ID: 65506
Title: Machine learning algorithms for predicting rainfall in India
Author: Sandip Garai, Ranjit Kumar Paul, Md. Yeasin , H. S. Roy and A. K. Paul
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (3) 360-367 10 Feb (2024)
Subject: Machine learning algorithms for predicting rainfall in India
Keywords: Climate change, crop planning, empirical comparison, machine learning, prediction, rainfall
Abstract: Due to the changing climate and frequent occurrence of
extreme events, farmers face significant challenges.
Precise rainfall prediction is necessary for proper crop
planning. The presence of nonlinearity and chaotic
structure in the historical rainfall series distorts the
performances of the usual prediction models. In the
present study, algorithms based on complete ensemble
empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise combined with stochastic models like autoregressive integrated moving average and generalized autoregressive
conditional heteroscedasticity; machine learning techniques like random forest, artificial neural network,
support vector regression and kernel ridge regression
(KRR) have been proposed for predicting rainfall series.
KRR has been considered to combine predicted intrinsic
mode functions and residuals generated by various algorithms to capture the volatility in the series. The proposed algorithms have been applied for predicting
rainfall in three selected subdivisions of India, namely,
Assam and Meghalaya, Konkan and Goa, and Punjab.
An empirical comparison of the proposed algorithms
with the existing models revealed that the developed
models have outperformed the latter.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dutta, S., Medhi, H., Karmaker, T., Singh, Y., Prabu, I. and Dutta,
U., Probabilistic flood hazard mapping for embankment breaching.
ISH J. Hydraul. Eng., 2010, 16, 15–25.
Paul, R. K., Prajneshu and Ghosh, H., Statistical modelling for
forecasting of wheat yield based on weather variables. Indian
J. Agric. Sci., 2013, 83, 180–183.
Literature cited 2: Yu, L., Zhang, X. and Wang, S., Assessing potentiality of support
vector machine method in crude oil price forecasting. EURASIA
J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ., 2017, 13, 7893–7904.
Wei, Y., Wang, Y. and Huang, D., Forecasting crude oil market
volatility: further evidence using GARCH-class models. Energy
Econ., 2010, 32, 1477–1484.
ID: 65505
Title: Sources of rare earths and prospects for a viable REE deposit in river sediments of Kerala, southwest India
Author: Shaik Sai Babu , A. Prajith , V. Purnachandra Rao, M. Ram Mohan , R. V. Ramana and N. Satyasree
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (3) 345-359 10 Feb (2024)
Subject: Sources of rare earths and prospects for a viable REE deposit in river sediments of Kerala, southwest India
Keywords: Clay and silt fractions, Kerala, laterite, rare earth elements, river sediments.
Abstract: Studies on rare earth elements (REEs) of river sediments from Kerala, India indicate that the average total REE (ΣREE) of clay and silt-sized fractions is much
higher than in Post-Archaean average Australian Shale
(PAAS). Peak high ΣREE for the clay fraction is found
in the rivers of central Kerala and, for the silt fraction,
it is in south and central Kerala. ΣREE shows a moderate to strong correlation with Mn and P and, no correlation with Al, Fe and Ti in both size fractions. ΣREE
also shows no correlation with heavy metals in the clay
fraction but a strong correlation in silt fraction. PAASnormalized REE shows MREE-enrichment in almost
all the samples. Further, LREE-enriched and HREEdepleted REE patterns are characteristic of sediments
from south and central Kerala, and HREE-enriched or
flat REE patterns are characteristic of sediments from
north Kerala. Weak positive or weak negative Ce
anomalies are characteristic of the sediments. The Eu
anomaly is negative in a few silt fractions from south
Kerala and positive in all other sediments. Sm/Nd ratios
are high in the clay fraction and decrease with increasing ΣREE for the sediments of central Kerala. REE
enrichment and REE patterns are related to the felsic
component and heavy mineral content in the sediments
of south Kerala, adsorbed REE associated with the
weathering products of laterites in the sediments of
central Kerala, and the dominance of mafic component
in the sediments of north Kerala. The river sediments
of central Kerala may serve as a viable REE deposit
because of their high REE content, inexpensive mining,
easy recovery and extraction of REE. Only 21 out of 41
rivers of Kerala were analysed in this study. Detailed
exploration in other rivers may expand and confirm
the potential REE deposits and their economic viability. This REE deposit is different from the placer sand
deposits on the beaches of south Kerala.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Nesbitt, H. W., Mobility and fractionation of rare earth elements
during weathering of a granodiorite. Nature, 1979, 279, 206–210.
2. Taylor, S. R., Rudnick, R. L., McLennan, S. M. and Eriksson, K.
A., Rare earth element patterns in Archean high-grade metasediments and their tectonic significance. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,
1986, 50, 2267–2279.
Literature cited 2: McLennan, S. M., Rare earth elements in sedimentary rocks: influence of provenance and sedimentary processes. Rev. Mineral.,
1989, 21, 169–200.
Singh, P. and Rajamani, V., REE geochemistry of recent clastic
sediments from the Kaveri floodplains, southern India: implication
to source area weathering and sedimentary processes. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, 2001, 65, 3093–3108.
ID: 65504
Title: A hybrid of GNSS remote sensing and ground-based laser technology for geo-referenced surveying in mining
Author: Amar Prakash, Aniket Verma, Anand Sharma, Prerna Jaiswal and Sujit K. Mandal
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (3) 336-344 10 Feb (2024)
Subject: A hybrid of GNSS remote sensing and ground-based laser technology for geo-referenced surveying in mining
Keywords: Georeferenced surveying, hybrid technology, laser scanner, remote sensing, Stone Mine
Abstract: Rapid, precise and frugal surveying is a strategic factor
in the present mechanized mining environment owing
to rapid surface profile transformation in a short period.
Determination of global coordinates with high accuracy
using the satellite-based global navigation satellite system
(GNSS) has been studied in the mining arena and is
gradually becoming an essential component. A case study
of Khanak Stone Mine, Haryana, India, is discussed
here, highlighting the combination of GNSS system
and terrestrial laser scanner for the preparation of a
surface profile of a rugged terrain with the key objective to determine the precise in situ rock excavation in
periodical phases. The actual tonnage of rock produced/
transported from the mine has been calculated by determining the in situ density and bulk density in the
laboratory. The study reveals that this survey of approach is apt to achieve quality plan and to obtain the goal
of actual tonnage of rocks excavated
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Rapid, precise and frugal surveying is a strategic factor
in the present mechanized mining environment owing
to rapid surface profile transformation in a short period.
Determination of global coordinates with high accuracy
using the satellite-based global navigation satellite system
(GNSS) has been studied in the mining arena and is
gradually becoming an essential component. A case study
of Khanak Stone Mine, Haryana, India, is discussed
here, highlighting the combination of GNSS system
and terrestrial laser scanner for the preparation of a
surface profile of a rugged terrain with the key objective to determine the precise in situ rock excavation in
periodical phases. The actual tonnage of rock produced/
transported from the mine has been calculated by determining the in situ density and bulk density in the
laboratory. The study reveals that this survey of approach is apt to achieve quality plan and to obtain the goal
of actual tonnage of rocks excavated
Literature cited 2: Pini, M., Falco, G. and Presti, L. L., Estimation of satellite-user
ranges through GNSS code phase measurements. In Global Navigation Satellite Systems Signal – Theory and Applications (ed. Jin,
S.), InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, 2012.
Yuwono, H. E. Y., Cahyadi, M. N., Rahmadiansah, A., Yudha, I. S.
and Sari, A., Assessment of the single frequency low cost GPS
RTK positioning. In Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series:
Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 280, IOP Publishing,
Bristol, UK, 2018
ID: 65503
Title: Advancing GIS map maintenance: change detection and update using ResU-Net: a case study on Chandigarh and Hyderabad cities, India
Author: S. Vasavi, Dibyaranjan Parida , N. Malathi , M. Sobhana and Reedhi Shukla
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (3) 326-335 10 Feb (2024)
Subject: Advancing GIS map maintenance: change detection and update using ResU-Net: a case study on Chandigarh and Hyderabad cities, India
Keywords: Change detection, digital maps, geographical data, remote sensing, urban planning
Abstract: India’s metropolitan cities have been growing rapidly
for many years. To keep geographical information accurate and current, it is essential to update GIS maps.
Traditionally, experts have analysed new data sources
and made necessary adjustments to the maps manually.
Such manual monitoring is a laborious test both economically and in terms of workforce. Geographical data
are transformed into digital maps by GIS mapping,
making it simple to spot patterns, trends and linkages.
Extraction of humanmade objects, such as roads, water
bodies and buildings, from remotely sensed imageries
holds significance in various urban applications, including
urban land-use and land-cover assessment, geographical database updates and change detection. Cartosat-3
data can provide detailed information about buildings
and their changes over time. Additionally, GIS maps
are manually updated by rasterizing vector data. The
suggested system consists of ResNet and U-Net architecture as its core. The bi-temporal images are initially coregistered to completely align 2020 and 2022 satellite
images with respect to the coordinates. Buildings are
then segmented using U-Net with ResNet as the backbone, and the resultant segments are converted from
raster to vector format. The suggested model has been
tested and trained using the Chandigarh dataset, which
resulted in an accuracy of 95%
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Wieland, M., Martinis, S., Kiefl, R. and Gstaiger, V., Semantic
segmentation of water bodies in very high-resolution satellite and aerial images. Remote Sensing Environ., 2023, 287, 113452; https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113452.
Mattyus, G., Luo, M. and Urtasun, R., DeepRoadMapper: extracting road topology from aerial images. In Proceedings of the IEEE
International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), 2017, pp.
3438–3446.
Literature cited 2: Vasavi, S., Priyadarshini, N. K. and Harshavaradhan, K., Invariant
feature based Darknet Architecture for moving object classification.
IEEE Sensors J., 2021, 21(10), 11417–11426; doi:10.1109/JSEN.
2020.3007883.
Chandigarh Administration; https://chandigarh.gov.in/ (accessed on
12 March 2023).
ID: 65502
Title: The influence of type-2 diabetes on cataract and their shared genetic basis through relevant genome-wide association studies
Author: Janaki Sneha, Saravanan Yogaprabhu , Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Viswanathan Mohan and Venkatesan Radha
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (3) 320-325 10 Feb (2024)
Subject: The influence of type-2 diabetes on cataract and their shared genetic basis through relevant genome-wide association studies
Keywords: Aldose reductase, diabetic cataract, genomewide association studies, polygenic risk score, sorbitol dehydrogenase
Abstract: Cataract in type-2 diabetes (T2D) patients is a secondary
complication and one of the leading causes of vision
loss next to diabetic retinopathy. Various factors such
as age, gender, diabetes duration, HbA1c, BMI and genetics contribute towards cataractogenesis. The genetic
predisposition of patients with T2D to develop cataract
remains unanswered. It is important to examine the
underlying genetic etiology of cataract in T2D through
large-scale genetic studies. Since there have been only
a handful of genome-wide association studies (GWAS)
on T2D-influenced cataract, multiple studies from various ethnicities are warranted to substantiate if T2D
truly influences the development of cataract. This study
provides an overview of possible mechanisms and factors
that trigger the development of cataract in T2D patients,
relevant GWAS and the role of genes associated with
T2D-associated cataract.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pradeepa, R. and Mohan, V., Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in
India. Indian J. Ophthalmol., 2021, 69(11), 2932–2938.
Radha, V. and Mohan, V., Genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes
among Asian Indians. Indian J. Med. Res., 2007, 125(3), 259–274.
Literature cited 2: Sanghera, D. K. and Blackett, P. R., Type 2 diabetes genetics: beyond GWAS. J. Diabetes Metab., 2012, 3(198), 6948.
Magliano, D. J. and Boyko, E. J., IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition
scientific committee. IDF DIABETES ATLAS [Internet]. 10th edn.
International Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium, 2021.
ID: 65501
Title: National Geospatial Policy: perspectives on height systems, vertical datums and gravimetric geoid modelling in India
Author: Ropesh Goyal and Onkar Dikshit
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (3) 309-319 10 Feb (2024)
Subject: National Geospatial Policy: perspectives on height systems, vertical datums and gravimetric geoid modelling in India
Keywords: Geoid model, geospatial guidelines, height system, National Geospatial Policy, vertical datum.
Abstract: The National Geospatial Policy (NGP) and guidelines of India mention that the threshold value for
vertical or elevation shall be 3 m. However, the terms ‘height’, ‘elevation’ or ‘vertical’ alone are not
sufficiently self-explanatory. Therefore, this article provides an overview of India’s height systems,
vertical datums and vertical reference surfaces. The ellipsoidal heights obtained from GNSS have
been discussed briefly, but the main focus remains on the physical height, commonly known as
heights above mean sea level. This is because only the latter is used for large infrastructural projects
and contouring in topographical maps. The geoid, a geopotential surface by definition, is the best
candidate for a vertical reference surface. Some countries also employ quasigeoid, but India has always
pursued geoid. Developing a geoid model is also one of the milestones for 2025 in the NGP. Geoid
modelling has been studied in India for over a century but has never been discussed in detail. This
article comprehensively discusses all the pertinent information on heights and vertical reference surfaces used in the country, which is important for various stakeholders and users of the NGP and
guidelines. Some suggestions towards the successful implementation of the NGP in terms of maintaining consistency and avoiding duplication in densifying the national fundamental elevation dataset and a roadmap for developing the consistently precise national geoid model have also been
provided for consideration by the national agencies and engineering surveyors.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Goyal, R., Tiwari, A., Dikshit, O. and Balasubramanian, N., Draft
National Geospatial Policy: a few salient observations. Curr. Sci.,
2022, 123(3), 256–258.
DST, Draft National Geospatial Policy, Department of Science and
Technology, Government of India, 2021, p. 24; https://dst.gov.in/
sites/default/files/Draft%20NGP%2C%202021.pdf (accessed on 12
September 2022).
Literature cited 2: Goyal, R., Dikshit, O. and Tiwari, A., National Geospatial Policy:
status of the Indian geodetic data. Curr. Sci., 2023, online first.
https://www.currentscience.ac.in/data/forthcoming/684.pdf
Heiskanen, W. A. and Moritz, H., Physical Geodesy, W H Freeman
and Co, San Francisco, USA, 1967, p. 364.
ID: 65500
Title: Theoretical modelling of alpha particle-induced X-ray signals from the lunar surface
Author: Debabrata Banerjee
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (3) 307-308 10 Feb (2024)
Subject: Theoretical modelling of alpha particle-induced X-ray signals from the lunar surface
Keywords: None
Abstract: The elemental composition of a planetary
surface can be deduced from in situ measurements by remote sensing techniques or
laboratory analysis of the returned samples.
Compositional maps of the moon, Mars and
asteroids have been obtained using remote
sensing X-ray1 and gamma-ray2 spectroscopy in the last six decades of planetary
exploration. With respect to lunar science,
the magnesium number, i.e. MgO/(MgO +
FeO) estimation is considered significant
for understanding lunar origin. Determination of the abundance of major elements in
the South Pole Aitkin Basin at high spatial
resolution will improve our knowledge regarding the early evolution of the moon
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Clark, P. E. and Trombka, J. I., J. Geophys. Res., 1997, 102, 16361–16384.
Banerjee, D. and Gasnault, O., J. Geophys.
Res., 2008; doi:10.1029/2007JE003046
Literature cited 2: Petro, N. E. and Pieters, C. M., J. Geophys.
Res., 2004; doi:10.1029/2003JE002182.
Jenkins, R. and Devries, J., In Practical Xray Spectrometry, Springer Verlag, New
York, USA, 1967, p. 200.
ID: 65499
Title: Assured access to neutron and muon sources at RAL, UK under the DST–STFC collaboration
Author: Rahul Kumar and A. Sundaresan, Poonam Yadav
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (3) 304-306 10 Feb (2024)
Subject: Assured access to neutron and muon sources at RAL, UK under the DST–STFC collaboration
Keywords: None
Abstract: The DST-RAL project is a collaborative
agreement between the Department of Science and Technology (DST), India, and the
Science and Technology Facility Council
(STFC), the United Kingdom, representing
a cutting-edge initiative to enhance and
streamline access to neutron and muon facilities at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), UK. This project is dedicated
to advancing research in nanoscience and
technology, focusing on quantum materials,
energy, advanced engineering and healthcare. The main objectives of this project
are to nurture researchers, enhance instrumental resources, and foster collaborations
in neutron and muon techniques.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:
ID: 65498
Title: Raj-Prathama: India’s first Marwari filly born through embryo transfer technology
Author: Thirumala Rao Talluri, Sajjan Kumar, Yash Pal, Ram Avtar Legha, Ramesh Kumar Dedar and Tarun Kumar Bhattacharya
Editor: S.K. Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 126 (3) 303-304 10 Feb (2024)
Subject: Raj-Prathama: India’s first Marwari filly born through embryo transfer technology
Keywords: None
Abstract: Horses have been a symbol of bravery,
power and vigour, as well as a means of
fast movement and transport since ancient
times. India is a complex amalgamation of
varying terrains and climatic conditions, in
which different species of the family Equidae are used in diverse roles. The country
is bestowed with a rich biodiversity of
equids and this is reflected in the form of
seven distinct horse breeds, namely Kathiawari, Marwari, Spiti, Zanskari, Bhutia,
Manipuri and recently recognized Kachchhi–Sindhi breed
. The equine population
is declining (continuously, which reflects
its fast reducing economic and social importance due to continuous mechanization
of agriculture and transport, and little efforts
in genetic improvement through selection)
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pal, Y. et al., Indian J. Anim. Res., 2020,
55(11), 1371–1376; 10.18805/IJAR.B-4221.
GoI, Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics,
Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry &
Dairying, Government of India, 2022; http://
dahd.nic.in
Literature cited 2: Talluri, T. R. et al., Indian J. Anim. Sci.,
2016, 86(2), 163–167; https://doi.org/10.
56093/ijans.v86i2.55797.
Talluri, T. R. et al., Indian J. Anim. Sci.,
2021, 90(10), 1414–1417; https://doi.org/10.
56093/ijans.v90i10.111418.
ID: 65497
Title: Development Of Particulate Matter Pollution Indices For Monitoring The Ambient Air Quality In Part Of Chennai, India
Author: R.M. Narayanan and S. Laxmipriya
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1454-1456 2021.
Subject: Development Of Particulate Matter Pollution Indices For Monitoring The Ambient Air Quality In Part Of Chennai, India
Keywords: Particulate matter pollution indices, Ambient air quality, Particulate pollution, Human health, Impact zonation, GIS mapping
Abstract: This research work deals with the formulation of particulate matter pollution indices (PMPI) based on the impact of three major pollutants (PM1, PM10 and PM2.5) based on the considerations of WHO standards. Concentrations of particulate matter from 6 sampling stations were analyzed and looked upon for the development of proposed index. This will be helpful to both public and officials to take precautionary steps for the safekeeping of people. Results along the selected stations show that the permissible limits exceeded at most sites with a low to very high PMPI category concerning the concentration of particulate matter. This study resulted in extremely harmful pollution concentration among the residents and their health.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Addi, A., et al. 2020. A symptomatic COVID-19 infection management: The key to stop COVID-19. J. Clin. Exp. Investing., 11(3).
Nguyen, T.N.T., et al. 2019. Air pollution monitoring network using low-cost sensors: A case study in Hanoi, Vietnam. IOP Conference Series: Earth Env. Sci., 266 (1).
Literature cited 2: Jeong, H.S., et al. 2011. A study on characteristics of particulate matter in the Seoul metropolitan subway. Epidermiol., 22:PS47.
Greenstone, M., et al. The solvable challenge of air pollution in India. Available at: www.ncaer.org.
ID: 65496
Title: A Study On Water Quality Of The River Ganga In Uttar Pradesh, India- A Physico-chemical And Statistical Analysis
Author: Seema Singh, Ruchi Saxena and Ashok Kumar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1445-1453 2021.
Subject: A Study On Water Quality Of The River Ganga In Uttar Pradesh, India- A Physico-chemical And Statistical Analysis
Keywords: Water quality, Ganga, Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Total coliform bacteria
Abstract: Severe pollution due to various anthropogenic activities is causing an imbalance in the Ganga ecosystem ultimately reducing its potential of being a natural water resource. In the present study, the five-year data (2015-2019) for water quality in the river Ganga has been assessed statistically for paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and estimated marginal means at Kannauj, Kanpur, Prayagraj and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. Monthly values of physico-chemical parameters, namely dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total coliform bacteria (TCB) have been determined and taken as markers to assess water quality. The key findings of the statistical analysis by repeated-measures ANOVA test revealed that the DO in 2019 became significant at Prayagraj, Kanpur and Varanasi. The estimated marginal means of BOD downstream at Prayagraj and Varanasi fell from 4. 5 mg/L and 5.8 mg/L in 2017 to 2.8 mg/L and 3.8 mg/L in 2019, respectively. The value of TCB downstream at Prayagraj in 2016 reached a maximum of 44,000 MPN/100 mL which decreased to 21,000 MPN/100 mL in 2018 and 18,000 MPN/100 mL in 2019 implying an overall decrease in pollution. This is attributed to better management of municipal solid waste and an increase in the volume of water under the Namami Gange project.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: NASI. 2011. The Ganga gallery – A brief description. The National Academy of Science, India.
Rai, B. 2013. Pollution and conservation of Ganga river in modern India. Int. J. Sci. Res., 3(4): 1-4.
Literature cited 2: CPCB. 2020. Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF), Government of India.
2016. National mission for clean Ganga. Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India.
ID: 65495
Title: Erosion Studies On Biochar Derived From Cashew Nut Waste Reinforced Polyester Composites For Environmental Protection
Author: V. Arumugaprabu, R. Sundarakannan, P. Venkatesh, G.S. Yogesh Kumar and V. Sakthivel
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1441-1444 2021.
Subject: Erosion Studies On Biochar Derived From Cashew Nut Waste Reinforced Polyester Composites For Environmental Protection
Keywords: Polymer composites, Biochar, Pyrolysis process, Erosion rate
Abstract: This research focuses on the preparation of biochar and its usage as a novel filler and reinforcement against polyester composite manufacturing. Biochar was extracted from the cashew nut waste by undergoing pyrolysis process. Among the various polymer family available, unsaturated polyester resin was used as a matrix material whereas novel biochar filler was used as reinforcement. The composites were fabricated using solution dispersion method. Biochar of varying weights (5%, 10% and 15%) were taken for this study. The prepared specimens were subjected to erosion study using an air jet erosion test rig. Erosion studies have been performed for a fixed time of 4 min and fixed erodent discharge rate of 3 g/min with varying parameters, such as impact angle of 300, 600 and 900; velocity of 72, 100 and 129 m/s. The erosion failure mechanism of the prepared composite was also discussed for the above-selected parameter briefly. The reuse of cashew nut waste drastically reduces the environmental pollution caused due to its disposal.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Kalia, S., B. S. Kaith and I. Kaur. 2009. Pretreatments of natural fibers and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites- a review, Polymer Eng. Sci., 49(7):1253-1272.
Sundarakannan, R., et al. 2020. Mechanical property analysis of biochar derived from cashew nut shell waste reinforced polymer matrix. Mater. Res. Express. 6(12):125349.
Literature cited 2: Richard, S., J. S. Rajadurai and V. Manikandan. 2016. Influence of particle size and particle loading on mechanical and dielectric properties of biochar particulate-reinforced polymer nanocom-posites. Int. J. Polymer Anal.
Characterization. 21(6): 462-477.
Oladele, I. O., et al. 2019. Influence of biodegradation on the tensile and wear resistance properties of bio-derived CaCO3/epoxy composites. J. Polymer Res., 26(1): 16.
ID: 65494
Title: Comparative Study of Activated Sludge Process Enhanced Pyrethrin and Permethrin Biodegradation
Author: G.N. Nirmala and Sandra Jose
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1435-1440 2021.
Subject: Comparative Study of Activated Sludge Process Enhanced Pyrethrin and Permethrin Biodegradation
Keywords: Bioremediation, Permethrin, Pyrethrin, Biological oxygen demand, Chemical oxygen demand, Bacterial concentration, Synthetic effluent, bacterial concentration, toxicity
Abstract: Bioremediation using activated sludge have been conducted to estimate the degradability of insecticidal compounds, like permethrin and pyrethrin. In this study, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined to correlate the biodegradable nature of the compounds. The sludge and synthetic effluent collected was analysed for the biochemical characteristics. The average COD and biodegradability index (BI) of the investigated pyrethrin sample indicated that the compound was fairly biodegradable while permethrin was relatively non-biodegradable. On reaching a bacterial concentration of 5500 µg/mL, 86% and 98% of BOD and COD reduction was achieved for pyrethrin but less than 2% of BOD reduction was observed for permethrin. Assessment of BI value periodically and comparing it to the average value for a compound can aid in monitoring the presence of toxic and non-biodegradable substance.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Sanchez-Bayo, F., K. Goka and D. Hayasaka. 2016. Contamination of the aquatic environment with neonicotinoids and its implication for ecosystems. Frontiers Env. Sci., 4:71.
Hidaka, H., et al. 1992. Photocatalytic degradation of the hydrophobic pesticide permethrin in fluoro surfactant/TiO2aqueous dispersions. Chemosphere. 25(11):1589-1597.
Literature cited 2: Ojiako, F.O., et al. 2015. Comparative performance of pyrethrum [Chysanthemum cinerariifolium. Treviranus (Vis.)] extract and cypermethrin on some field insect pests of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) in south-eastern Nigeria. J. Exp. Agric. Int., 96-106.
Jin, Y., et al. 2008. Induction of hepatic estrogen-responsive gene transcription by permethrin enantiomers in mala adult zebrafish. Aquatic Toxicol., 88(2):146-152.
ID: 65493
Title: Forecasting Of Consumption Of Fertilizers In India: An Alarming Condition
Author: Shiv Kumar Singh Pundhir, Sandeep Kumar and Anand Kumar Gupta
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1428-1434 2021.
Subject: Forecasting Of Consumption Of Fertilizers In India: An Alarming Condition
Keywords: Fertilizers, Forecasting, Least square method, Trend equation
Abstract: From ancient times, human’s basic needs were food and shelter. The development of various civilizations shows that humans were developing for food from hunting animals to farming crops. So many wars were fought to get food security. Even in developed civilizations, humans started to work hard to get sufficient food. Worldwide different types of crops were produced to feed humans. In India, the majority of the population is dependent on farming. Initially, Indian farmers produced crops with the help of natural fertilizers, which were homemade and eco-friendly. These fertilizers did not have any side effects on soil and human health. When the population started increasing rapidly and agricultural land was decreasing due to industrialization, farmers started to use industry-manufactured fertilizers. With the help of these fertilizers, farmers can increase crop yield. But we cannot neglect the side effects of these fertilizers on the environment and human health. These fertilizers damage soil quality and cause water and air pollution. In-country, like India, where a mass population is dependent on agriculture, the long-term use of these fertilizers will damage environmental balance and will be harmful to human health. In this work in place of biological analysis of fertilizers, a mathematical model is developed to forecast the use of fertilizers so that we can be aware of how fertilizer consumption is increasing in India.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Stamati, P.N., et al. 2016. Chemical pesticides and human health: The urgent need for a new concept in agriculture. Front. Public Health. 4:148.
Kulkarni, S. and A. Goswami. 2019. Effect of excess fertilizers and nutrients: A review on impact on plants and human population. Proceedings of International Conference on Sustainable computing in science, technology and management (SUSCOM), Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
Literature cited 2: Patra, S., et al. 2016. Modeling impacts of chemical fertilizer on agricultural production: A case study on Hooghly district, West Bengal, India. Modeling Earth Systems Env., 2:1-11.
Kumari, K.A., N. Kumar and N. Rao. 2014. Adverse effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on human health and environment. National Seminar on Impact of toxic metals, minerals and solvents leading to environmental pollution. J. Chem. Pharma. Sci., 3: 150-153.
ID: 65492
Title: Phosphorus Adsorption Using Kinetic Models Of Some Soils Of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Author: Mesfin Kassa and M. Senapathy
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2021
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 41 (12) Dec. 21 page 1418-1427 2021.
Subject: Phosphorus Adsorption Using Kinetic Models Of Some Soils Of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Keywords: Acidic soil, adsorption isotherm models, Soil properties, Standard phosphorous requirement
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) adsorption, in soils is a key cycle overseeing its accessibility for crops, characteristics were determined in four soils in Wolaita of Southern Ethiopia. 3 g of soil was equilibrated in 30 mL of 0.01 M CaCl2 containing KH2PO4 in 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg P/L. Kinetic models, like Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Van Hauy were applied on four soils; kinetic parameters (b, Kf, a and m) showed values 0.36-1.53, 147.91- 851.13, 2.29-3.48, 0.11-0.16 mg/kg for selected soils. In soils 1, 3 and 4 Van Hauy model demonstrated predominance over different models, while in soils 2 and 3 Freundlich model demonstrated better results. Notwithstanding, in soil 2 both Freundlich and Temkin models showed results within standard. Langmuir models was found better in soil 4 (r2=0.92) followed by soil 2 (r2=0.88) aside from b and EPRF (r2=1.000** and 0.96**). The EPR (0.2 mg/L) was altogether related to kinetic model (r2=1.00***) that supports the way energy coefficient of soil is a significant file for arranging phosphorous the board techniques. Among the four soils, to keep up ideal phosphorous fixation in soil for crop development, Wolaita soil need more phosphorous manure.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Morris, M., et al. 2000. Transfer of phosphate ions between soil and solution: Perspectives in soil testing. J. Env. Qual., 29:50-59.
Elser, J.J., et al. 2014. Regime shift in fertilizer commodities indicates more turbulance ahead for food security. Plos One. 9(6):93998.
Literature cited 2: Asmare, M., et al. 2015. Phosphorus status, inorganic phosphorus forms and other physico-chemical properties of arid soils of Farta district, northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. Appl. Env. Soil. DOI: 10.1155/2015/74839.
Bereket, A., et al. 2018. Phosphorus status and adsorption characteristics of acid soils from Cheha and Dinsho districts, southern highlands of Ethiopia. Env. Syst. Res., 7(17):625-629.