Enter records

ID: 65335
Title: A Case Study On Smart Water Management With ‘AMR’ Solution In Coimbatore Corporation
Author: N. Balasundaram and A. Senthil Baskar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 303-307 2021.
Subject: A Case Study On Smart Water Management With ‘AMR’ Solution In Coimbatore Corporation
Keywords: Automatic meter reading, Smart water meter, Meter reading, Bulk water supply reading, Treated water
Abstract: The present study focused on minimization of loss of treated potable water and loss of revenue. By utilizing the technology of the smart water management system, by using automatic meter reading, it was proved efficient and profitable. A huge amount of money was being wasted on treatment plants, storage and maintenance. To have control over the usage of treated water, water was supplied uniformly in limited quantity through meters. This study was less tedious than older ones, as it needed less manpower and helps to know the quantum of water actually discharged. The smart water management systems help us, to minimise the loss of water and revenue. From the result obtained from the sample study, it was decided to implement this automatic meter reading (AMR) technology to the entire Coimbatore Corporation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Soldevilaa, A., et al. 2017. Sensor placement for classifier, water distribution networks. Digital Versatile Meter., 215: 1490-1502. Beal. C.D. and J. Flynn. 2014. Toward the digital water age: Survey and case studies of Australian water utility smart-metering programmes. Utilities Policy. 32: 29-37.
Literature cited 2: Campbell, E., et al. 2014. Water supply network sectorization based on social networks community detection algorithms. 16th Conference on Water distribution system analysis (WDSA 2014). Procedia Eng., 89: 1208-1215. Cara, D., et al. 2013. A novel mixed method smart metering approach to reconciling differences between perceived and actual residential end use water consumption. J. Cleaner Prod., 60: 116-128.

ID: 65334
Title: In-vivo Nitrate Reductase Activity Of Marine Angiosperm Halodule pinifolia (Miki) Hartog
Author: Gunabalan Gunasekaran1, Saravanakumar Ayyappan1, Asaithambi Kalaiselvi2 and Jeyapragash Danaraj1,
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 298-302 2021.
Subject: In-vivo Nitrate Reductase Activity Of Marine Angiosperm Halodule pinifolia (Miki) Hartog
Keywords: Halodule pinifolia, Enzyme, Nitrate reductase, Propanol, Pre-treatment
Abstract: Halodule pinifolia, a marine angiosperm collected from the Gulf of Mannar were assayed for nitrate reductase activity in order to determine the nitrate as a sole nitrogen source. Roots, rhizomes and leaves of H. pinifolia were used in the present study and the activity observed was very low. Pre-treatment of plant parts with varying concentration of nitrate did not induce higher nitrate reductase activity. Roots at a concentration of 100 µM NaNO3 showed the maximum nitrate reductase activity (21.9 x 10-9 equiv. NO2/h.gfr.wt), followed by the leaf part at a concentration of 100 µM NaNO3 (19.65 x 10-9 equiv. NO2/h.gfr.wt). Nitrate reductase activity was not significantly influenced by varying the nitrate and propanol concentrations or pH of the assay medium. Present findings conclude that H. pinifolia does not use nitrate as a sole nitrogen source for their growth and might undergo other mechanisms, such as N2 fixation and/or ammonium uptake to reach their growth and productivity in the marine environment.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chapman, D. J. and P. J. Harrison. 1988. Nitrogen metabolism and measurement of nitrate reductase activity. In Experimental phycology. A laboratory manual. Ed. C. S. Lobban, D. J. Chapman and B. Kremer. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp 196-202. Beevers, L. and R. H. Hageman. 1969. Nitrate reduction in higher plants. Annual Rev. Plant Physiol., 20: 495-522.
Literature cited 2: Lea, P. J. and R. C. Leegood. 1995. Plant biochemistry and molecular biology. John Wiley and Sons, New York. pp 230-247. Chow, F. C., V. F. R. Fernanda and M. C. D. E. Oliveira. 2007. Characterization of nitrate reductase activity in vitro in Gracilaria caudata J. Agardh. (Rhodophyta and Gracilariales) Revista. Brazilian Bot., 30(1): 123-129.

ID: 65333
Title: Evaluation Of Micro-irrigation With Automation Techniques: Case Study
Author: V. Johnpaul, N. Jayakumar and R. Sindhu
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 293-297 2021.
Subject: Evaluation Of Micro-irrigation With Automation Techniques: Case Study
Keywords: Micro-irrigation, Automated irrigation technique, Irrigation, Parambikulam Aliyar project
Abstract: Rapid growth in the Indian population leads a requirement of enhancement of food technology which makes a huge impact on the field of irrigation. In this study, irrigation water distribution from the Parambikulam Aliyar Project (PAP), Tamil Nadu which was accompanied by the Thirumoorthi reservoir and it covers four-zone patterns of 377152 acres was studied. Present canal network consists of main and branch canals, distributaries, water coarse and field channels. Loss of water is about 24-45% was observed on the irrigation even though the canal lining is provided to improve the water carrying efficiency. In order to enhance the irrigation efficiency and further extending the area of irrigated land, implementation of micro-irrigation with automation techniques was adopted in the Parambikulam Aliyar project. Automated systems reduce the requirement of manpower and increase the application efficiency by applying the water directly on or below the soil surface near the root zone of the plant. The implementation of smart irrigations aids in reducing the theft and improper use of water and provides a centralized control valve in the system. It was concluded that the overall water use efficiency in a micro-irrigation system is about 85-93% which greatly reduces the amount of water loss.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Abdelraouf, R. E., et al. 2016. Modified design for drip irrigation system to improve the productivity of irrigation water and fertilizers distribution. Int. J. Chem. Tech., 9(9): 40-52. Kaluse, A., et al. 2016. Automatic drip irrigation system. Int. Res. J. Eng. Tech., 3(11): 696-698.
Literature cited 2: Kaur, B., et al. 2016. A survey on smart drip irrigation system. Int. Res. J. Eng. Tech., 3(2): 100-102. Barkunan, S. R., et al. 2019. Smart sensor for automatic drip irrigation system for paddy cultivation. Computers Electrical Eng., 73: 180-193.

ID: 65332
Title: Recent Approach On Biodegradation Of Textile Dyes – A Review
Author: U. Ushani, Salman, G. Pavithra, A. Meena Sankari and Veera Prakash
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 287-292 2021.
Subject: Recent Approach On Biodegradation Of Textile Dyes – A Review
Keywords: Microorganism, Biodegradation, Textile dye, Non-hazardous ingredients
Abstract: Rapid industrialization has certain upsurge to several undesirable origins that accrued in the planet upto noxious intensities to destroy the natural atmosphere. Systematic growths are deliberated as key influences for improvement of both emerging and under established nations, but awkwardly, maximum of the productions industries in these nations do not have accurate waste treatment amenities and liberating a huge amount of wastes discharges. A preponderance of xenobiotics (either untreated or partially treated) unrestricted from industries is diversified up with the natural water streams and to the territory of the planet. Unprocessed or incompletely treated textile effluents are extremely lethal, as they comprise a huge amount of lethal compounds and heavy metals. The problem of water pollution due to the release of industrial wastewater into natural water streams were perceived by western nations in the 19th century and also in India after independence. Biodegradation or usage of microbes in textile dye breaks down into non-hazardous ingredients.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chacko, J. T. and K. Subramaniam. 2011. Enzymatic degradation of azo-dyes: A review. Int. J. Env. Sci., 1(6): 1250. Jamee, R. and R. Siddique. 2020. Biodegradation of synthetic dyes of textile effluent by microorganisms: An environmentally and economically sustainable approach. European J. Microbiol. Immunol., 9(4): 114-118.
Literature cited 2: Singh, L. and V. P. Singh. 2015. Textile dyes degradation: A microbial approach for biodegradation of pollutants. In Microbial degradation of synthetic dyes in wastewaters, environmental science and engineering. Ed S. N. Singh. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. pp18. Barragàn, B. E., C. Costa and M. C. Marquez. 2007. Biodegradation of azo dyes by bacteria inoculated on solid media. Dyes Pigments. 75(5): 73-81.

ID: 65331
Title: Production Of Compost Using Eichhornia crassipes And Its Nutritive Analysis
Author: Sangilimuthu Alagar Yadav, Sumayya Rehaman*, Kalaiselvi A. and Rajiv P
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 282-286 2021.
Subject: Production Of Compost Using Eichhornia crassipes And Its Nutritive Analysis
Keywords: Eichhornia crassipes, Organic carbon, Total nitrogen, Total phosphorus, Total potassium, Weeds ecological benefit
Abstract: The aquatic weed of monster invasive nature is Eichhornia crassipes (mart) with massively grown in tonnes and occupies various lakes. It takes up the nutrients of the lake water and destroys the habitat environment for the fauna and other flora. To reduce the weed with an alternative method, they were collected, shredded and mixed up with the vegetable waste (4:1) and subjected to composting. After 68 days of composting, the matured compost prepared using the Eichhornia crassipes is subjected to colour, odour and foam were found to be in the acceptable range similar to the commercial compost. The electrical conductivity of both matured compost and commercial compost were analogous to each other. The ratio of carbon was about 15 whereas the nitrogen was one. With the pH of the prepared matured compost was about 7 analogous to the commercial compost, the chemical parameter, such as organic carbon of prepared matured compost and commercial compost with a 1.31% difference. The total nitrogen, total potassium, total phosphorus of the prepared matured compost and commercial compost are similar and within an acceptable range. The total calcium and total magnesium are very low with the maximum acceptable range. The mineral content, such as iron and manganese with a minimal difference, whereas the zinc and copper were within the acceptable limits for both the prepared compost and the commercial compost. In this study, the resource utilization approaches of Eichhornia crassipes by using turn waste into treasure and solve the water hyacinth breeding problem, it could also produce economic and ecological benefits.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: CPCB. 2000. Status of municipal solid waste generation, collection, treatment and disposable in class 1 cities. Central Pollution Control Broad, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, New Delhi. Narayana, T. 2009. Municipal waste management in India: From waste disposal to recovery of resources. Waste Manage., 29: 1163-1166.
Literature cited 2: Enein, A. M.A., et al. 2011. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) solms: From water parasite to potential medicinal remedy. Plant Signaling Behaviour. 6(6): 834-836. Mironga, J. M., J. M. Mathooko and S. M. Onywere. 2012. Effect of water hyacinth infestation on the physico-chemical characteristics of Lake Naivasha. Int. J. Humanities Social Sci., 2(7): 103-113.

ID: 65330
Title: The Effect Of Phytotoxicity Of Green Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles On Oil Seed Crops
Author: Momanyi K. Rachael and P. Rajiv
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 278-281 2021.
Subject: The Effect Of Phytotoxicity Of Green Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles On Oil Seed Crops
Keywords: Phytotoxicity, Iron oxide, Seed germination, Oilseed crops
Abstract: In the present investigation, the iron oxide nanoparticles (TFeONPs) were produced by ferrous chloride and aqueous extract of Tridax procumbens. The properties of as-synthesized TFeONPs were assessed. Moreover, the toxicity effects of TFeONPs on oilseed crops (Sesamum indicum and Arachis hypogaea) were investigated. The toxicity effect of TFeONPs on the germination of seed and formation of root and shoot of oilseed crops was determined using different concentrations of TFeONPs. The results of characterization confirmed that the synthesized TFeONPs were spherical-shaped. The various concentrations of TFeONPs significantly enhanced seed germination and the length of root and shoot of S. indicum and A. hypogaea. The highest concentrations (0.4% and 0.5%) of TFeONPs inhibited seed-germination and shoot and root formation, while the lowest and optimal concentrations (0.1-0.5%) of TFeONPs induced positive effects on seed germination and the length of root and shoot. The lowest concentration of TFeONPs was able to promote plant growth without any toxicity to other plants and the environment.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Parthasarathi, T., 2011. Phytotoxicity of nano-particles in agricultural crops. International Conference on green technology and environmental conservation (GTEC-2011). Proceedings, pp 51-60. Nedecky, B.R., et al. 2017. Nanoparticles based on essential metals and their phytotoxicity. J. Nanobiotech., 15(1): 33.
Literature cited 2: Fernández, D.M., D. Barroso and M. Komárek. 2016. Root water transport of Helianthus annuus L. under iron oxide nanoparticle exposure. Env. Sci. Pol. Res., 23(2): 1732-1741. Fernández, D.M. and M. Komárek. 2016. Comparative effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and Fe2O3 nanoparticles on root hydraulic conductivity of Solanum lycopersicum L. Env. Experi. Bot., 131: 128-136.

ID: 65329
Title: Eco-friendly Production Of Cellulose Using Different Agro-wastes By Bacillus subtilis
Author: Sankareswaran M., Moorthy M. and Anbalagan S.
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 272-277 2021.
Subject: Eco-friendly Production Of Cellulose Using Different Agro-wastes By Bacillus subtilis
Keywords: Cellulase, Bacillus subtilis, Submerged fermentation, DEAE cellulase
Abstract: Plant biomass waste consists almost entirely of lignocellulose, which is formed by three types of polymers, namely cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose is a linear polymer composed of D-glucose linked by b-1,4 glucoside bonds. The cellulose enzyme system usually comprises three cellulolytic enzyme classes which hydrolyze the cellulose: endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4), cellobiohydrolases (EC 3.2.1.91) and cellobiases (EC 3.2.1.21). Celluloses are used in various industries, such as fuel, food, detergent, animal feed, agriculture, wine, beer, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The main objective of the study is to explore an easy and cost effective method to produce the cellulase using various agricultural wastes, such as sugarcane bagasse, sago waste and rice bran as substrates. Cellulase producing bacteria were isolated from forest soil. Among the isolates, three strains show the maximum activity on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar plates. Among the three strains, a strain was showed maximum enzyme activity, which was measured by dinitro salicylic acid (DNS) method. The isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis. Optimization of the fermentation medium for the production of maximum cellulase was carried out through submerged fermentation (SmF). The highest production of cellulase was obtained as 7.9 U/mL at 3% glucose as a carbon source, 8.1 U/mL at 3% meat extract as a nitrogen source and 7.0 U/mL at 3% sugarcane bagasse at 37°C, 8.2 U/mL at pH 9, 6.9 U/mL at 3.5% inoculum level at 48 hr. Cellulase was purified to centrifugation, ammonium sulphate precipitation and diethylaminoethyl-cellulase (DEAE-cellulase) chromatography. By adopting these steps, a fold purification of 18.02 with 86% overall yield was obtained. The purified cellulase with a molecular mass of 22 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE. Bacillus subtilis are capable to produce the cellulase for industrial application.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sheppy, C. 2001. The current feed enzyme market and likely trends. In Enzymes in farm animal nutrition. Ed R. B. Michael and G. Gary. CABI Publishing, Division of CAB International. Kim, N., et al. 2008. Molecular cloning and characterization of a glycosyl hydrolase family 9 cellulase distributed throughout the digestive tract of the cricket Teleogryllus emma. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 150: 368-376.
Literature cited 2: Gupta, P., K. Samant and A. Sahu. 2012. Isolation of cellulose-degrading bacteria and determination of their cellulolytic potential. Int. J. Microbiol. DOI: 10.1155/2012/578925. Balachandrababu, A., et al. 2012. Purification and characterization of a thermophilic cellulose from a novel cellulolytic strain, Paenibacillus barcinonensis. J. Microbiol. Biotech., 22: 1501-1509.

ID: 65328
Title: Evaluation Of Biochemical And Nutritional Factors In Selected Green Leafy Vegetables Cultivated In Organic And Conventional Farming
Author: Sangilimuthu Alagar Yadav, P. Rajiv, M. Janani and P. Praveenkumar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 267-271 2021.
Subject: Evaluation Of Biochemical And Nutritional Factors In Selected Green Leafy Vegetables Cultivated In Organic And Conventional Farming
Keywords: Raphanus sativus, Solanum melongena, Organic cultivation, Atomic absorption spectroscopy
Abstract: The present study determined the comparative analysis of the biochemical and nutritional factors present in the vegetables cultivated in the both organic and conventional method of farming. Acid digestion method was used to digest the sample for detection of iron, chromium and zinc by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analysis and nutritional factors, such as protein, carbohydrate, ascorbic acid and amino acids were estimated in the selected vegetables (Solanum melongena and Raphanus sativus). Elemental analysis shows that the iron content found to be high compared to the zinc in both vegetables in comparison to the organically cultivated vegetables having higher zinc and iron content. The biochemical compositions of Solanum melongena and Raphanus sativus both showed high content of protein (13.465 µg/100 µg), Solanum melongena alone showed high content of amino acid (24.732 µg/500 µg) in the conventional method, Raphanus sativus showed a high level of carbohydrate (328.924 µg/200 µg) in conventional and higher ascorbic acid (724.382 µg/500 µg) in organic cultivation. Finally, results showed that the organically cultivated vegetables contain more biochemical elements compared to the conventional method. Raphanus sativus contain more biochemical and nutritional elements compared to Solanum melongena due to the absorption of plant nutritional factors are high in root compared to fruits. Here we have taken rhizomatous parts of Raphanus sativus for analysis.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ramesh, H. L. and V. N. Y. Moorthy. 2012. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in green leafy vegetables grown in Bangalore urban district of Karnataka. Adv. Life Sci. Tech., 6: 40-51. Sobukola, O. P., et al. 2007. Thin layer drying process of some leafy vegetables under open sun. Food Sci. Tech. Int., 13(1): 35-40.
Literature cited 2: Robinson, D. S. 1987. Food – Biochemistry and nutritional value. Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, U.K. and John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. pp 554. Hashmi, D. R., S. Ismail and G. H. Shaikh. 2007. Assessment of the level of trace metals in commonly edible vegetables locally available in the markets of Karachi city. Pakistan J. Botany.39(3): 747-751.

ID: 65327
Title: Experimental Study Of Nallaru River For Water Pollution by Dyeing Industries Nearby In Tirupur
Author: N. Balasundaram and K. Arumugam
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 261-266 2021.
Subject: Experimental Study Of Nallaru River For Water Pollution by Dyeing Industries Nearby In Tirupur
Keywords: Effluent, Treatment plant, Nallaru river, Pollution
Abstract: Tirupur district is an important textile industry region; it is the fifth largest collection of urban areas and fourth largest city by its area located in Tamil Nadu. The city of Tirupur is virtually the knitwear capital of India. It is located about 460 km from the state capital Chennai and 50 km from Manchester of South India. The dyeing industries are the backbone of the textile industry present in Tirupur. Toxic compounds are present as liquid waste from the textile industry. The river water becomes unfit for irrigation and drinking due to its contamination by the toxic compounds. Since river water is used for agricultural purposes and as drinking source and also for household activities by the locality people in the city, it is not a good practice to allow this chemical waste into the water body. Suspended solids particles in water may choke the fish gill which leads to their death or reduces their growth rate. It also reduces algae growth and diminishes their ability to produce food and oxygen. So, proper treatment of liquid wastewater and pollution due to this liquid waste must be controlled by the authorised authority by preventing the discharge of textile wastewater into water bodies. The case study was proposed to design the wastewater treatment plant in the city of Tirupur to reduce the industrial pollution caused by the dyeing industries and sewage wastes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Alam, A. S. M. M., et al. 2009. A study on industrial waste effluents and their management at selected food and beverage industries of Bangladesh. J. Appl. Sci. Env. Manage., 11(4): 5-9. Jesu, A., et al. 2013. Environmental impact of industrial effluent in Vaigai river and the groundwater in and around the river at Anaipatti of Dindigul Distt., Tamil Nadu, India. Int. Res. J. Env. Sci., 2(4): 34-38.
Literature cited 2: Ozturk, E., et al. 2015. Evaluation of integrated pollution prevention control in a textile fiber production and dyeing mill. J. Cleaner Production.88: 116-124. Yadav, A., et al. 2016. Contamination of industrial wastewater in central India. J. Env. Prot., 7(1): 72-81.

ID: 65326
Title: Study On Cheeyappara Waterfalls To Set Up An Environmentally Sustainable Small Hydropower Station
Author: V. John Paul, K. V. Varghese and R. Sindhu
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 257-260 2021.
Subject: Study On Cheeyappara Waterfalls To Set Up An Environmentally Sustainable Small Hydropower Station
Keywords: Small hydropower station, Renewable energy, Cheeyappara waterfalls, Environment friendly
Abstract: Energy has always been a deciding factor in the progress of mankind. Small hydropower stations (SHP) are emerging as a solution for the sustainable, green, environment-friendly and long term, cost-effective source of renewable energy; more advantageous than conventional medium or large hydropower projects. Small hydropower station requires very less flow or head compared to conventional hydropower plants and specially adapted to serve remotely hilly areas on an independent basis to save large investment needed for extending transmission and distribution for low consumption centres from the power grid supplies by harnessing the hydro potential of small rivers and streams. A Cheeyappara waterfall is located in Idukki district of Kerala state along the side of NH 85 (Kochi – Madurai National Highway) and joins the river Deviyar. Using the available head of Cheeyappara waterfalls, a small hydro project is feasible and can be completed within a shorter period without much ecological disturbance. The catchment area is calculated using toposheet of the location and the available head is determined using a handheld GPS survey. By power potential study using available rainfall readings and optimization study for various capacities, it is possible to finalize the capacity of the power station. The selection of the turbine depends on the available head and flow rate. The feasibility study concludes that SHP of 300 kW capacity using two crossflow type turbines of 150 kW each can be envisaged using Cheeyappara waterfalls, enabling clean green energy at a lower cost, if implemented.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Capik, M., et al. 2012. Hydropower for sustainable energy development in Turkey: The small hydropower case of the Eastern Black sea region. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews. 16: 6160-6172. Sachdev, H. S., et al. 2015. Analysis and evaluation of small hydropower plants: A bibliographical survey. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews. 51: 1013-1022.
Literature cited 2: Michael, P. A., et al. 2017. Design of 15 kW micro hydropower plant for rural electrification at Valara. Energy Procedia. 117: 163-171. Adhikary, P., P. Roy and A. Mazumdar. 2014. Multi-dimensional feasibility analysis of small hydropower project in India: A case study. ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., 9.

ID: 65325
Title: Production Of Biopreservative Using Lawsonia inermis And Evaluating Their Toxicity
Author: Jeba Sweetly Dharmadhas, Sumayya Rehaman, Issac Abraham Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy, Jeyapragash Danaraj and Archana Ganesan
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 250-256 2021.
Subject: Production Of Biopreservative Using Lawsonia inermis And Evaluating Their Toxicity
Keywords: Sodium chloride, Lawsonia inermis, Goat skin, Antimicrobial, Leather processing
Abstract: Salt preservation is the general and old age popular practice. Alternate methods of preservations have been analyzed in order to reduce the pollution load in the soaking process of leather by many researchers. Due to the stringent pollution of total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity in tannery effluents, there is a need to develop and adopt salt-free curing methods suitable for Indian raw material. Chilling is the most commonly employed short term preservation method in many countries and is considered more efficient and cost-effective than biocides based methods. In the current study, plant derived extract from Lawsonia inermis was used as salt-less formulations for curing goat skins, proving an effective alternative to the conventional preservation with NaCl. The physico-chemical properties of all goat skin were tested and the results met the standard requirements. After treatment with plant extract, the pollution loads of soaking liquors were assessed and there was a dramatic reduction in levels of total solids, total suspended solids (TSS), chloride, total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) released. From the results, it is clear that the proposed preservation technique is completely comparable with the traditional salt curing approaches, which may be used as viable alternative options for skin preservation in leather processing industries.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sarker, K. T. 1995. The theory and practice of leather manufacture (2nd edn). Longman Publishers, India. Sivabalan, V. and A. Jayanthi. 2009. A study to reduce salt usage in preservation of skins and hides with alternate use of plant extract. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 4(6): 43-48.
Literature cited 2: Slabbert, N. P. 1979. Recycling in the tanning industry. J. Soc. Leather Tech. Chem., 64: 89-92. Franco, J., et al. 2019. A review of eco-friendly preservative and biotannin materials using powdered barks of local plants for the processing of goat skin. Int. Res. J. Sci. Tech., 1: 13-20.

ID: 65324
Title: Phytoremediation Of Phenol Red Dye Using Biomediated Stannous Oxide Nanoparticle And Its Efficiency In Decolourization
Author: Kalaiselvi Aasaithambi, Madhumitha Narayanan Kutty, Jeba Sweetly Dharmadhas, Gunabalan Madhumitha and Ramalingam Chidambaram
Editor: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 243-249 2021.
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (3) March. 21 page 243-249 2021.
Subject: Phytoremediation Of Phenol Red Dye Using Biomediated Stannous Oxide Nanoparticle And Its Efficiency In Decolourization
Keywords: Photocatalytic degradation, C. roseus extract, Stannous oxide, Dye adsorption behaviour
Abstract: Phytoremediation is a promising, cost-effective and eco-friendly approach in the treatment of polluted wastewater and industrial waste effluents. The aim of the study is to understand the potential effects of Catharanthus roseus leaf extract mediated stannous oxide nanoparticles (SnO) formation and its efficiency of dye degradation was investigated. The C. roseus was used for the first time as a reducing agent in the formation of SnO nanoparticles. The secondary metabolites present in plants were evaluated by GC-MS and its bioactive compounds are identified. The synthesized SnO nanoparticles were confirmed and supported by XRD, FTIR, Zeta, DLS, SEM with EDX and TEM with SAED pattern analysis. Photocatalytic activity of SnO nanoparticles efficiency and its synergetic effects against dye degradation was estimated. Thus, C. roseus acts as a reducing agent in the formation of SnO nanoparticles and also helps in maintaining stability. Also, it is an eco-friendly approach with the effect of time in process of dye degradation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sulaiman, G. M., et al. 2013. Green synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles using Eucalyptus chapmaniana leaves extract. Asian Pacific J. Tropical Biomedicine. 3(1): 58-63. Edison, T. J. I. and M. G. Sethuraman. 2012. Instant green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Terminalia chebula fruit extract and evaluation of their catalytic activity on reduction of methylene blue. Process Biochem.,47(9): 1351-1357.
Literature cited 2: Mittal, A. K., C. Yusuf and U. C. Banerjee. 2013. Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts. Biotech. Adv., 31: 346-356. Makarov, V. V., et al. 2014. ‘Green’ nanotech-nologies: Synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Acta Nature. 6(1): 35-44.

ID: 65323
Title: A Report On The Structure And Abundance Of Zooplankton In Muthanathi Pond Virudhunagar District
Author: D.N.P. Sudarmani, S. Jaya Durkga and V. Pushparathinam
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (2) February. 21 page 236-240 2021.
Subject: A Report On The Structure And Abundance Of Zooplankton In Muthanathi Pond Virudhunagar District
Keywords: Plankton diversity, Physico-chemical parameters, Temperature, Alkalinity, Rotifers, Cladocerans
Abstract: Physico-chemical parameters and plankton diversity have been carried out in Muthanathi pond for a period of 6 months from October 2016 to March 2017. The water temperature of the pond during study period ranged from 22 – 25°C. The pH of the pond ranged from 6.7-10.8 and showed alkaline condition throughout study period. The alkalinity of the pond ranged from 36-87 mg/L. The hardness was ranged from 35-46 mg/L. Dissolved oxygen of the pond was ranged from 3.8-5.8 mg/L. A total of 18 species of zooplanktons, 9 species of Rotifers, 2 species of Cladocerans, 2 species of Copepods and 5 species of Ostrocods were recorded.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Hiware, C.J. and B.V. Jadhav. 2001. Biological studies of Manjira river near Kalam, district Osmanabad (M.S.). J. Aqua. Biol., 16(2):11-33. Pulle, J.S. and A.M. Khan. 2001. Study of ionic composition of Isapur dam water, Maharashtra. J. Aqua. Biol., 6(2):33-37.
Literature cited 2: Bagde, U.S. and A.K. Verma. 1985. Physico-chemical characteristics of water of J.N.U. Lake at New Delhi. Indian J. Ecol., 12:251-256. Altaff, K. 2004. A manual of zooplankton. University grants commission, New Delhi. pp 1-155.

ID: 65322
Title: n-Vivo Assessment To Behavioural, Morphological And Melanophoric Alteratations In Response To Exposure To Mercuric Chloride In Freshwater Fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch.)
Author: Harmanpreet Kaur Gill and Anish Dua
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (2) February. 21 page 229-235 2021.
Subject: n-Vivo Assessment To Behavioural, Morphological And Melanophoric Alteratations In Response To Exposure To Mercuric Chloride In Freshwater Fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch.)
Keywords: Mercuric chloride, Channa punctatus, Behaviour, Morphology, Melanophores, Punctate, Punctostellate, Stellate, Reticulostellate, Reticulate
Abstract: The present research focused on the acute and chronic toxicity of mercuric chloride to freshwater fish, Channa punctatus, understanding the behavioural, morphological changes and variations in melanophores. The static non-renewal acute toxicity assay was conducted by exposing the fishes to four test concentrations of mercuric chloride and 96 hr LC50 value alongwith 95% confidence limits were found to be 1.38 mg/L. The physico-chemical analysis of water was done using standard methods. The behavioural and morphological abnormalities were recorded with 8 hr observation per day during the period of 96 hr for control and exposed groups. The results showed the altered behaviour and morphological changes such as opaque eyes, erratic swimming, loosening of scales, mucous secretion and coloration changes was observed in exposed group of fishes. Three sub-lethal doses on the basis of LC50 value for chronic assay were selected (0.138 mg/L, 0.276 mg/L and 0.414 mg/L). The scales were harvested from control and exposed groups for melanophores studies by using compound microscope. The duration and concentration dependent significant variations (p £ 0.05) in the different forms of melanophores were observed and frequency of melanophores were calculated as mean ± S.E. The 5 different forms named punctate (P), punctostellate (PS), stellate (S), reticulostellate (RS) and Reticulate (R) were observed and there occurs decrease in dispersal forms of melanophores (reticulate and reticullostellate) and increase in aggregated forms of melanophores (punctate, punctostellate).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pereira, P., et al. 2014. Fish eyes and brain as primary targets for mercury accumulation- A new insight on environmental risk assessment. Sci. Total Env., 494-495: 290-298. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2014.07.008. Macirella, R., et al. 2016. Effects of two sublethal concentrations of mercury chloride on the morphology and metallothionein activity in the liver of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Int. j. molecular sci., 17:1-16. DOI: 10.3390/ijms17030361.
Literature cited 2: Amiri, M.H. and H. M. Shaheen. 2012. Chromatophores and colour revelation in the blue variant of the stamese fighting fish (Betta splenders). Micro., 43:159-169. DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.07. 002. Biswas, S.P., A. G. Jadhao and N. V. Palande. 2014. Role of catecholamines and nitric oxide on pigment displacement of the chromatophores of freshwater snakehead teleost fish, Channa punctatus. Fish physiol. Biochem., 40: 457-467. DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9857-8.

ID: 65321
Title: Intervention Of Artificial Intelligence In Agriculture: Role, Application And Status
Author: Pratyush Mathur and Ajey Kumar Pathak
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (2) February. 21 page 224-228 2021.
Subject: Intervention Of Artificial Intelligence In Agriculture: Role, Application And Status
Keywords: Agriculture, Artificial intelligence, Crop, Soft computing agriculture
Abstract: Agriculture is nearly a $3 trillion industry and the issues, like increasing population trend, climate change, area reduction in cultivation, food security have propelled agriculturists for searching for innovative approaches to protect and improve crop yield in order to mitigate poverty and hunger. The interventions of artificial intelligence (AI) and its increasing applications have transformed the whole agriculture into soft computing agriculture, which has opened the prospects of yielding healthier crops, control pests, monitor soil and growing conditions, organize data for farmers, assist in the workload and improve a wide range of agriculture-related tasks in the entire food supply chain. Currently, applications of artificial intelligence are becoming policy issues as it provides an understanding of current and emerging trends in agriculture to the business leaders and now playing an imperative role in cutting the agriculture cost with guaranteed efficiency. The present article provides glimpses on the role and application of AI in agriculture with special reference to crop science.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: http://statisticstimes.com/economy/countries-by-gdp-sector-composition.php. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/expert_paper/How_to_Feed_the_World_ in_2050.pdf.
Literature cited 2: https://lpelc.org/sources-of-agricultural-greenhouse-gases/. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/Issues_papers/HLEF2050_Global_ Agriculture.pdf.