutrient uptake of plants under stress conditions in Perssrakli, M. In Handbook of plant and crop stress. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 285-314.
Allision, L. W.B. Bollen and C.D. Moodie. 1965.Total Carbon. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Methodsofsoilanb.pp 1346-1366.
Literature cited 2: Bacanli, U.G. and B. Saf. 2005.Kuraklik Belirleme Yontemlerinin Antalya lli Orneginde Incelenmisi.Antalya Yoresin in Insaat Muhendisligi Sorunlari Sempozyumu.
Batzer, D.P. and R.R. Shartiz.2014.Ecology of freshwater and estuarine wetlands.Univ.of California Press.
ID: 65168
Title: Biochemical and electron microscopic analysis of eyestalk of the mud crab, Scylla serrata exposed to silver nano particles
Author: S.Deepa Rani, N. Padmaja and P.Mahalakshmi
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 632-642.
Subject: Biochemical and electron microscopic analysis of eyestalk of the mud crab, Scylla serrata exposed to silver nano particles
Keywords: Eyestalk, Nano-Particles, mud crab, Scylla, Silver
Abstract: Silver nano-particles (AgNPS) are widely used as spectrally selective coatings for solar energy absorption, chemical catalysts and especially for antimicrobial sterilization. After their discharge, silver nano-particles will most likely enter the ecosystems and many produce an adverse response in many aquatic animals altering their fitness and ultimately changing their densities or community populations. Hence, the present study was carried out with silver nano-particle (AgNP)induced toxicity and biochemical changes in the eyestalk of the mud crab Scylla serrata. After standardization ofLD50 (25 ppm/kg) value , a single concentration of 20 ppm was used for the toxicity studies. Disorganization of corneal cuticle, formation of corneal cones, constriction of internal medulla and complete disorganization of basement membrane were observed trough histological analysis and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis of eyestalk of crabs exposed to silver nano-particles showed shrinkage and appearance of scars in the eyestalk developed in the basipetal succession and severe cell damage, total collapse of normal architecture leading to complete degeneration were to observed. Biochemical analysis showed increased level of total protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents and tissue damaging enzymes, such as SOD, CAT and GPx from day 2 to day 10 on exposure to silver nano-particles which indicates severe tissue damage due silver nano-particle treatment overall results concluded that the release of silver nano-particles into aquatic ecosystem would have a direct impact on the aquatic animals and affect the biodiversity of aquatic life.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ahamed, M., M.S. Alsalhi and M.K. Siddiqui.2010 Silver nanoparticle applications and human health. Clin Chim Acta.411 (23-24):1841-1848.
APHA. 1998.Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater (17edn), American Public Heatlth Association, Washington, D.C.
Literature cited 2: Beers, R.F. and I.W. Sizer. 1952.A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by catalase. J. Biol. Chem., 195:133-140.
Beyer W.F. and Fridovich. 1987.Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity same large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Anal. Biochem., 161:559-563.
ID: 65167
Title: Groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purpose in Minche-Savarde basin, Kolhapur district
Author: Pandurang Pisal,Shailendra Hivarekar,Rahul Patil and Santosh Mohite
Editor: Prof D.S.Bhargava and Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2018
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 38 (8) Aug 18 page 621-631.
Subject: Groundwater quality assessment for drinking and irrigation purpose in Minche-Savarde basin, Kolhapur district
Keywords: Minche-Savarde, Groundwater quality, irrigation, suitability, parameters
Abstract: Minche-Savarde is small watershed situated in Deccan Trap lava flows, which is part of Krishna Basin. Detailed ground water quality assessment of 40 samples ae carried out to evaluate suitability for both drinking and irrigation purposes. Chemical characteristics of groundwater was dominated by Ca + Mg>Na+K-HCO3 +CO3 Hydro chemical types followed by Na+K-HCO3+CO3 and Na+K-SO4 +Cl+NO indicating dominance of cation and anion exchange process on both spatial as well as temporal scales. The Gibbs diagram reveals that the majority of groundwater samples falls on rock dominant type, which indicates rock water interaction in the study area is active. The United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram indicates that the all groundwater samples are free from sodium hazards but the salinity hazard varies from low to very high in many parts throughout the study area. This reveals that the groundwater is moderately suitable for agricultural activities. Analytical results of samples shows that the groundwater quality is fairly good in some place as well as at some places exceeds permissible limit. In the study are major ion values are maximum in pre-monsoon seasons as compare to post-monsoon season.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: APHA. 1999.Standards methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washingtion, D.C.
Ayers, R.1985.Water quality for agricultural. FAO irrigation and Drainage Paper No.29, Rev.1. U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization , Rome.
Literature cited 2: BIS. 2009.Drinking water specification .IS: 10500.Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.
Etteieb, S., et al. 2017.Hydrochemical assessment of water quality for irrigation : A case study of the Medjerda river in Tunisia, Appl Water Sci., 7: 469-480.
ID: 65166
Title: Vegan areca palm leather – waste to wealth generation through agri-start-up
Author: Kiran Kumar R. Patil, K. C. Shashidara , H. S. Sowmya and S. R. Suresh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 94-98 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Vegan areca palm leather – waste to wealth generation through agri-start-up
Keywords: Agri-start-up, arecanut, leaf sheath, palm leather, wealth generation
Abstract: Areca leaf sheath, a by-product which was earlier wasted
by farmers in the field, has now found utility in agrobased industries. Several areca leaf plates and bowl
manufacturing units have mushroomed in the hinterland, which escalated the demand for leaf sheaths. Due
to the rapid growth of arecanut production, the state
has a vast supply of raw materials. However, the existing
areca leaf product industries cannot fully utilise this
abundance. As a result, entrepreneurs can explore alternative uses for this valuable resource. Start-up India, a
flagship scheme of the Government of India that encourages entrepreneurs, has resulted in an enterprise in
Shivammogga, Karnataka that converts waste in the
form of areca leaf sheath to wealth in the form of palm
leather. The innovation lies in the manufacturing of
palm leather without causing environmental pollution.
The present study examined the economics, economic
viability and SWOT factors of this start-up. Arecanut
growers reaped net returns of Rs 38,000 from the sale
of leaf sheaths. The entrepreneur made net returns of
Rs 116.22 from indoor slippers, Rs 76.98 from diary
covers and Rs 253.52 from vanity bags. The positive net
present worth of Rs 7.2 crores, benefit : cost ratio of
1.49 and internal rate of returns of 134% revealed economic viability. Strengths and opportunities emerged as
crucial SWOT elements. The challenge lies in scaling up
the enterprise to encash the glaring demand for palm
leather.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: https://www.dasd.gov.in/adminimage/Arecanut_area_and_production.
pdf
Chinnappa, B., Patil, Kiran Kumar R., Manjunatha, G. R. and
Sowmya, H. S., Economic utilisation of areca leaf sheaths for rural
livelihood. Indian J. Agric. Econ., 2020, 75(1), 90–110
Literature cited 2: Ramappa, B. T., Economics of areca nut cultivation in Karnataka, a
case study of Shivamogga district, MDIM Bus. Rev., 2020, 1(2),
69–79
Banerjee, S. and Shrivastava, S. L., Economic analysis of cashew
nut processing in India. Econ. Aff., 2014, 59(3), 429–437
ID: 65165
Title: Study of salt fog phenomenon on the surface of excavated pottery sherds
Author: Elshaimaa Abd Elrahim and Hamdy Mohamed Mohamed
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 85-93 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Study of salt fog phenomenon on the surface of excavated pottery sherds
Keywords: Archaeological pottery, salt efflorescence, sherds, sodium chloride, surface deterioration.
Abstract: The phenomenon of salt fog on pottery surfaces attracted
our team to study it and explain the reason for its formation. The crystallization of salts during drying leads
to pottery damage. A significant step is to examine the
types of salt and identify the chemical composition of
the sherds. For this visual assessment, a digital microscope and a scanning electron microscope with energy
dispersive X-ray analyses unit (SEM-EDX) were used
to detect surface deterioration. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out to determine the
chemical composition of potsherds and salts. The microscopic examination revealed a dense distribution of
salts on the potsherd surface. Besides, the SEM photomicrographs showed clear cubic salt crystals of sodium
chloride, especially after drying. The SEM-EDX analysis also revealed high chloride salt concentration, in
addition to silica and aluminum oxide, which are the
primary ingredients in pottery-making. According to
XRD analysis, the pottery samples primarily contained
diopside, hematite, magnetite, albite and muscovite,
which are the primary components in manufacturing.
Furthermore, halite appeared in large proportions due
to the influence of burial soil. Besides, the quartz, clay
minerals, hematite and calcite content of the samples
were confirmed by FTIR. The results thus support the
fact that sodium chloride significantly influences archaeological pottery
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: . Sáenz-Martínez, A., Pérez-Estébanez, M., Andrés, M. S., de Buergo
M. A. and Fort, R., Efficacy of acid treatments used in archaeological
ceramics for the removal of calcareous deposits. Eur. Phys. J. Plus,
2021, 136, 1–16.
Khalifa, E. and Abd Elrahim, E., Identification of vessel use and
explanation of change in production techniques from the Old to the
Middle Kingdom: organic residue analysis, fabric and thermal
characterization of pot sherds from Qubbet el-Hawa, Aswan, Egypt.
Archaeometry, 2020, 62(6), 1115–1129.
Literature cited 2: Ibrahim, M. M. and Mohamed, H. M., Analytical study and conservation of new kingdom period pottery jars from Saqqara excavation,
Egypt. Adv. Mater. Res., 2021, 1167, 101–113.
Wodzińska, A., A Manual of Egyptian Pottery, Volume 3. Second
Intermediate Period–Late Period, Ancient Egypt Research Associates Inc, Boston, USA, 2010
ID: 65164
Title: Life table and demographic parameters of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five brassicaceous host crops
Author: Keerthi Manikyanahalli Chandrashekara, Sachin Suresh Suroshe, Praveen Kumar Singh , Subhash Chander and Padala Vinod Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 77-84 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Life table and demographic parameters of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on five brassicaceous host crops
Keywords: Brassicaceous host crops, demographic parameters, Lipaphis erysimi, life table, pest management
Abstract: Brassica plants play a significant economic role as they
are cultivated as vegetables, oilseed sources, condiments
and forages. Emerging insect pest outbreaks threaten
the production of cole crops. The mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a perpetual annual threat to the cultivation of cole crops in India.
The life table is a fundamental requisite for formulating
pest management strategies. Hence, the life table of L.
erysimi was studied on five brassicaceous host plants.
The results showed that the total nymphal duration
was shortest on mustard (5.82 ± 1.10 days), whereas it
took 8.80 ± 0.89 days on broccoli. Similarly, the most
prolonged and shortest oviposition period was recorded
on mustard (6.81 ± 0.44 days) and broccoli (4.25 ± 2.59
days) respectively. The GGE biplot analysis showed
that cabbage was the most preferred host, whereas
broccoli was the least preferred by L. erysimi. The intrinsic rate of increase of L. erysimi was lowest on broccoli
(0.21) and highest on mustard (0.35). Similarly, the net
reproductive rate was highest on mustard (28.52 ± 0.37)
and lowest on broccoli (12.52 ± 0.21). The age-stagespecific survival rate of an adult was maximum on cauliflower (0.84), and the highest age-stage life expectancy
of L. erysimi at age zero was 12.84 days on cauliflower.
The age-stage reproductive value at age zero was 1.42
on mustard. The population had doubled every
1.98 ± 0.008 days on mustard compared to 3.30 ± 0.025
days on broccoli. The data showed that mustard was
the most preferred host for L. erysimi, and broccoli the
least preferred or comparatively resistant
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Tiwari, B. K., Brunton, N. P. and Brennan, C. S., Handbook of
Plant Food Phytochemicals: Sources, Stability and Extraction,
Wiley, Oxford, UK, 2013, 1st edn, pp. 397–411.
Kaluzewicz, A., Bosiacki, M. and Fraszczak, B., Mineral composition
and the content of phenolic compounds of ten broccoli cultivars. J.
Elem., 2016, 21, 53–65.
Literature cited 2: Dhillon, M. K., Singh, N. and Yadava, D. K., Preventable yield
losses and management of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) in different cultivars of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern &
Coss. Crop Prot., 2022, 161, 106070.
Biswas, G. C. and Das, G. P., Population dynamics of the mustard
aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) in relation
to weather parameters. Bangladesh J. Entomol., 2000, 10, 15–22.
ID: 65163
Title: Influence of antibiotics on the fitness parameters of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Author: M. Saranya, J. S. Kennedy , S. Jeyarani , R. Anandham and N. Bharathi
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 67-76 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Influence of antibiotics on the fitness parameters of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Keywords: Antibiotics, fitness parameters, host plants, insect associated bacteria, rugose spiraling whitefly
Abstract: Rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus,
is an invasive phloem-feeder reported in India during
July–August 2016. Bacterial communities associated
with insects play a major role in their fitness parameters.
To resolve this hypothesis, efforts were made to disrupt
the facultative secondary symbionts harboured in A.
rugioperculatus through disparate antibiotic treatment.
The fitness parameters of the antibiotic treated whitefly
reared on four different host plants, viz. coconut, banana,
sapota and guava were studied. Treatment with antibiotics such as erythromycin E15, ciprofloxacin CIP5,
carbenicillin CB100 and cefotaxime CTX30 was done to
the whitefly adults by parafilm feeding chamber method,
and the fitness parameters of A. rugioperculatus progeny
were observed. Antibiotic treatment combinations disrupted the bacterial genera Bacillus, Exiguobacterium,
Acinetobacter, Lysinibacillus, Arthrobacter and Pseudomonas associated with A. rugioperculatus. Combinations of carbenicillin 100 µg ml–1 + ciprofloxacin 5 µg ml–1
reduced egg hatchability (59.44 ± 0.59%), as well as
nymphal survival (31.67 ± 0.40%), increased developmental time (32.69 ± 0.83 days) and reduced fecundity
(82.00 ± 0.09 eggs). Antibiotic treatment reduced the
fitness parameters, viz. egg hatchability, nymphal survival developmental time and fecundity of A. rugioperculatus reared on coconut followed by banana, sapota
and guava. Antibiotic treatment prolonged developmental time of A. rugioperculatus and thus exposing them to
parasitoid attack for longer periods. Antibiotic treatment
could be used for the effective management of whiteflies.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: ICC, Coconut Statistical Year Book-2021, International Coconut
Community, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2021; https://statistics.coconutcommunity.org (accessed on 5 August 2021).
Sundararaj, R., Selvaraj, K., Vimala, D. and Venkatesan, T., Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) of India. In Indian Insects: Diversity and Science (eds Ramani, S., Mohanraj, P. and Yeshwanth, H.
M.), CRC Press, Tayler & Francis Group, UK, 2020, pp. 103–120.
Literature cited 2: Dubey, A. K. and Sundararaj, R., A new combination and first record of the genus Aleurothrixus Quaintance and Baker (Hemiptera:
Aleyrodidae) from India. Biosystematica, 2015, 9(1/2), 23–28.
Sundararaj, R. and Selvaraj, K., Invasion of rugose spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae):
a potential threat to coconut in India. Phytoparasitica, 2017, 45(1),
71–74.
ID: 65162
Title: Detection of biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted from common tropical plant species in the Western Ghats region of India: chamber-based experiments
Author: Tanzil Gaffar Malik , Mansi Gupta, Garima Shukla, Ashwini Kumar and Lokesh Kumar Sahu
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 59-66 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Detection of biogenic volatile organic compounds emitted from common tropical plant species in the Western Ghats region of India: chamber-based experiments
Keywords: Biogenic volatile organic compounds, chamber experiment, emission composition, relative concentration, tropical forests.
Abstract: This study deals with emission of biogenic volatile organic
compounds (BVOCs) from some common plant species
found in the Western Ghats of India using branchenclosure experiments. A custom-made dynamic chamber system was deployed to collect samples from seven
different plant species. Analysis of speciated BVOCs
was performed using C2–C6 and C6–C12 VOC analysers
to determine the emission composition and relative
concentration. Isoprene was the most abundant compound, followed by ethene, propene, α-pinene and βpinene. Among the plant species, Tectona grandis,
Bambusa vulgaris and Psidium guajava showed high
fractions of isoprene emission, Saraca asoca showed
moderate emission, and Manilkara zapota and Leucaena
leucocephala showed the lowest emission. However, M.
zapota and L. leucocephala showed higher emission of
both ethene and propene compared to isoprene. This
study emphasizes the importance of emission flux measurements of major plant species in different forest regions of India, which is necessary to make emission
inventories of important BVOCs.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Fiore, A. M. et al., Global air quality and climate. Chem. Soc. Rev.,
2012, 41, 6663–6683.
Kesselmeier, J. and Staudt, M., Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs): an overview on emission, physiology and ecology.
J. Atmos. Chem., 1999, 33(1), 23–88
Literature cited 2: Sindelarova, K. et al., Global dataset of biogenic VOC emissions
calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years. Atmos.
Chem. Phys., 2014, 14(17), 9317–9341.
Llusia, J., Llorens, L., Bernal, M., Verdaguer, D. and Penuelas, J.,
Effects of UV radiation and water limitation on the volatile terpene
emission rates, photosynthesis rates, and stomatal conductance in
four Mediterranean species. Acta Physiol. Plant., 2012, 34(2), 757–
769.
ID: 65161
Title: A two-step procedure for detecting change points in genomic sequences
Author: Arfa Anjum , Seema Jaggi, Shwetank Lall , Eldho Varghese , Anil Rai , Arpan Bhowmik and Dwijesh Chandra Mishra
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 54-58 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: A two-step procedure for detecting change points in genomic sequences
Keywords: Anomalies, change points, genomic sequences, segmentation, two-step procedure.
Abstract: The field of whole genomic studies and investigations is
currently focused on change-point detection. Over
time, various segmentation techniques have been proposed to identify these change points. To effectively locate
segments within a genome, it is helpful to pinpoint the
intervals or boundaries between them, which are known
as change points. By treating these change points as
outliers, they can be identified. The anomalies or outliers
in a dataset are the observations which are significantly
different from the rest of the observations. They can be
attributed to some measurement errors or properties
of the data themselves. Studying the fluctuations over
different segments also revealed the heterogeneity between consecutive segments. In this paper, anomaly identification approach or influential point detection has been
discussed and studied in cow genome data of chromosome 25. Furthermore, the observed anomalies have
been confirmed to determine whether or not they are
true change points. The two-step technique resulted in
the identification of change sites based on observed
abnormalities and is efficient in terms of calculation
time and cost. This study aims to detect any anomalies in
genomic data and determine the exact points at which the
data segment significantly differed from the rest of the
segments. We have developed relevant R codes for data
processing and applied methodologies.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Braun, J. V. and Muller, H. G., Statistical methods for DNA sequence
segmentation. Stat. Sci., 1998, 12(2), 142–162.
Zhang, Z., Lange, K. and Sabatti, C., Reconstructing DNA copy
number by joint segmentation of multiple sequences. BMC Bioinformat., 2012, 13(1), 1–15.
Literature cited 2: Erdman, C. and Emerson, J. W., A fast Bayesian change point
analysis for the segmentation of microarray data. Bioinformatics,
2008, 24(19), 2143–2148.
Zeller, S. R., Henz, S., Laubinger, D., Weigel, and Rätsch, G.,
Transcript normalization and segmentation of tiling array data. Pac.
Symp. Biocomput., 2008, 13, 527–538
ID: 65160
Title: Tank performance and its impact on rural livelihoods of tank commands in Andhra Pradesh, India: a spatial analysis approach
Author: K. R. Karunakaran and U. Madhurima
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 45-53 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Tank performance and its impact on rural livelihoods of tank commands in Andhra Pradesh, India: a spatial analysis approach
Keywords: Human-induced factors, non-system and system tanks, rural livelihoods, spatial analysis, tank performance model.
Abstract: This study examines the impact of poor tank performance in Andhra Pradesh, India, focusing on nonsystem and system tanks. Data analysis reveals declining tank performance over the past three decades, with
average performance at 58.39% for non-system tanks
and 87.4% for system tanks in 2021. Non-system tanks
show favourable gross farm revenue and water user
association characteristics, with siltation negatively affecting the performance. System tanks benefit from better
foreshore and water spread area maintenance, reducing
siltation and encroachment issues. Recommendations
include Government initiatives for desiltation, strengthening water user associations, and promoting less waterintensive crops to address tank performance challenges
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Raju, K. V., Karanth, G. K., Bhende, M. J., Rajasekar, D. and Gayathridevi, K. G., Rejuvenating Tanks: A Socio-Ecological Approach, Institute for Social and Economic Change and Books for Change,
Bangalore, 2003.
Vaidyanathan, A. and Sivasubramaniyan, K., Tank irrigation in
South India: an overview. Centre for Science Environment, New
Delhi, 2001, pp. 5–30.
Literature cited 2: Narayanamoorthy, A., Suresh, R. and Sujitha, K. S., The dying
oasis: a macro analysis of tank irrigation in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Int. J. Water Resour. Dev., 2022, 38(5), 880–896.
Narayanamoorthy, A., Indian irrigation: five decades of development. Water Resour. J., 2002, 212, 1–29.
ID: 65159
Title: International research collaboration among the G-20 countries
Author: Vivek Kumar Singh, Anurag Kanaujia , Prashasti Singh , Jyoti Dua and Hiran H. Lathabai
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 36-44 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: International research collaboration among the G-20 countries
Keywords: Citations, international research collaboration, member countries, publication data.
Abstract: G-20 refers to an organization of 20 member countries/
units founded in 1999. Over the years, it has become
an important political and economic platform to address various developmental concerns. The member
countries collectively represent about 75% of global
population, 85% of the global gross domestic product
and 75% of the global trade. Given that the G-20 has
88.8% of the world’s researchers and accounts for 93.2%
of research spending and 90.6% of scientific publications at the global level, it would be interesting to analyse
the international research collaboration patterns among
the G-20 countries, including assessment of benefits and
impact of such collaboration. The present study utilizes
the publication data of these countries to estimate their
collaborative research levels. A positive growth is observed in research collaboration along with a positive correlation with the national expenditure on R&D. Some
countries (e.g. Saudi Arabia and South Africa) are
found to have benefitted significantly from such collaborative research, as observed by a boost in productivity
and citations. The results comprehensively account for
international research collaboration among the G-20
countries.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Katz, J. S. and Martin, B. R., What is research collaboration? Res.
Policy, 1997, 26(1), 1–18; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(96)-
00917-1
Wagner, C. S., Brahmakulam, I. T., Jackson, B. A., Wong, A. and
Yoda, T., Science & technology collaboration: building capacity in
developing countries? Santa Monica, CA, USA, RAND Corporation,
2001; https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR1357z0.html
Literature cited 2: Jeong, S., Choi, J. Y. and Kim, J. Y., On the drivers of international
collaboration: The impact of informal communication, motivation,
and research resources. Sci. Public Policy, 2014, 41(4), 520–531;
https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/sct079.
Glänzel, W., National characteristics in international scientific coauthorship relations. Scientometrics, 2001, 51(1), 69–115; https://
doi.org/10.1023/A:1010512628145
ID: 65158
Title: Artificial intelligence in the 21st century: the treasure hunt for systematic mining of natural products
Author: Janani Manochkumar and Siva Ramamoorthy
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 19-35 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Artificial intelligence in the 21st century: the treasure hunt for systematic mining of natural products
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, dereplication, drug discovery, genome mining, machine learning, natural products.
Abstract: Advancements in genome mining, high-throughput sequencing and experimental techniques have generated
an enormous amount of data on natural products. This
has led to the design and development of advanced
machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI)
algorithms which have simplified the search for novel
natural products in the 21st century. These algorithms
could effectively analyse the chemical structure of natural products and predict their biological function. They
could also effectively analyse large sets of data in a sophisticated manner. In this context, this article reviews the
various AI/ML algorithms employed in natural products-based drug discovery. Particular attention is paid
to case studies employing AI tools in plant and microbial research. Challenges associated with the use of AI
tools for natural products research have also been discussed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Jiménez-Luna, J., Grisoni, F. and Schneider, G., Drug discovery
with explainable artificial intelligence. Nature Mach. Intell., 2020,
2(10), 573–584.
Sahayasheela, V. J., Yu, Z., Hirose, Y., Pandian, G. N., Bando, T.
and Sugiyama, H., Inhibition of GLI-mediated transcription by cyclic pyrrole–imidazole polyamide in cancer stem cells. Bull. Chem.
Soc. Jpn., 2022, 95(4), 693–699.
Literature cited 2: Siva, R., Plant dyes. In Industrial Crops and Uses, CABI, Wallingford UK, CABI, 2010, pp. 349–357.
Siva, R., Doss, F. P., Kundu, K., Satyanarayana, V. S. V. and Kumar,
V., Molecular characterization of bixin – an important industrial
product. Ind. Crops Prod., 2010, 32(1), 48–53.
ID: 65157
Title: Activating National System of Innovation: introducing the concept of innovation circle in the enterprise innovation system
Author: Parveen Arora and Pradosh Nath
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 15-18 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: Activating National System of Innovation: introducing the concept of innovation circle in the enterprise innovation system
Keywords: Culture of innovation, enterprise, innovation circle, science and technology
Abstract: The National System of Innovation (NSI) is a powerful concept that has significantly influenced the
science and technology policy for the last four decades. The present article re-examines the concept
of NSI and suggests that it has no internal dynamics that activate NSI. With reference to the disconnect between the production system and the innovation support system in Indian NSI (as underscored in the Indian National Innovation Survey), the article suggests that the trigger that can
activate NSI is demand from the enterprises. The focus, therefore, should be on the Enterprise System of
Innovation, a micro replica of NSI. This article introduces the concept of the innovation circle as a
mode of inculcating the culture of innovation within an enterprise, thereby stimulating demand and
activating NSI
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Fagerberg, J. and Sapprasert, K., National innovation systems: the
emergence of a new approach. Sci. Public Policy, 2011, 669–679.
Metcalfe, S., The economic foundations of technology policy: equilibrium and evolutionary perspectives. In Handbook of the Economics of Innovations and Technological Change, Paul Stoneman,
Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 1995, pp. 409–512
Literature cited 2: Chung, S., Building a national innovation system through regional
innovation systems. Technovation, 2002, 22(8), 485–491
Fromhold-Eisebith, M., Bridging scales in innovation policies: how
to link regional, National and International Innovation Systems.
European Planning Studies, 2007, 15(2), 217–233.
ID: 65156
Title: UNFCCC Meeting of Conference of the Parties, COP-28
Author: S. K. Satheesh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (1) 7-8 10 Jan (2024)
Subject: UNFCCC Meeting of Conference of the Parties, COP-28
Keywords: UNFCCC Meeting, Conference of the Parties, COP-28
Abstract: The 28th United Nations Climate Change Conference of the
Parties (COP) took place in Dubai from 30 November to 12
December 2023. This conference was of paramount significance as its primary goal was to facilitate agreement among
governments worldwide on policies to restrict the increase
of global temperatures and to develop effective mitigation
and adaptation strategies.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2: