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ID: 65401
Title: Development Of Process Parameters For The Clean Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using The Pernicious Aquatic Weed Eichhornia crassipes And An Assessment Of Their Properties
Author: S. U. Ganaie, Tasneem Abbasi, Tabassum Abbasi, R. Rajalakshmi and S. A. Abbasi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (7) July. 21 page 762-771 2021.
Subject: Development Of Process Parameters For The Clean Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using The Pernicious Aquatic Weed Eichhornia crassipes And An Assessment Of Their Properties
Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes, Biomimetic synthesis, Antioxidant activity, Catalysis
Abstract: The effect of several process parameters on the biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using ubiquitous and pernicious aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was studied. Aqueous extracts of the plant across a wide range of concentrations were able to successfully induce AgNP formation as well as their stabilization. It was shown with the aid of UV-visible spectroscopic, electron microscopic and dynamic light scattering studies that by manipulating the extract-Ag (I) stoichiometry, temperature, pH and interaction time, different shapes and sizes of nanoparticles can be generated. Conditions under which optimum formation of AgNPs of different shapes and sizes could be achieved were worked out. The efficacy of the AgNPs in free radical scavenging and catalysis was witnessed. The studies thus provide a template for scaling up the AgNP synthesis and utilizing the AgNPs. Given the fact that E. crassipes is freely available in large quantities, with no other recognized use, the present method opens up a possibility for large-scale utilization of it in synthesizing AgNPs of tunable shapes and sizes in a rapid, non-polluting, energy frugal and inexpensive manner.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Patil, M. P. and G. D. Kim. 2017. Eco-friendly approach for nanoparticles synthesis and mechanism behind antibacterial activity of silver and anticancer activity of gold nanoparticles. Appl. Microbiol. Biotech., 101:79-92. Singh, P., et al. 2016. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles from plants and microorganisms. Trends Biotech., 34:588-599.
Literature cited 2: Fahmy, H. M., et al. 2017. Alternative green chemistry methods of silver nanoparticles synthesis : Review and comparison. J. Bionanosci., 11:7-16. Mondal, S., et al. 2014. A brief introduction to the development of biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles. J. Nano Res., 27:41-52.

ID: 65400
Title: Mapping Of Aquifer Vulnerability Zones Using Drastic-Lu Model For The Part Of Palwal – Faridabad District, Yamuna Alluvial Aquifer, Haryana, India
Author: Nepal Singh and Sarfaraz Ahmad
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (7) July. 21 page 754-761 2021.
Subject: Mapping Of Aquifer Vulnerability Zones Using Drastic-Lu Model For The Part Of Palwal – Faridabad District, Yamuna Alluvial Aquifer, Haryana, India
Keywords: DRASTIC-Lu, Aquifer vulnerability mapping, Yamuna alluvial, Palwal – Faridabad, GIS
Abstract: Vulnerability assessment to delineate areas that are more susceptible to contamination from anthropogenic source has become an important element for sensible resource management and landuse planning. The study utilized the DRASTIC-Lu model comprising seven environmental parameters which include depth to the water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, the impact of the vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity. These thematic maps under the GIS environment were used to assess the aquifer vulnerability in Yamuna alluvial aquifer in parts of Palwal – Faridabad district, Haryana, India. The result of the groundwater vulnerability assessment suggests four zones of relative vulnerability as very low, low, medium and highest vulnerable zones. The elevated north-western parts of the study area displayed high aquifer vulnerability due to shallow groundwater depth, open water bodies, urban settlement, soil type and high hydraulic conductivity. While eastern parts show less vulnerability due to low hydraulic conductivity and deeper groundwater table.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Tesoriero, A.J., E.L. Inkpen and F.D. Voss. 1998. Assessing groundwater vulnerability using logistic regression. Source water assessment and protection 98, Technical Conference. Proceedings, pp 157-165. Zhang, R., et al. 1196. Determination of non-point source pollution using GIS and numerical models. J. Env. Quality. 25: 411-418
Literature cited 2: Aller, L., et al. 1985. DRASTIC : A standardized system for evaluating groundwater pollution potential using hydrogeologic settings. USEPA Report 600/2-87/035. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available at : http://www.epa.gov/nscep. Dixon, B. 2005. Applicability of neuro-fuzzy techniques in predicting groundwater vulnerability : A GIS-based sensitivity analysis. J. Hydrol., 309:17-38.

ID: 65399
Title: Distribution Of Indoor Air Pollutants Relative To Meteorological Parameters In Selected Schools In The Eastern Cape Province Of South Africa: A Preliminary Study
Author: Anye Chungag, Godwill A. Engwa and Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (7) July. 21 page 745-753 2021.
Subject: Distribution Of Indoor Air Pollutants Relative To Meteorological Parameters In Selected Schools In The Eastern Cape Province Of South Africa: A Preliminary Study
Keywords: Indoor air quality, air pollution, particulate matter, gas pollutants, Meteorological parameters
Abstract: Particulate matter (PM), gaseous pollutants and meteorological parameters have gained concern recently in indoor air quality (IAQ) assessment. However, information about the nature and concentration of indoor air pollutants and meteorological parameters in the presence and absence of learners is scarce, hence the aim of this study. This study sampled indoor air from 23 classrooms in three urban and four rural schools in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Components of indoor air (O2, CO2, NO2, PM2.5, PM5 and PM10) and meteorology (relative humidity, wet bulb temperature, dew point temperatures, barometric pressure and airflow) were measured. The findings showed that sampled pollutants were present in all the classrooms in different proportions and varied with the presence and/or absence of learners. While CO2 and PM concentrations were higher than permissible amounts, NO2 volumes were barely detectable. The meteorological parameters were comparatively much higher in urban than rural school classrooms in the presence and absence of learners. In conclusion, classrooms present different IAQ when learners are present compared to when they are absent considering the concentration of their ambient compromisers. The levels of air pollutants in school classrooms do not only increase with the presence of learners but tend to also increase with the rise in indoor meteorological factors.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: WHO. 2012. guidelines for indoor air quality: Selected pollutants. World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. Tang, T., et al. 2012. Fine and ultrafine particles emitted from laser printers as indoor air contaminants in German offices. Env. Sci. Poll. Res., 19(9): 3840-3849.
Literature cited 2: Khaefi, M., et al. 2017. Association of particulate matter impact on prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ahvaz, southwest Iran during 2009-2013. Aerosol Air Quality Res., 17(1): 230-237. Choi, S. H., et al. 2014. Behaviour of particulate matter during high concentration episodes in Seoul. Env. Sci. Poll. Res., 21(9):5972-5982.

ID: 65398
Title: Determination Of Rare Earth Elements And Its Distribution Pattern From The Core Sediments By Ko-Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
Author: Ebenezer Aquisman Asare, Rafeah Wahi, Alexander Obiri Gyampoh, and Omolayo Ajoke Omorinoye
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (7) July. 21 page 736-744 2021.
Subject: Determination Of Rare Earth Elements And Its Distribution Pattern From The Core Sediments By Ko-Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis
Keywords: Rare earth element, Marine core sediment, Neutron activation analysis, Shale average, Enrichment factor
Abstract: This work aimed to assess rare earth elements and their distribution pattern from the core sediments from the central coast of Ghana by Ko instrumental neutron activation analysis. The rare earth element content was evaluated with uncertainty less than 8% (at 95% confidence level) and demonstrated to be accordant with the IAEA-soil 7 certified concentrations. The calculated concentration of light rare earth elements and Fe normalized enrichment factors suggested that sediment samples were not enriched with light rare earth elements (LREEs) obtained from discharges of anthropogenic activities. The chondrite-normalized pattern of rare earth elements exhibited LREEs, Tm, Tb, Eu and Ho enrichment. The total contents of rare earth elements calculated can be used to establish baseline information about environmental contamination determination and to develop the relationships between the Ce/Ce* and Eu/Eu* anomalies and the source appointment of both LREEs elements and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs).
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Adam, J.R., et al. 2003. Isotope dilution MC-ICP-MS isotope dilution MC-ICP-MS rare earth element analysis of geo-chemical reference materials NIST SRM 610, SRM 612, SRM 614, BHVO-2G, BHVO-2, BCR-2G, JB-2, WS-E, W-2, AGV-1 and AGV-2. Geo Standard Geo Anal. Res., 28:417–429. Ozdes, D., C. Diran and B.H. Senturk. 2011. Adsorptive removal of Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions by using Turkish illitic clay. J. Env. Manage., 92(12):3082–3090.
Literature cited 2: Henderson, P. 1984. General geochemical properties and abundances of the rare earth elements. in rare earth element geochemistry (vol. 2). pp 1-32. Khadijeh, R., et al. 2009. Rare earth elements determination and distribution patterns in surface marine sediments of the south China sea by INAA, Malaysia. J. Rare Earths. 27 (6):1066-1071.

ID: 65397
Title: Capture Of Toxic Pollutants By Pistacia lentiscus Leaves As A Low-Cost Biosorbent: Equilibrium, Kinetics And Thermodynamic Studies
Author: Zerhouni Anissa, Bestani Benaouda, Attouti Salima and Benderdouche Nouredine
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (7) July. 21 page 723-735 2021.
Subject: Capture Of Toxic Pollutants By Pistacia lentiscus Leaves As A Low-Cost Biosorbent: Equilibrium, Kinetics And Thermodynamic Studies
Keywords: Biosorption, Pistacia lentiscus, Isotherm models, Thermodynamics
Abstract: Presenting expensive disposal problems during extraction of its essential oil, Pistacia lentiscus leaf was chosen in this investigation as a biosorbent for Rhodamine B and Pb2+ ions removal from simulated solution. Chemical and physico-chemical methods, such as FTIR analyses, minimum expenditure basket (MEB), mesoporous and microporous available areas and zero point charge (pHzpc) were performed to characterize the biosorbent prior to its utilization. Effect of conventional parameters on biosorption of both pollutants, such as equilibrium time, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature were studied. Well known adsorption isotherms, namely Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin were used for adsorption equilibrium data analysis in their linear and non-linear forms. The rate of adsorption was encouraging for P. lentiscus waste used as such. Linearized and non-linearized Freundlich-biosorption models are more representative for the experimental data predicting heterogeneous surface coverage of the adsorbents. Magnitudes of RL and n depict the favourability biosorption processes. Biosorption mechanism found to obey pseudo-second-order kinetic model and indicates that the sorption process is controlled by intra-particle diffusion. Thermodynamic analysis of the adsorption processes of both pollutants confirms their spontaneity and exothermicity. Compared to other biosorbents, Pistacia lentiscus leaves as a bio-renewable and affordable biomaterial can be efficiently used in removing organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial effluents.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Krishna, I.V.M. and V. Manickam. 2017. Environmental management- science and engineering for industry (1st edn). Butterworth-Heinemann. Saifullahi, I. and F.B. Halimah. 2020. A short review on the removal of Rhodamine B dye using agricultural waste-based adsorbents. Asian J. Chem. Sci., 7(1):25-37.
Literature cited 2: Rodriquez-Ramos, F.J. and E.R. Tonic. 2011. Use of Rhodamine B as a biomarker for oral plague vaccination of Prairie dogs. J. Wildlife Diseases. 47(3):765-768. Bashir, W.B., et al. 2014. Application of solutions of Rhodamine B in dosimetry. Appl. Radiation Isotopes. 89:13-17.

ID: 65396
Title: Performance Analysis Of Sewage Treatment Plants In Delhi
Author: Sudhir Kumar and Mahendra Pratap Choudhary
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 716-720 2021.
Subject: Performance Analysis Of Sewage Treatment Plants In Delhi
Keywords: Sewage treatment plant, Wastewater quality, Pollution, Biochemical oxygen demand
Abstract: Nowadays, water quantity and quality are the major problems especially in urban areas arising due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. Due to the insufficient capacity of sewage treatment plants in Delhi, the discharge of wastewater from domestic and industrial sources is mainly responsible for pollution in the river Yamuna. A study has been carried out to analyze the efficiency of various sewage treatment plants located in Delhi based on different technologies. The sewage treatment plants located at Okhla, Chilla and Akshardham have been chosen for the study which are based on technologies, such as conventional activated sludge process (CASP), sequential batch reactor (SBR) and membrane bioreactor (MBR), respectively. The results have shown that the sewage treatment plants based on SBR and MBR are functioning satisfactorily but the sewage treatment plant based on CASP at Okhla is not working properly, where the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of treated wastewater was found to be 62 mg/L which is not within the permissible limit as prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board of India. Hence, there is a need for continuous monitoring of the sewage treatment plants and also to remove any inefficiency in operation and maintenance as and when it is observed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Gupta, S., et al. 2018. A study on sewage treatment and disposal in Delhi. Int. J. Adv. Res. Innovation. 6(2): 88-91. Wakode, P. N. and S. U. Sayyad. 2014. Performance evaluation of 25 MLD sewage treatment plant (STP) at Kalyan. American J. Eng. Res., 3(3): 310-316.
Literature cited 2: Agnihotri, S., et al. 2019. Performance evaluation of sewage treatment plant based on SBR and MBBR technology. Int. J. Technical Innovation Modern Eng. Sci., 5(3): 98-102. Sharma, R. and P. Agrawal. 2017. A case study on sewage treatment plant (STP) Delawas, Jaipur. Int. J. Eng. Sci. Computing. 7(5): 12437-12442.

ID: 65395
Title: Experimental Study On Soil Stabilization Using Geotextiles
Author: D. Boopathiraj, B. Priyadharshini, P. Eshanthini, M. Kavisri and C. Balaji
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 711-715 2021.
Subject: Experimental Study On Soil Stabilization Using Geotextiles
Keywords: Bearing capacity, California bearing ratio test, Fine-grained soil, Geotextile, Stabilization, Unconfined compression, Unstabilized sample
Abstract: For pavement constructions, such as runway and highway construction, fine-grained soils are not suitable due to their undesirable properties, such as poor grading, low bearing capacity and more plasticity, ability to swell. To improve these soil properties various soil stabilization methods are needed. The stabilization is done by adding various stabilizing materials with the fine-grained soil. Geotextiles are one of the materials used in soil stabilization. This experimental study has been carried over to improve the bearing capacity of soft soil (from Sholinganallur, Chennai) by using natural and artificial geotextiles. During this study, the soil samples which has been stabilized with various geotextiles was prepared, that is soil with natural geotextile (jute fibre) and soil with artificial geotextile. In this experimental study, index properties and engineering properties of soft soil or unstabilized sample and stabilized soil sample with geotextiles were determined. Samples are subjected to various soil tests which have been used to determine the engineering properties of soil. The soil tests, such as the standard proctor compaction test, unsoaked California bearing ratio (CBR) test and unconfined compression (UCC) test had been done to determine the characteristics of the samples. In order to determine the properties of stabilizing materials, the geotextiles underwent various geosynthetic laboratory tests. The results of the study show that the bearing capacity of Shollinganallur fine grained soil can be improved subsequently and water absorption by soil has been reduced significantly by using geotextiles.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Azizozdemir, Murat. 2016. Improvement in bearing capacity of a soft soil by addition of fly ash. Sci. Direct J., 143: 498-505. Ogundare, D. A., et al. 2018. Utilization of geotextile for soil stabilization. American J. Eng. Res., 7(8): 224-231.
Literature cited 2: Panigrahi, B. and P. K. Pradhan. 2019. Improvement in bearing capacity of a soil by using natural geotextile. Springer Link J. Kakdiya, V., et al. 2019. Soil stabilization using bamboo fibers. Int. J. Innovative Res. Tech., 5(11): 436-440.

ID: 65394
Title: An Assessment Of Groundwater Quality Using Water Quality Index In Ennore, Neighbourhood Chennai
Author: Eshanthini and Nandhakumar S.
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 703-710 2021.
Subject: An Assessment Of Groundwater Quality Using Water Quality Index In Ennore, Neighbourhood Chennai
Keywords: Ennore, Groundwater quality, Physico-chemical parameters, Water quality index, Water pollution
Abstract: The water quality index (WQI) plays a vital role in determining the drinking water quality in an urban, rural and industrial area. WQI is defined as an index reflecting the composite influence of different water quality parameters which is considered and taken for calculation of the water quality index. In the present study, ten groundwater samples were collected from the Ennore area in the neighbourhood Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The thirteen water quality parameters have been considered for the calculation of water quality index, namely pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg+), nitrate (NO3–), bicarbonate (HCO3–), chloride (Cl–), sulphate (SO42–). In this study Bureau of Indian Standard has been used to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and for the calculation of WQI.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Krishnan, G., et al. 2016. Assessment of water quality index (WQI) of groundwater in Rajkot district, Gujarat, India. J. Earth Sci. Climatic Change. 7(3): 1-4. DOI: 10.4172/2157-7617.1000341. Tyagi, S., et al. 2013. Water quality assessment in terms of water quality index. American J. Water Res., 1(3): 34-38.
Literature cited 2: IS:10500. 2012. Specification for drinking water. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India. WHO. 2012. Guidelines for drinking water quality (4th edn). World Health Organization, Geneva.

ID: 65393
Title: Pilot Model Study For Artificial Recharge Of Treated Domestic Sewage In Unconfined Aquifer
Author: Maipady Ramu Dhanraj and A. Ganesha
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 698-702 2021.
Subject: Pilot Model Study For Artificial Recharge Of Treated Domestic Sewage In Unconfined Aquifer
Keywords: Artificial recharge, Biochemical oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Treated domestic sewage, Unconfined aquifer
Abstract: Disposal of treated sewage has been increasingly important in the development and planning of wastewater management. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of artificial recharge of treated domestic sewage in an unconfined aquifer. Once the pollutant reaches the soil, there are several factors that affect the soil behaviour. Therefore, it is imperative to know the impact of disposal of treated sewage in different soils available locally in the coastal belt of the southwest coast of India. This study will help in easing the disposal in streams by adding up a new form of disposal in all-time weather conditions. The objectives of this study include treatment efficiency and its quality before and after the recharge in sand and soil as a dispersion media. The experimental model has shown enough potential in the removal of pollutant concentration in media dispersion. The percentage removal of dependent variables, such as biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand is found to be 51.65% and 83.01%, respectively in the sand and also 83.34% and 50% in soil, respectively.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bouwer, H., G. Pyne and J. Goodrich. 1990. Recharging groundwater. Civil Eng., 63-66. Bouwer, H., et al. 1980. Rapid infiltration research at the flushing meadows project- Arizona. J. Water Poll., 52: 2457-2470.
Literature cited 2: Bouwer, H. and R. C. Rice. 1984. Renovation of wastewater at the 23rd Avenue rapid infiltration project. J. Water Poll., 56: 76-83. Gilbert, R. G., J. B. Robinson and J. B. Mille. 1973. Microbiology and nitrogen transformations of a soil recharge basin used for wastewater renovation. International Conference on Land for waste management, Ottawa, Canada.

ID: 65392
Title: Assessment Of Cauvery River Water Quality Using Water Quality Index In Bhavani – Kokkarayanpettai, Erode Zone
Author: R. K. Sangeetha, K. Arumugam, T. Karthika, A. T. Manikandan and S. Karthi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 693-697 2021.
Subject: Assessment Of Cauvery River Water Quality Using Water Quality Index In Bhavani – Kokkarayanpettai, Erode Zone
Keywords: Cauvery river, Water quality index, Bhavani, Kokkarayanpettai
Abstract: Understanding the water quality for drinking and agricultural uses is important. The main sources for the water contamination in the rivers are industries, agriculture and domestic sources. Most of the industries and cities are located along the river basin which is a convenient place to discharge waste materials. Chemical waste products from the industries, like paper mills, leather industries and dyeing industries sometimes accidentally discharge harmful chemicals into rivers in high concentrations that affect all living beings. In order to assess the water quality in the Cauvery river, samples were collected and analyzed for turbidity, pH, chloride, total hardness, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, etc. Qualitative ratings classified the river waterfalls into the category very poor according to the water quality index. The water quality ranges from 112.27-348.5. The overall quality of the waterfalls under the very poor category. The Cauvery river water gets polluted by the discharge of untreated wastewater from the industrial sectors.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Gajendran, C. and A. Jesumi. 2013. Assessment of water quality index in Cauvery river basin: A case study on Tiruchchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India. Universal J. Env. Res. Tech., 3(2): 137-140. Sebastian, J. and S. M. Yamakanamardi. 2013. Assessment of water quality index of Cauvery and Kapila rivers and at their confluence. Int. J. Lakes Rivers. 6(1): 59-67.
Literature cited 2: Sukumaran, J. and S. M. Devarayan. 2016. Evaluation of water quality of Kaveri river in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu by principal component analysis. Current World Env., 11(1): 89-95. Begum, A. and Harikrisha. 2008. Study on the quality of water in some streams of Cauvery river. J. Chem., 5(2): 377-384.

ID: 65391
Title: An Overview Of Various Treatment Processes Of Dairy Wastewater
Author: Suman Mishra, S. K. Bindhani and H. M. Jena
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 686-692 2021.
Subject: An Overview Of Various Treatment Processes Of Dairy Wastewater
Keywords: Dairy wastewater, Physico-chemical treatment, Biological treatment, Advanced treatment
Abstract: In the present scenario, the consumption of milk and its products is increasing day to day due to the increase in population for which a number of dairy industry is growing every year. It requires a huge amount of water for the processing purpose which produces plenty of wastewater containing a number of pollutants, such as organics, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, sulphur, phosphorous and nitrogen, discharged in the open field. It becomes a challenge to get the usable water by removing these pollutants from this wastewater and make it fit for cultivation. The process for the treatment of wastewater generated from the milk processing plant has been described and discussed. Characterization of dairy wastewater with respect to various inorganic and organic constituents presents therein and the consequent harmful health effects have been highlighted. Different treatment techniques for environmentally acceptable disposal of wastewater have been presented. A few recent techniques being developed for the treatment have also been highlighted.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Thete, B. S. and N. P. Shinkar. 2013. Dairy industry wastewater sources, characteristics and its effects on environment. Int. J. Current Eng. Tech., 3(5): 1611-1615. Kolhe, A. S., et al. 2009. Effluent of dairy technology. Shodh, Samiksha Mulyankan (Int. Res. J.). 2 (5): 459-461.
Literature cited 2: Kolhe, A. S. and V. P. Pawar. 2011. Physico-chemical analysis of effluents from dairy industry. Recent Res. Sci. Tech., 3(5): 29-32. Enb, A., et al. 2009. Chemical composition of raw milk and heavy metals behaviour during processing of milk products. Global Veterinaria. 3(3): 268-275.

ID: 65390
Title: A Novel Two-Stage Invertebrate Biofilter Design To Treat Wastewater
Author: Sakshi Gulia, Sarabjeet Kaur and Rahul Singh
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 681-685 2021.
Subject: A Novel Two-Stage Invertebrate Biofilter Design To Treat Wastewater
Keywords: Biofilter, Eisenia fetida, Lamnellidens marginalis, Wastewater, Reactor
Abstract: Water treatment is a prime thrust area of research these days. A number of techniques have been developed to optimize water treatment practices. Approximately 7300 m3 of wastewater and sludge is generated annually in India and most of it is disposed into the rivers as such. There are significant types of wastewater treatment filters, like trickling filter, horizontal rock filter in a polluted stream, granular activated carbon (GAC) or sand filter. In the present research, the wastewater filtering potential of mollusc and annelid is explored. A small invertebrate biofiltration setup was constructed by using different substrates (gravels, ash, peels) aided with local mollusc (L. marginalis) and earthworm (E. fetida). Alongside another setup prepared with the same layers but without aiding invertebrates was considered as a control to analyse the filtration potential of invertebrates. Four respective filtration cycles were considered to observe changes in chemical parameters. There was a significant increase in pH (9.04% compared to control). Invertebrate filter caused a significant decrease in the level of EC, TDS and hardness. Results thus suggested that an integrated invertebrate filtration system is more efficient in treating wastewater. However, a preliminary idea to use invertebrates for wastewater treatment is developed through this work. Further detailed studies to fix the role of each group in filtration, density-based filtration rate and examination of other crucial parameters are areas which are still unexplored.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Chaudhary, D. S., et al. 2003. Biofilter in water and wastewater treatment. Korean J. Chem. Eng., 20(6): 1054-1065. Suthar, S. 2009. Vermistabilization of municipal sewage sludge amended with sugarcane trash using epigeic Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). J. Hazard. Mater., 163(1): 199-206.
Literature cited 2: Hao, X. and C. Chang. 2003. Does long-term heavy cattle manure application increase salinity of a clay loam soil in semi-arid southern Alberta. Agric. Ecosystems Env., 94(1): 89-103. Suthar, S. 2010. Pilot-scale vermireactors for sewage sludge stabilization and metal remediation process: Comparison with small-scale vermireactors. Ecol. Eng., 36(5): 703-712.

ID: 65389
Title: Removal Of A Dye From The Textile Industry By Adsorption On Natural Pozzolana
Author: Miloud Hamadache, Samir Bekheira, Zohra Dali-Youcef and Beloufa Nabil
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 673-680 2021.
Subject: Removal Of A Dye From The Textile Industry By Adsorption On Natural Pozzolana
Keywords: Natural pozzolana, Yellow dye G, Adsorption isotherms, Kinetics study, Thermodynamic study
Abstract: In the present work, study of the adsorption of the yellow dye G (azo type) which is found in the discharges of a textile factory ENADITEX of the industrial zone of wilaya of Oran, Algeria on pozzolana which is a natural and easily available adsorbent was conducted. Experimental results showed that the adsorption of the yellow dye G on pozzolana showed a removal rate of 78.80% for a maximum time of 60 min at initial pH (13.09) and room temperature. The study of isotherms revealed that both Freundlich and Temkin models fit well with the process of dye adsorption. The kinetic data were modelled by the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations and reveal that the adsorption of the yellow dye G is governed by the second order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study indicates that the adsorption process is of spontaneous physical and endothermic nature.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Khan, A. J., et al. 2020. Mesoporous silica MCM-41, SBA-15 and derived bridged polysilsesquioxane SBA-PMDA for the selective removal of textile reactive dyes from wastewater. J. Molecular Liquids. 298. Rehman, F., A. Rahim and C. Airoldi. 2016. Preparation and characterization of glycidyl-methacry-lateorgano bridges grafted mesoporous silica SBA-15 as ibuprofen and mesalamine carrier for controlled release. Mater. Sci. Eng., 59: 970-979.
Literature cited 2: Carmen, Z. and S. Daniela. 2012. Textile organic dyes – Characteristics, polluting effects and separation/elimination procedures from industrial effluents – A critical overview. Organic pollutants ten years after the Stockholm convention – Environmental and analytical update. DOI: 10.5772/32373. Natali, F., et al. 2011. Removal of Remazol Black B textile dye from aqueous solution by adsorption. Desalination. 269: 92-103.

ID: 65388
Title: Pilot Plant Of SHEFROL Phytoremediation Technology For Treating Greywater Of A Typical Indian Village
Author: M. A. Bhat, Tasneem Abbasi and S. A. Abbasi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 668-672 2021.
Subject: Pilot Plant Of SHEFROL Phytoremediation Technology For Treating Greywater Of A Typical Indian Village
Keywords: Greywater, Water hyacinth, Salvinia, Treatment, SHEFROL bioreactor
Abstract: The appropriateness of a recently patented phytoremediation technology based on a sheet flow root level (SHEFROL®) bioreactor was tested by installing and operating a pilot plant in a typical Indian village (Chinnakalapet, Puducherry). The system was able to handle significant diurnal variations in greywater inflows and strength with remarkable robustness. It reduced suspended solids, chemical and biological oxygen demands and total Kjeldahl nitrogen of the greywater to the extents of 96.1±1.5, 79.8±3.3, 77.7±0.4 and 41.8±3.9% at hydraulic retention time of just 2.2±0.3 hr. The treated water met the standards of discharge on land set by India’s Central Pollution Control Board.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Narain, S. and P. Pandey. 2012. Excreta matters: State of India’s environment: A citizens report (series 7). Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi. Narain, S., C. Bhushan and R. Mahapatra. 2016. State of India’s environment (1st edn): A down to earth annual. Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi.
Literature cited 2: Abbasi, S. A., S. Gajalakshmi and T. Abbasi. 2012. Zero waste generating, zero chemical using, high rate wastewater treatment system- SHEFROL®. J. Patent Office. 5: 7611. Abbasi, S. A. and S. M. Tauseef. 2018a. Rapid treatment of greywater (household sewage) by terrestrial weed Achyranthes aspera in SHEFROL® reactors. Env. Progress Sustainable Energy. 38(2): 467-476.

ID: 65387
Title: Sequential Extraction Of Heavy Metals In Soils Evolving From Dumping Of Municipal Solid Wastes
Author: Pravas Kumar Jee and Asoke Prasun Chattopadhyay
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (6) June. 21 page 663-667 2021.
Subject: Sequential Extraction Of Heavy Metals In Soils Evolving From Dumping Of Municipal Solid Wastes
Keywords: Dhapa, Municipal solid waste, Heavy metals, Sequential extraction, Bioavailability
Abstract: Twenty five sub-surface soil samples collected from agricultural fields, used to cultivate local vegetables adjoining the open municipal solid waste dumpsite in Dhapa of Kolkata town, were analyzed for some heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni and Cr) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The analysis of the aqua regia digestion for total metal showed an average concentration of Cu (465.32±7.6 ppm), Pb (679.09±5.78 ppm), Mn (987.35±8.84 ppm), Zn (1982.37±10.52 ppm), Ni (67.39±4.21 ppm) and Cr (595.61±6.28 ppm). The concentration of Cr, Pb and Zn in the soil evolved from solid waste dumping was exceptionally high in comparison to the Indian compost standard. Sequential extraction studies were also carried out for the metals using Tessier method [1]. Most of the Cr, Pb and Ni were found to be associated with the residual fraction whereas Zn and Mn were more in the reducible phase. Cu was found to be present more in the oxidizable phase. The bioavailability order (sum of exchangeable and acid extractable phase) of metals was Ni > Mn > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cr. The recovery obtained by comparing the aqua regia extracted metal content with the sum of sequentially extracted fractions was in the range of 101–108%.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Tessier, A. and P.G.C. Campbell. 1998. Metal speciation: Theory, analysis and applications. Ed J. R. Kramer and H. E. Allen. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea. USEPA. 2002. Municipal solid waste. Available at http://www.USEPA/municipalwaste/publication.net
Literature cited 2: Lottermoser, W., et al. 1985. The toxic effects of solid wastes are known to be greatly influenced by their heavy metal contents. Das, A. K., et al. 1995. Metal speciation in solid matrices. Talanta. 42: 1007-1030.