Enter records

ID: 65656
Title: Thermochemical Valourization of Corn Cob Biomass Waste: Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pyrolysis Studies
Author: M.Y. Guida, B. Rebbah, N. Anter, A. Chennani, A. Medaghri-Alaoui, E. M. Rakib and A. Hannioui
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (10) Oct. 22 page 1155-1166 2022.
Subject: Thermochemical Valourization of Corn Cob Biomass Waste: Thermogravimetric Analysis and Pyrolysis Studies
Keywords: Corn cob biomass, Thermogravimetric analysis, Pyrolysis, Bio-oil, Bio-char
Abstract: In present study, decomposition analysis and pyrolysis studies of corn cob biomass waste were carried out using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and stainless-steel tubular reactor. Thermal degradation of corn cob was examined at different heating rates ranging from 2-20°C/min (2, 5, 10 and 20°C/min) in inert atmosphere between 20°C and 900°C. Friedman (FR) and Vyazovkin (VYA) methods were used to determine activation energy values for pyrolysis of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. Pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a stainless steel tubular reactor from 200-700°C with a heating rate of 5°C/min, a particle size of 0.2-0.4 mm and nitrogen flow rate of 100 mL/min, which the aim to study how temperature affects bio-oil, bio-char and gas products. Bio-oil and bio-char products were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR, XRD and column chromatography. The results of this work showed that three stages have been identified in the thermal decomposition of corn cob biomass. The apparent activation energies obtained for decomposition of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin original from corn cob were given as 151.45-172.4 KJ/mol, 204-235.87 KJ/mol and 234.45-245.8 KJ/mol, respectively. It was concluded that temperature has a significant effect on product yields. The maximum bio-oil yield of 45.6 wt% was obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C. Solid and liquid products obtained were characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and column chromatography. The analysis of liquid and solid products showed that bio-oil and bio-char from corn cob biomass could be a prospective source of renewable fuel production and values added chemical products.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Malakar, A., et al. 2021. Nanomaterials in the environment, human exposure pathway and health effects: A review. Sci. Total Env., 759:143470. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143470. Xiao, Y., et al. 2017. Bromination of petroleum coke for elemental mercury capture. J. Hazard. Mater., 336:232-239. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.20 17.04.040.
Literature cited 2: Shang, H., et al. 2013. Development of microwave induced hydrosulphurization of petroleum streams: A review. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19(4):1061-1068. Dostal, Z. and L. Ladanyi. 2018. Demands on energy storage for renewable power sources. J. Energy Storage. 18:250-255.

ID: 65655
Title: Hydrological Studies of Atlur Mandal in YSR District, andhra Pradesh using SRTM data and GIS Techniques
Author: B. Muralidhara Reddy, V. Sunitha and S.C. Subramanyam
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1146-1152 2022.
Subject: Hydrological Studies of Atlur Mandal in YSR District, andhra Pradesh using SRTM data and GIS Techniques
Keywords: Hydrological studies, Morphometric parameters, Atlur mandal, SRTM data, ArcGIS
Abstract: This study attempts to study the hydrological characteristics of Atlur area sub-watershed using geoprocessing techniques in GIS. This technique is found relevant for the extraction of study area and its drainage networks. The extracted drainage network was classified according to Strahler’s system of classification, and it reveals that the terrain exhibits dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage patterns. The study area was of fifth order to lower order streams with a drainage density value of 1.48 km/km2. The slope of basin varied from 0-450 and the slope variation is chiefly controlled by the local geology and erosion cycles. The elongation ratio of the basin is 0.63 indicating that the study area is elongated with moderate relief and steep slopes. The drainage texture of the basin is 3.1 indicating an intermediate texture that exists over the region. Remote sensing data (SRTM-DEM) coupled with geoprocessing techniques prove to be a competent tool used in morphometric analysis and evaluation of linear, slope, areal and relief aspects of morphometric parameters. Moreover, the data can be used for basin management and other hydrological studies in future.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Strahler, A.N. 1964. Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basins and channel networks. In Handbook of applied geology. Ed V.T. Chow. McGraw Hill Book Company, New York. Rastogi, R.A. and T.C. Sharma. 1976. Quantitative analysis of drainage basin characteristics. J. Soil Water Conser. India. 26(1-4):18-25.
Literature cited 2: Magesh, N.S. and N. Chandrasekar. 2012. GIS model based morphometric evaluation of Tamiraparani sub-basin, Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu, India. Arab J. Geosci., DOI:10.1007/s12517-012-0742-z. Rudraiah, M., S. Govindaiah and S.S. Vittala. 2008. Morphometry using remote sensing and GIS techniques in the sub-basins of Kagna river basin, Gulbarga district, Karnataka, India, J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens., 36:351-360.

ID: 65654
Title: Treatment of Wastewater using Bioflocculant Produced by Serratia marcesens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Author: Zinah M. Mahdi, Manar A. Ehmud and Duaa S. Khazaal
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1141-1145 2022.
Subject: Treatment of Wastewater using Bioflocculant Produced by Serratia marcesens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Keywords: Bioflocculation, Bioflocculant crude, Wastewater, S. marcesens, Turbidity
Abstract: Two local bacterial isolates were used in the production of bio flocculants that help in reducing some pollutants from wastewater. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcesens were isolated from Rustumiya wastewater treatment plant in Baghdad, Iraq. Kurane method is used in bio flocculate production and Kaolin clay test is applied for flocculation efficiency. The optimum output of bio-flocculant was obtained after an incubation period of 30°C for 48 hr, pH 7 and with an inoculum volume of 2 mL with three concentrations (100, 200 and 300 mg/L). Flocculation efficiency of 86.5%, 87.3% and 94. 5% was seen by S. marcesens, P. aeruginosa and alum, respectively. The maximum activity of reduction process was observed with chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and turbidity with P. aeruginosa (95%, 64.2%, 68.7%) and S. marcesens (65.2%, 70%, 82.7%), consecutively. P. aeruginosa showed slight but evident reduction efficiency in BOD and COD.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Zhang, C.L., Y.N. Cui and Y. Wang. 2012. Bio-floculants produced from bacteria for decolou-rization Cr removal and swine wastewater application. Sustain. Env. Res., 22(2):129-134. Minora, T., K. Ryuichiro and N. Isei. 1991. Localization of a biopolymer produced by Rhodococcus erythropolis grown on n-pentadecane. Agric. Biol. Chem., 55(10):2665-2666.
Literature cited 2: Bajaj, I.B. and R.S. Singhal. 2011. Flocculation properties of poly (y-glutamic acid) produced by Bacillus subtilis isolate. Food Bioprocess Tech., 4:745-752. Leonard, M., et al. 2012. Studies on bioflocculant production by Arthrobacter sp. Raatsa freshwater bacterium isolated from Tyume river South Africa. Int. J. Molec. Sci., 13:1054-1065.

ID: 65653
Title: Exergy, Efficiency and Economic Analysis of Bell Colman Cycle Hybrid Solar Still
Author: N. Prasanna, M. Naveen, K.S. Naveen and S. Mytil
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1133-1140 2022.
Subject: Exergy, Efficiency and Economic Analysis of Bell Colman Cycle Hybrid Solar Still
Keywords: Desalination, Hybrid still, Exergy efficiency economic analysis, Air refrigeration system
Abstract: The increment of productivity of solar desalination system is obtained by proper modification of solar still. Researchers have done extensive work on solar still by varying the operating and design parameters but productivity is still low. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the modification done on the solar still and compared it with conventional solar still. Exergy, efficiency and economic (3E) analysis was performed for the Bell Colman cycle hybrid solar still. An air refrigeration system was combined with the solar still. Refrigeration system is the best source for both heating and cooling. Experiments were carried out for both conventional and hybrid still with same operating and design parameters. Maximum productivity obtained in hybrid still was 0.863 L/m2/day. The obtained output of 3E analysis for hybrid still depicts that exergy efficiency is maximum as 24% at 15:00 hr, efficiency is maximum as 27% at 16:00 hr and thermo-economic analysis shows that cost of water produced was 0.075$/L/m2. Productivity, exergy, efficiency and cost per liter of hybrid still were compared and found to be more effective than the conventional still.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: WATER. 1993. The power, promise and turmoil of North America’s freshwater. National Geographic (Special edn). Burn, S.H., et al. 2015. Desalination techniques– A review of the opportunities for desalination in agriculture. Desalination. 364:2-16.
Literature cited 2: Khawaji, A.D., I.K. Kutubkhanah and J.M. Wie. 2008. Advances in seawater desalination technologies. Desalination. 221(1-3):47-69. Bilal, A.A., M.S. Mohsen and W. Nayfeh. 2000. Experimental study of the basin type solar still under local climate conditions. Energy Conversion Manage., 41:883-890.

ID: 65652
Title: Mechanism of Arsenic Release from Minerals and its Mitigation
Author: Ghazal Hashmi and A.R. Quaff
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1126-1132 2022.
Subject: Mechanism of Arsenic Release from Minerals and its Mitigation
Keywords: Arsenic, Mobilization, Groundwater, Remediation, Orpiment, Realgar
Abstract: Prevention of leaching of arsenic in groundwater can be effectively done by controlling the discharge from its source minerals. The design of effective methodology for source control requires in-depth knowledge about behaviour of arsenic and its minerals in groundwater and the interactions between other metals under different circumstances. In this study, determination of mechanisms of arsenic leaching, a series of leaching experiments using arsenic sulphide minerals, that is orpiment and realgar was performed at various parameters. Results from the experiment revealed that arsenic leaching increased with leaching time, dissolved oxygen and ferrous concentration and at optimum Fe (II) level, maximum value of arsenic concentration was obtained. The analysis indicates that arsenic is first released from orpiment and realgar as arsenite (III) via the primary reactions. Arsenite (III) is consequently oxidized to arsenate (V), the rate of which increases with dissolved oxygen concentration as more Fe (II) is oxidized to Fe (III). Given this, it is suggested that the oxidative dissolution of iron oxide is the dominant mechanism of arsenic release from minerals into groundwater. Based on the result obtained, a remediate method for effective control of leaching of arsenic from minerals was determined.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Madhukar, M., B.M.S. Murthy and T.H. Udaya-shankara. 2016. Sources of arsenic in groundwater and its health significance. A review. Nature Env. Poll. Tech., 15(3):971-979. Hada, S., et al. 202. Suppression of arsenic release from alkaline excavated rock by calcium dissolved from steel slag. Env. Geochem. Health. 42(11):3983-3993. DOI: 10.1007/s/0653-020-00657-5.
Literature cited 2: Smedley, P.L. and D.G. Kinniburgh. 2002. A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Appl. Geochem., 17:517-568. Huq, S.M.I., et al. 2006. Arsenic contamination in food-chain: Transfer of arsenic into food materials through groundwater irrigation. J. Health Popul. Nutr., 24(3): 305-316.

ID: 65651
Title: Ecocriticism: Environment and Covid-19
Author: Komal Rakwal and Amitabh Vikram Dwivedi
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1122-1125 2022.
Subject: Ecocriticism: Environment and Covid-19
Keywords: Ecocriticism, Covid-19, Pandemic, Environment, Pollution, Crisis, Conservation
Abstract: From air we breathe to water we drink; we are using earth’s resources at an expandable rate and in return, we are producing excess carbon dioxide by cutting trees, urban and rural development and climate change. There are certain questions that are raised and seek to address the relationship between man and nature. The paper will hopefully contribute towards the exposing and undoing of the various kinds of denialism that have held us in its tight hold. Ecocriticism continues to support and facilitate attempts to establish a sense and morally sustainable set of relationships between us, human beings and other inanimate and animate environments. human beings have been continuously destroying their own planet as they may not continue to exist. The paper highlights the Covid-19 crisis and our impact on environment. The present paper gives a summary of coronavirus, its existing state of spread and environmental and ecological risks resulting from the pandemic.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Glotfelty, C. and H. Fromm. 1996. Landmarks in literary ecology. The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in literary ecology, University of Georgia Press, Athens. Rueckert, William. 1996. Literature and ecology: An experiment in ecocriticism. Iowa Review. 9(1): 71-86.
Literature cited 2: Love, A.G. 2003. Practical ecocriticsm: Literature, biology and the environment. University of Virginia Press, London. Ali, I. and O.M. Alharbi. 2020. Covid-19: Disease, management, treatment and social impact. Sci. Total Env., 728:138861. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv. 2020.138861.

ID: 65650
Title: Bioremediation of Congo Red using wild and mutant Aspergillus flavus
Author: Kavinkumar M., Sivaselvam M., Dishonprabhu C., Iswariya Lakshmi P. and Lokesh P.
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1116-1121 2022.
Subject: Bioremediation of Congo Red using wild and mutant Aspergillus flavus
Keywords: Fungi, mutation, Congo red, Bioremediation, Textile industry
Abstract: The main cause of aquatic pollution is the water effluents from the textile industries. To bioremediate the dye some micro-organisms can be used especially, the fungus present in the soil can bioremediate the dye. The fungal strains were isolated from the dye-affected soil. The soil sample was collected from the Noyal River near A. Valasu, taluk Kangayam, district Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India. The isolated fungus was studied morphologically and confirmed as Aspergillus flavus then the fungus was subjected to physical and chemical mutagens, such as UV light and ethyl methyl sulphonate. Finally, the degradation capacity of the wild and mutant Aspergillus flavus was screened against congo red using calorimetry. it was observed that 70.58% of degradation was done by wild fungi whereas 78.43% of degradation was observed on mutant type with Congo red. Thus, it was proved that the mutant fungal strain could degrade the Congo red faster than wild-type strain.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dhanjal, N.I.K., et al. 2013. Biodegradation of textile dyes using fungal isolates. J. Env. Sci. Tech., 6(2):99-105. Rani, B., et al. 2014. Bioremediation of dyes by fungi isolated from contaminated dye effluent sites for bio-usability. Brazilian J. Microbial., 45(3):1055-1063.
Literature cited 2: Lellis, B., et al. 2019. Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organisms. Biotech. Res. Innovation. 3:275-290. Purohit, M.K. and P.V. Desai. 2014. Production, purification and in-silico characterization of azo reductase enzyme azor 1KF803342 from Pluraf-ibactor gergoviae involved in dye degradation. J. Bioremed. Biodeg., 5(2):1-7. DOI: 10.4172/2155-6199.1000217

ID: 65649
Title: Sustainable Development Through Smart Cities: Issues and Challenges
Author: Kush Kalra, Pradeep Kulshrestha and Bhanu Tanwar
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 11108-1115 2022.
Subject: Sustainable Development Through Smart Cities: Issues and Challenges
Keywords: Sustainable city, Smart environment, Green building, Pollution, Water management, Energy efficiency
Abstract: Smart city is about incorporating ‘smart thinking’ in the city’s urban design and planning with a focus on people place and planet. Cities around the world have taken a conscious effort in adopting smart city concepts and strategies to shape better cities for our environment. However, smart and sustainable city concepts need to be viewed together by integrating good planning and design into their physical and social fabric with a focus on people, place and planet alongwith information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the quality of life of the city and its people. Through technology, cities can function more efficiently and adapt to their new environments better by utilising real-time data monitoring, assessment and sharing as information is received and can optimise decision-making to better understand and improve the status quo and quality of city life. A smart and sustainable city should be discussed together and should focus on encompassing three core values—people, place and planet while highlighting planning and design with ‘smart thinking’ as the central themes of developing smart and sustainable cities. This article will explore how smart and sustainable environment is achieved when applying ‘smart thinking’ to the city’s development with various cities as a case study of the principles.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer. 2014. Climate change 2014 : Synthesis report. Contribution of groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. Calvillo, C.F., A.S. Miralles and J. Villar. 2016. Energy management and planning in smart cities. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 55:273-287. DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.133.
Literature cited 2: Khansari, N., A. Mostashari and M. Mansouri. 2014. Impacting sustainable behaviour of planning in smart city. Int. J. Sustain. Landuse Urban Plan. 1(2):46-61. Smale, R., V.B. Van and G. Spaargaren. 2017. When social practices meet smart grids: Flexibility, grid management and domestic consumption in The Netherlands. Energy Res. Soc. Sci., 34:132-140. DOI:10.1016/j.erss.2017. 06.037.

ID: 65648
Title: Rainfall Runoff Modeling for Wainganga River Sub-Basin Using HEC-HMS Model
Author: Bikram Prasad, H. L. Tiwari, R. Galkate and Shashank Khare
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1101-1107 2022.
Subject: Rainfall Runoff Modeling for Wainganga River Sub-Basin Using HEC-HMS Model
Keywords: HEC-HMS, Rainfall runoff modelling, ArcGIS 10.8, Landuse/land cover, Hydrological soil groups, Nash Sutcliffe efficiency, Coefficient of determination
Abstract: Rainfall runoff relationship in which rainfall is transformed into runoff is extremely complicated as there is non-linear variation with time and spatial distribution. Advancement of technology has played a major role in the development of many models which sorted out the problems of humans on a large scale. In this study the estimation of runoff for Wainganga river sub-basin through HEC-HMS modelling had been determined. The various landuse land cover (LULC) classes, as well as the various hydrological soil groups (HSGs), had been discussed. Different model performance characteristics had been compared after the calibration and validation process and the model’s applicability for the study area had been observed. The meteorological model was created using rainfall data in HEC-HMS and the control specifications determined the simulation run’s duration and time phase. The calibration was carried out for the time period of 2016 – 2018 with Nash Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, NSE=0.81 and coefficient of determination, R2=0.87 which proved more efficient upon validation for 2019 – 2020 with NSE=0.85 and R2=0.95. The calibrated and validated results showed a minimal difference and very good agreement between simulated and observed runoff values.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Cunderlik, M.J. 2003. Hydrologic model selection for the CFCAS project. Assessment of water resources risk and vulnerability to changing climatic conditions. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada. Giandotti, M. 1934. Forecast of floods and lean waters. Istituto Poligrafico Stato. 8: 107-117
Literature cited 2: Ouédraogo, W.A.A., J.M. Raude and J.M. Gathenya. 2018. Continuous modeling of the Mkurumudzi river catchment in Kenya using the HEC-HMS conceptual model: Calibration, validation, model performance evaluation and sensitivity analysis. Hydrol., 5(44): 1-18. doi:10.3390/hydrology5030044. Granato, G.E. 2012. Estimating basin lag time and hydrograph-timing indexes used to characterize storm flows for runoff-quality analysis: Scientific investigations report 2012-5110. U.S. Geological Survey.

ID: 65647
Title: Trace Elements in the Groundwater and their Probable Health Effects in a Kali River Segment, Ganga Basin
Author: Taqveem Ali Khan and Mukhtar Hasan Ahmad
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1094-1100 2022.
Subject: Trace Elements in the Groundwater and their Probable Health Effects in a Kali River Segment, Ganga Basin
Keywords: Trace elements, Human metabolism, drinking water, Health effects, Ganga basin
Abstract: Trace elements play a major role in human metabolism. The study is done along the Kali River stretch, which is a tributary of the river Ganga. The river Kali has, over the years, become a dumping site for industrial effluent and urban waste. Trace elements (Ni, Mn, Cu, Co, Cd and Zn) in the groundwater were found in the range of 0.002 mg/L (Cu) to 1.427 mg/L (Ni). Nickel and cadmium concentration in the groundwater is found above the permissible limit. The heavy metal pollution index is above the critical limit. Trace element exposure in infants, adults and children is assessed using hazard quotients and children are found to be most vulnerable to high Ni and Cd in the groundwater. Groundwater along the Kali River is contaminated and is a potential health hazard.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ghosh, G.C., et al. 2020. Human health risk assessment of elevated and variable iron and manganese intake with arsenic safe groundwater in Jashore, Bangladesh. Sci. Rep., 10:5206. Verma, R. 2019. Depleting groundwater costs farmers heavily. Down to Earth.
Literature cited 2: Rahaman, M.M. 2009. Principles of transboundry water resources management and Ganges treaties : An analysis. Water Resour. Develop., 25:159-173. Das, P. and K.R. Tamminga. 2012. The Ganges and the GAP: An assessment of efforts to clean a sacred river. Sustain., 4:1647-1668.

ID: 65646
Title: Small Scale Production of Bioethanol from Coffee Husk
Author: Abiyot Kelecha Geleta, Megersa Abdisa, Milkessa Fenta and Birhanu Wakwoya
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1088-1093 2022.
Subject: Small Scale Production of Bioethanol from Coffee Husk
Keywords: Coffee husk, Bioethanol, Hydrolysis, Small scale, Fermentation, Bioreactor
Abstract: Coffee husk is considered as one of the agricultural waste that contains high amount of cellulose. Furthermore, the aim of this work was valourization of coffee husks to bioethanol by using separate hydrolysis and fermentation methods which are critically used as replacements for renewable sources of energy and to minimize environmental pollution. This method was accomplished by four major experimental procedures, namely pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation processes. A reflux method for hydrolysis, commercial yeast for fermentation, rotary vapour for distillation and high performance liquid chromatography with refractive index (HPLC-RI) for detection were used. The optimum hydrolysis and fermentation times were 4 hr and 48 hr, respectively. Under the same hydrolysis and fermentation times 5.72 g/L of ethanol was calculated for the lab-scale produced bioethanol and 7.1% for small scale done in locally made bioreactor. The limits of detection and quantitation calculated from the regression line were 0.0076% and 0.025%, respectively based on 3 and 10 times the standard deviation of the calibration plot.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Adriana, S. 2020. Top coffee producing countries. World Atlas. Padmapriya, R. 2019. Coffee waste management- An overview. Int. J. Current Res., 33:9-16.
Literature cited 2: Adams, M.R. and J. Dougan. 1987. Waste products. In Coffee. Ed R.J. Clarke and R. Macrae. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd. pp 257-291. Bondesson, E. 2015. A nutritional analysis on the byproduct coffee husk and its potential utilization in food production: A literature study. Bachelor Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.

ID: 65645
Title: Optimizing Biomass Harvesting in Sustainable Manner
Author: Gulshan Sharma and Era Upadhyay
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1080-1087 2022.
Subject: Optimizing Biomass Harvesting in Sustainable Manner
Keywords: Bioenergy, Biogas plant, Sustainable management, Climate change, Rural areas
Abstract: The energy demand and change in climate have dramatically increased and created interest in alternative energies. The electricity and transportation fuel produced from biomass has potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and strengthen economy. Biogas is found to be major environmentally sound option that can be produced by livestock waste. The present study has been conducted to optimize the significant role of biomass materials in the development and utilization of bio-energy technologies in the context of climate change and greenhouse gas mitigation. We explored the opportunities related to biogas production in some villages of Haryana. Survey-based research was carried out to assess the popularity, benefits, problems and financial assistance associated. Analysis disclosed that majority of the biogas plants built were found to be functioning satisfactorily and providing energy. Although, certain challenges regarding reduced efficiency amid winter, insufficient feedstock and absence of skilled manpower were noted by the users which require to be rectified consistently for biogas generation. In order to devote India’s overall improvement, the rural zone of the country should be given proper attention.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Kothari, R., V.V. Tyagi and A. Pathak. 2010. Waste-to-energy: A way from renewable energy sources to sustainable development. Renew. Sustain. Energy Reviews. 14(9):3164-3170. Suhag, M. and A. Sisodia. 2016. Study regarding domestic biogas plants in selected villages of Kurukshetra, Haryana, India. Benefits. 6(5):22-25.
Literature cited 2: Shahzad, U. 2012. The need for renewable energy sources. Energy. 2: 16-18. Maghanaki, M., et al. 2013. Potential of biogas production in Iran. Renew. Sustain. Energy Reviews. 28:702-714.

ID: 65644
Title: Urbanization-induced Landuse Land cover Change and its impact on Land Surface Temperature: A Study using Satellite Imageries
Author: Binodini Majhi and Krishna Chandra Rath
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1071-1079 2022.
Subject: Urbanization-induced Landuse Land cover Change and its impact on Land Surface Temperature: A Study using Satellite Imageries
Keywords: Urbanization, Landuse/land cover, Land surface temperature, Urban heat island, Urban microclimate, Vegetation cover, Satellite imageries
Abstract: Urbanization brings biophysical changes in the composition of landscapes. All these changes leads to the alteration in the spatial characteristics of the landscape, which resulted in altered surface temperature in urban areas in comparison to their rural counterpart. The urban heat island (UHI) has detrimental effect on human health and functioning of ecosystem. This paper deals with the urbanization-induced landuse/land cover changes and its impact on land surface temperature (LST) and the role of vegetation in mitigating LST and UHI impacts. The study result revealed that there is significant increase in the LST of the study area from 1995 to 2017 which has resulted due to increase in built-up area and decrease in vegetation. The study documents the negative correlation exist between vegetation and LST in both the study year. An increase in built-up area and decrease in vegetation cover leads to increase in LST. The study implies that increasing vegetation cover is an effective tool for city planners to reduce the increasing LST by improving vegetation cover in critical areas.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: U.N. 2014. World’s population increasingly urban with more than half living in urban areas. United Nations. Available at : http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/worldurbanization-prospects-2014.htmL. Kotze, J., et al. 2011. Effects of urbanization on the ecology and evolution of arthropods (chapter 3). In Urban ecology : Patterns, processes and applications. Ed J. Niemela et al. pp 159-186.
Literature cited 2: Chen, X.L., et al. 2006. Remote sensing image-based analysis of the relationship between urban heat island and landuse/land cover changes. Remote Sensing Env., 104(2):133-146. DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2005. Devanathan, P. and K. Devanathan. 2011. Heat island effects. In Green building with concrete : Sustainable design and construction. Ed G.M. Sabnis. CRC Press, Florida. pp 175-226.

ID: 65643
Title: Assessing Groundwater Quality in Dong Thap Province Using Multi-variate Statistical Approach
Author: Nguyen Thanh Giao and Tran Vang Phu
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1061-1070 2022.
Subject: Assessing Groundwater Quality in Dong Thap Province Using Multi-variate Statistical Approach
Keywords: Cluster analysis, Coliform, Dong Thap, Groundwater, Principal component analysis
Abstract: This study aimed to assess groundwater quality in Dong Thap province of Vietnam using multivariate statistical analysis. The monitoring data were collected in April and September 2019 at 24 locations (namely GW1-GW24) with 20 parameters, namely temperature, pH, turbidity, hardness, chloride (Cl–), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulphates (SO42-), nitrates (N-NO3–), nitrite (N-NO2–), heavy metals (As, Fe, Mn, F, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg) and microorganisms (coliform and E. coli). Groundwater quality was compared with national technical regulations on groundwater quality (QCVN 09-MT:2015/BTNMT). Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used to evaluate the main parameters and to group groundwater quality on similarity. The results showed that groundwater was contaminated by coliform, E. coli, Cl–, TDS and Mn2+. The remaining groundwater parameters were still within the allowable limits. PCA results showed pH, turbidity, Cl–, TDS, N-NO3–, coliform, As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg and Mn2+ were the main parameters affecting groundwater quality. PCA suggested that the potential sources of groundwater pollution were human and animal wastes, geohydrological characteristics of the aquifer, quality of the surface water, underground saline intrusion, industrial and agricultural activities. CA results showed that groundwater quality in the study area formed six clusters from 24 monitoring positions due to the difference in the concentrations of Cl-, TDS, Mn2+ and coliform. The results of the present study indicated that groundwater quality was not suitable for human consumption. Proper treatments are needed. Investigating specific sources of groundwater pollution and current management practices to provide sufficient scientific information for better groundwater management are urgently needed.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Duyen, N. T.T. and T.V. Ty. 2014. Current groundwater resources assessment by water poverty index (WPI) : A case study in Soc Trang province, Vietnam. J. Sci. Can Tho University. 35:65-77. UNDP. 2006. Human development report 2006: Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. United Nation Development Programme, New York.
Literature cited 2: United Nations report. 2003. Water for people, water for life. World Water Development, USA. Department of Water Resources Management. 2013. Groundwater is seriously polluted. Hanoi, Vietnam

ID: 65642
Title: Reckoning Air Pollution based on Tolerance Index of Plant under Pre and Post-Covid-19 Lockdown Scenario
Author: Sithara K. Urumbil, Jasmine Mariya A.J. and Merin George
Editor: Dr. Jyoti Verma
Year: 2022
Publisher: Kalpana Corporation
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Indian Journal of Environmental Protection Vol 42 (9) Sep. 22 page 1051-1060 2022.
Subject: Reckoning Air Pollution based on Tolerance Index of Plant under Pre and Post-Covid-19 Lockdown Scenario
Keywords: Air pollution tolerance index, Pre and Post-Covid 19 lockdown period, Ascorbic acid content, Linear regression
Abstract: Air pollution is major environmental issue facing around the world. Covid-19 the pandemic which smashed all the socio-economic development of the countries also have an impact on human activities in all fields. The drastic reduction in transportation due to lockdown to control the spread of virus reduced the emission of toxic pollutants from vehicles. The air quality analysis studies indicated an increase in quality in post-covid lockdown period. Plants are always exposed to air pollution and they cope with increasing air pollution in various ways. Air pollution tolerance analyses were always performed to assess the tolerance and susceptibility of plants to air pollution. Large scale planting of tolerant plants in urban areas for creating green belts and reducing air pollution is a common practice. In the present scenario a comparative evaluation of air pollution tolerance index of plant was performed by comparing the tolerance index in pre and post-covid lockdown period. A reduction in tolerance index can be significantly correlated with reduction in air pollution after the lockdown period.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ashmore, M. 2013. Air pollution. In Encylopedia of biodiversity (2nd edn). pp 136-147. Fino, A. 2019. Air quality legislation. In Encyclopedia of environmental health (2nd edn). Elsevier Inc., DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.11045-0.
Literature cited 2: Hanst, P.L. 1971. Mechanism of peroxyacetyl ni trate formation. J. Air Poll. Cont. Assoc., 21(5): 269-271. WHO. 2016. Ambient air pollution : A global assessment of exposure and burden of disease. World Health Organization, Geneva.