Enter records

ID: 66019
Title: Prediction of geomagnetically induced currents in low-latitude regions using deep learning
Author: Aznilinda Zainuddin , Muhammad Asraf Hairuddin, Zatul Iffah Abd Latiff , Nornabilah Mohd Anuar , Iván Felipe Benavides , Mohamad Huzaimy Jusoh and Ahmad Ihsan Mohd Yassin
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (6) 691-700 25 Sep (2024)
Subject: Prediction of geomagnetically induced currents in low-latitude regions using deep learning
Keywords: Geomagnetic disturbance, geomagnetically induced currents, long short-term memory, low-latitude regions, multiple train-test splits.
Abstract: The present study proposes a geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) prediction model for three low-latitude locations, Huancayo, Peru, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Guam, United States. It employs the long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural networks. The model’s performance was accessed using the interleaving odd-even data split (IntOE) approach as a benchmark. The geomagnetic field variation (dB/dt) derived from geomagnetic disturbance event on 31 March 2001, is applied as the GICs’ proxy. Results showed that employing both models, LSTM and BiLSTM with block division data split markedly enhanced prediction accuracy by up to 66% compared to IntOE. However, IntOE proves to be more effective for event-based validation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Boteler, D. H., Pirjola, R. J. and Nevanlinna, H., The effects of geomagnetic disturbances on electrical systems at the Earth’s surface. Adv. Space Res., 1998, 22, 17–27. Ngwira, C. M. and Pulkkinen, A. A., An overview of science challenges pertaining to our understanding of extreme geomagnetically induced currents. In Extreme Events in Geospace: Origins, Predictability, and Consequences (ed. Buzulukova, N.), Elsevier Inc., The Netherlands, 2018, pp. 187–208.
Literature cited 2: Trivedi, N. B. et al., Geomagnetically induced currents in an electric power transmission system at low latitudes in Brazil: a case study. Space Weather, 2007, 5, 1–10. Barbosa, C. et al., Analysis of geomagnetically induced currents at a low-latitude region over the solar cycles 23 and 24: comparison between measurements and calculations. J. Space Weather Space Climate, 2015, 5, A35.

ID: 66018
Title: Unveil the causes and complications of underweight, overweight and obese among young adults
Author: Shree Pavithra Devaraju , S. Haajeera , Krishnaveni Kandasamy and Ramalingam Kameswaran
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (6) 684-690 25 Sep (2024)
Subject: Unveil the causes and complications of underweight, overweight and obese among young adults
Keywords: Diabetes, hypertension, obese, thyroid, underweight.
Abstract: Among developing countries, the prevalence of being underweight is rising when compared with the overweight and obese population in young adults have been a major public concern that will shape the future of every individual’s health. The present study aims to provide recent estimates of the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obese and its influencing factors and complications in younger adults. Among 1004, the overall prevalence rates of underweight, overweight and obese were found to be 18.8%, 12.3% and 3.7% respectively. The majority of the participants were newly diagnosed with prediabetes and prehypertension conditions, and nearly a quarter had a possible risk of developing thyroid and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Management of these health consequences decreases the progression of the risks that should be prevented.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: WHO, Obesity and overweight, World Health Organization; https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (accessed on 10 February 2023). WHO, A healthy lifestyle – WHO recommendations. World Health Organization; https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/ item/a-healthy-lifestyle---who-recommendations (accessed on 23 February 2023).
Literature cited 2: WHO, Malnutrition. World Health Organization, 2022; https:// www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/malnutrition (accessed on 23 February 2023). Prevalence of obesity, World Obesity Federation; https://www. worldobesity.org/about/about-obesity/prevalence-of-obesity (accessed on 10 February 2023).

ID: 66017
Title: National innovation system for CRISPR genome editing research in India: an empirical analysis
Author: Avishi Rajgharhia , N. Nandana , Prachi Parakh , Sarthak Sachdev , Tanya Sravan , Nidhi Singh and Navjot Kaur
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (6) 674-683 25 Sep (2024)
Subject: National innovation system for CRISPR genome editing research in India: an empirical analysis
Keywords: CRISPR research and development, CRISPR research in India, Department of Biotechnology, emerging national innovation systems, innovation system challenges.
Abstract: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas genome editing technology holds great potential in advancing the fields of healthcare, agriculture, and basic biology research. This study uses the national innovation system framework to identify key actors in India’s CRISPR research landscape and their roles in technology development and diffusion. Bibliographic analysis revealed that almost half of Indian CRISPR research publications are review articles or book chapters. Patentscope analysis showed that only 13.7% of CRISPR-related patent applications are attributed to Indian nationals, indicating international dominance. The Indian CRISPR research ecosystem is primarily supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India. Addressing lack of hands-on learning opportunities, minimal collaboration amongst limited researchers, and absence of dedicated institutes of excellence are crucial to accelerate CRISPR technology innovation in India. We believe these inferences can be extrapolated to other developing countries that spend a similar percentage of their gross domestic product on biotechnology research.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Broad Institute-CRISPR-timeline; https://www.broadinstitute.org/ what-broad/areas-focus/project-spotlight/crispr-timeline (accessed on 30 December 2022). Rodriguez-Perales, S., Martinez-Lage, M. and Torres-Ruiz, R., Modeling cancer using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. In Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease, Academic Press, Cambridge, United States, 2017, 2nd edn, pp. 905–924.
Literature cited 2: Luthra, R., Kaur, S. and Bhandari, K., Applications of CRISPR as a potential therapeutic. Life Sci., 2021, 284; doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021. 119908. Sánchez-León, S. et al., Low-gluten, nontransgenic wheat engineered with CRISPR/Cas9. Plant Biotechnol. J., 2018, 16, 902

ID: 66016
Title: Policy framework to combat the challenges of climate change in the Upper Indus Basin
Author: Gh. Jeelani, Ahsan Absar, Vasudha Agnihotri, Shakeel Ahmed, Akhtar Alam, Mohd. Farooq Azam, M. Sultan Bhat, R. D. Deshpande, A. P. Dimri, Sanjay Jain, Navin Juyal, Suhail A. Lone, Suraj Mal, P. Maharana, A. S. Maurya, Abhijit Mukherjee, S. Mudddu
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (6) 669-673 25 Sep (2024)
Subject: Policy framework to combat the challenges of climate change in the Upper Indus Basin
Keywords: Climate change, policy framework, river basins, summer monsoon, western disturbances
Abstract: The Indus River Basin (IRB), one of the major river basins in the Hindu Kush Himalaya, is primarily sustained by meltwater from the cryosphere. It caters to diverse sectors, including intense irrigation supported agriculture, energy production, tourism and biodiversity. The cryosphere of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) is mainly influenced by the western disturbances with subordinate contribution from the Indian Summer Monsoon. Increase in ambient temperature, shrinking cryospheric reserves, fluctuating surface run-off and enhanced frequency of extreme weather events are some of the noticeable indicators of climate change in the UIB. These changes will most likely adversely affect the water-dependent sectors in the upstream and downstream of IRB, posing serious threat to food security and livelihoods. Although the region has gained significant attention in recent years, there remains a noticeable knowledge gap pertaining to certain key issues with serious implications for the natural environment and the people. A national workshop was organized for stimulated deliberations to identify the major knowledge gaps and suggest a policy framework for climate change mitigation in the UIB. The workshop underscores the urgent need of multi-institutional, multidisciplinary, comprehensive, coordinated and time-bound collaboration to study the interplay of complex drivers on water resources of the UIB.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bolch, T. et al., Status and change of the cryosphere in the extended Hindu Kush Himalaya region. In The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People (eds Wester, P. et al.), Springer Nature, Switzerland AG, 2019, pp. 209–255; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_7. 2. Biemans, H. et al., Importance of snow and glacier meltwater for agriculture on the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Nature Sustain., 2019, 2, 594–601; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0305-3.
Literature cited 2: Sharma, E. et al., Introduction to the Hindu Kush Himalaya assessment. In The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment: Mountains, Climate Change, Sustainability and People (eds Wester, P. et al.), Springer Nature, Switzerland AG, 2019, pp. 1–16; https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-319-92288-1_1. Dimri, A. P., Niyogi, D., Barros, A. P., Ridley, J., Mohanty, U. C., Yasunari, T. and Sikka, D. R., Western disturbances: a review. Rev. Geophys., 2015, 53(2), 225–246

ID: 66015
Title: Geotourism in India: potential, challenges and sustainable practices
Author: Sukanta Goswami
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (6) 511-512 25 Sep (2024)
Subject: Geotourism in India: potential, challenges and sustainable practices
Keywords: Conservation status, geotourism sites, geological monuments, heritage, sustainable practices
Abstract: India, with its rich and diverse geological history, boasts a remarkable array of geological monuments and geotourism sites. These sites not only provide insight into the Earth’s geological past, but also offer significant educational, recreational and economic benefits. The Geological Survey of India has identified and protected numerous sites of geological significance, fostering both conservation and geotourism. This study explores the Indian national geological monuments and geotourism sites, highlighting their significance, conservation status and potential for promoting geotourism. It also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the development and management of these sites.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Geological Survey of India, National Geological Monument, 2017; https://pib.gov.in/newsite/printrelease.aspx?relid=137573 (accessed on 23 May 2017). Press Information Bureau, Geo-Heritage Sites. 2016; pib.nic.in (accessed on 15 September 201
Literature cited 2: Ranawat, P. S., Recognized geoheritage & geotourism sites in India. Int. J. Eng. Appl. Sci. Technol., 2020, 4(11), 224–231; ISSN no. 2455-2143. The Times of India, Ramgarh, Zawar accepted as geo-heritage sites in Rajasthan; https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rajasthan-govt-recognizes-ramgarh-crater-as-indias-1st-geo-heritage-site/ articleshow/108555120.cms; https://www.google.com/search?q= The+Times+of+India%2C+Ramgarh%2C+Zawar+accepted+as+geoheritage+sites+in+Rajasthan+(accessed+on&rlz=1C1CHBF_en-GBIN1075IN1075&oq=The+Times+of+India%2C+Ramgarh%2C+ Zawar+accepted+as+geo-heritage+sites+in+Rajasthan+(accessed+ on&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQIRiPAjIHCAIQIRiPAtIBBzU1MWowajmoAgCwAgE&sourceid=chrome&- ie=UTF-8 (accessed on 14 September 2018)

ID: 66014
Title: Evolution of super pest in the agroecosystems of Kerala: an upcoming threat
Author: P. K. Chandini and Mahesh Mohan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (6) 511-512 25 Sep (2024)
Subject: Evolution of super pest in the agroecosystems of Kerala: an upcoming threat
Keywords: None
Abstract: The farmers of Muthalamada mango plantation in Palakkad, Kerala, noticed something unusual in their mango plants. It is noted that, throughout the year, the mango branches are infested by pests. After several pesticide applications, the pests are not showing any mortality, and they realise they are in the midst of a widespread pest attack. Similar observations are also seen on tea mosquitoes and white flies from the tea plantations of the Wayanad district and cardamom plantations of Idukki respectively
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Kuttappan, C. P. et al., Int. J. Environ. Stud., 2023, 81(4), 1–21. Sawicki, R. M. and Denholm, I., Int. J. Pest Manage., 1987, 33(4), 262–272.
Literature cited 2: Neve, P. and Powles, S., Theor. Appl. Genet., 2005, 110, 1154–1166. Barzman, M., Bàrberi, P., Birch, A. N. E., Boonekamp, P., Dachbrodt-Saaydeh, S., Graf, B. and Sattin, M., Agron. Sustain. Dev., 2015, 35, 1199–1215

ID: 66013
Title: Successful dissemination of cloned buffalo superior germplasm at Nuh, an aspirational district of Haryana, India
Author: P. S. Yadav, M. Gururaj, Sajjan Singh, Navneet Saxena, Hema Tripathi, Dharmendra Kumar, Pradeep Kumar and A. Jerome
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (6) 657-657 25 Sep (2024)
Subject: Successful dissemination of cloned buffalo superior germplasm at Nuh, an aspirational district of Haryana, India
Keywords: None
Abstract: For the past three decades, India has been dominating the world in liquid milk production with a share of about 24.64%. Presently, the country produces about 238.50 million tonnes of milk with a growth rate of 22.81% compared to the 2018–2019 output of 187.75 million tonnes (ref. 1). The share of buffaloes in total milk contribution is the highest (45%), followed by crossbred and exotic cows (32%), and descript and non-descript indigenous cows (20%). India holds 109.85 million headcounts of buffaloes, which is half of the total cattle population. The country is endowed with superior quality germplasm in terms of 20 recognized buffalo breeds. Despite availability of quality breeds in India, the major buffalo population is nondescript type arising due to scarcity of genetically superior and proven bulls for genetic improvement. It is estimated that by 2024–2025, India will require 5600 bulls to produce 140 million semen doses annually for inseminating 70 million breedable buffaloes . This can be achieved by the use of assisted reproductive technology for production and dissemination of superior buffalo germplasm. One such technology is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or cloning technology. SCNT involves multiplication of superior animals (male or female) through asexual methodology.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries (DADF) of India, 2023; http://dahd.nic.in Selokar, N. L., Ind. J. Med. Res., 2018, 148(Suppl. 1), 120–124
Literature cited 2: Yadav, P. S., Selokar, N. L., Kumar, D., Sharma, R. K., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Saini, M. and Dua, S., Curr. Sci., 2020, 119(7), 1077. Statistical Abstract of Haryana, Department of Economic and Statistical Analysis, Haryana, 2018–19; https://esaharyana.gov.in

ID: 66012
Title: Anti-vaxxers: one man’s meat is another man’s poison
Author: Chetan Datta Poduri response by Gayatri Sawerwal
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (6) 649-649 25 Sep (2024)
Subject: Anti-vaxxers: one man’s meat is another man’s poison
Keywords: None
Abstract: This is with regard to the editorial ‘Antivaxxers’ published in Current Science . It makes for an interesting reading and initiates a debate on the long-suppressed aspect of the right to ‘refuse the medical treatment being imparted’. In this scenario, the Taliban’s anti-polio campaign in Pakistan represents a high point amongst antivaxxers.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:

ID: 66011
Title: Glacial lake outburst floods in the Indian Himalayan region: causes, modelling and mitigation
Author: Sharad K. Jain, R. Srinivasan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (6) 647-648 25 Sep (2024)
Subject: Glacial lake outburst floods in the Indian Himalayan region: causes, modelling and mitigation
Keywords: None
Abstract: A glacier is a large accumulation of ice, snow, sediment and liquid water that originates on land and moves downslope under the influence of its own weight and gravity (https://www.usgs.gov). With global warming, glaciers are receiving less snow, discharging more melt water, thereby losing mass, and are retreating. Retreating glaciers abandon moraine deposits on the sides and downstream of snout and vacate the land they occupied earlier. Meltwater begins to collect on this land, giving rise to a glacial lake (GL) downstream of the snout. Moraines act as natural dams/embankments of GLs. Moraine dams, are deposits of glacial till, rock boulders and ice which are not sorted and properly compacted. They are weak and breach easily because the moraine dams do not have internal structure of a welldesigned earthen dam which has an impervious core and successively coarser sediments that prevent piping and layers of boulders that form rip rap
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:

ID: 66010
Title: Conservational significance of the Upper Hanthana secondary forest in the Central Province of Sri Lanka based on avifaunal diversity and endemism
Author: Sandun Bandara and Chaminda S. Wijesundara
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (5) 624-628 10 Sep (2024)
Subject: Conservational significance of the Upper Hanthana secondary forest in the Central Province of Sri Lanka based on avifaunal diversity and endemism
Keywords: Avifaunal diversity, biodiversity, conservational significance, endemism, secondary f
Abstract: As a habitat option for the rapidly declining old-growth forests, secondary forest patches will serve as refugia for forest species in the tropics. The present study was carried out to determine the conservational significance of the Upper Hanthana secondary forest patch in Sri Lanka, based on its avifaunal diversity and endemism. The field survey was conducted from March–November 2019. Data were collected using line transects along with point counts. Peak observation hours were during 0700–1000 h and 1500–1800 h in the sites selected by systematic random sampling. Results were compared with those of a nearby village area. According to statistical analysis, the Upper Hanthana secondary forest patch harbours a comparatively higher avifaunal diversity with 87 bird species and remarkable endemism of 17 endemic bird species out of total 34 endemic bird species in Sri Lanka. The present study highlights the significance of the Upper Hanthana forest patch for biodiversity conservation. Further studies are required to evaluate the total biodiversity of this secondary forest patch and assess better conservational measures.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Dent, D. H. and Wright, S. J., The future of tropical species in secondary forests: a quantitative review. Biol. Conserv., 2009, 142, 2833–2843. Wright, S. J. and Muller-Landau, H. C., The future of tropical forest species. Biotropic
Literature cited 2: Chazdon, R. L. et al., The potential for species conservation in tropical secondary forests. Conserv. Biol., 2009, 23(6), 1406–1417 Legg, C. and Jewell, N., A 1 : 50 000 scale forest map of Sri Lanka: the basis for a National Forest Geographic Information System. Sri Lanka For., 1995

ID: 66009
Title: Relict Neoarchean silico-carbonatite from Elagiri alkaline complex, Southern Granulite Terrane, India
Author: Jyotisankar Ray, Qiong-Yan Yang, Liangshu Shu , M. Santosh, Anindita Dey, Biswajit Ghosh , Payel Dey, Sohini Ganguly and Sarmistha Mukhopadhyay
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (5) 617-624 10 Sep (2024)
Subject: Relict Neoarchean silico-carbonatite from Elagiri alkaline complex, Southern Granulite Terrane, India
Keywords: Leucosyenite, magmatic crystallization, mantle melting, proto-plate subduction, relict silico-carbonatite
Abstract: Here, we report the occurrence of relict Neoarchean silico-carbonatites from the Elagiri complex (12°31′N: 78°35′E), Southern Granulite Terrane, Indian Shield, where they occur within leucosyenites as enclaves. Trace elements suggest that the silico-carbonatites and leucosyenite are related through melting–crystallization episodes. U–Pb zircon ages from the silico-carbonatites yield two statistical peaks at ~2539 ± 9 Ma (~emplacement age) and ~2490 ± 15 Ma (~younger overprinting age). High Th/U ratios of zircon are consistent with magmatic crystallization. We suggest that silico-carbonatite generation was favoured by proto-plate subduction during the Neoarchean in this terrane.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Halama, R., McDonough, W. F., Rudnick, R. L. and Bell, K., Tracking the lithium isotopic evolution of the mantle using carbonatites. Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 2008, 265, 726–742. Bédard, L. P. and Chown, E. H., The Dolodau dykes, Canada: an example of an Archean carbonatite. Mineral. Petrol., 1992, 46, 109–121.
Literature cited 2: Faure, S., Godey, S., Fallara, F. and Trépanier, S., Seismic architecture of the Archean North American mantle and its relationship to diamondiferous kimberlite fields. Econ. Geol., 2011, 106, 223–240. Rukhlov, A. S. and Bell, K., Geochronology of carbonatites from the Canadian and Baltic Shields, and the Canadian Cordillera: clues to mantle evolution. Mineral. Petrol., 2010, 98, 11–54.

ID: 66008
Title: Hydrological response of two adjoining subtropical catchments – Iril and Thoubal of the Manipur river basin in the Indian Himalayan Region
Author: Victoria Ningthoujam and Ngangbam Romeji
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (5) 605-616 10 Sep (2024)
Subject: Hydrological response of two adjoining subtropical catchments – Iril and Thoubal of the Manipur river basin in the Indian Himalayan Region
Keywords: Calibration, hydroclimatic model, hydrological response, river catchments, validation.
Abstract: The Thoubal river catchment (TRB) and Iril river catchment (IRB), which are two major adjoining subbasins of the Manipur river basin in India, were selected for this study. A GIS-based semi-distributed hydrological model soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was used to derive the hydroclimatic parameters such as surface run-off, evapotranspiration. The present study aims to calibrate and validate the SWAT model using streamflow and satellite soil moisture data, as well as to examine the hydroclimatological responses in the two adjacent basins, and compare the relative changes in treating the Iril–Thoubal river basin jointly and as two separate entities. The model was calibrated and validated using the SUFI-2 tool. During calibration and validation, both IRB and TRB showed good model performance. This study shows that in a poorly gauged river basin with scarce data, remotely sensed soil moisture data may be effectively applied for the calibration and validation of hydrological models. The novel aspect of this study is the efficient calibration and validation of a hydroclimatic model for subtropical river sub-basins with limited hydrological ground data reinforced with open-source satellite-derived soil moisture datasets
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Carrillo, G. et al., Catchment classification: hydrological analysis of catchment behavior through process-based modeling along a climate gradient. J. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 2011, 15, 3411– 3430. Sivapalan, M. et al., IAHS decade on predictions in ungauged basins (PUB), 2003–2012: shaping an exciting future for the hydrological sciences. Hydrol. Sci. J., 2010, 48, 857–880
Literature cited 2: Gleick, P. H., Climate change, exponential curves, water resources, and unprecedented threats to humanity. Clim. Change, 2010, 100, 125–129. Arnold, J. G. et al., Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I: model development. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 1998, 34(1).

ID: 66007
Title: Comparative study of QuEChERS methods for monitoring pesticides in milk using GC-MS/MS
Author: Naresh Kumar , Nancy Talwar , Rajan Sharma, H. V. Raghu , Prashant Goel and Namita Ashish Singh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (5) 598-604 10 Sep (2024)
Subject: Comparative study of QuEChERS methods for monitoring pesticides in milk using GC-MS/MS
Keywords: Acetate method, dairy sector, human health, milk, pesticide residue.
Abstract: The presence of pesticides in milk is a serious concern at the global level, which can threaten human health. Detection of pesticides in milk is a challenge due to their small concentration and large amounts of other interfering substances that can be co-extracted along with the pesticides. In this study, we have compared two variants (original and acetate) of quick, cheap, effective and safe (QuEChERS) method to evaluate the efficiency and suitability of these methods for the extraction of organochlorine and organophosphorous residues from milk using GC-MS/MS. The acetate method was found to be more efficient in terms of recovery of all the studied pesticides, except monocrotophos. It resulted in good linearity (R2 > 0.9928% in matrix and >0.9940% in solvent), recovery (71.69%–99.38%) over the range 10–250 ng/ml and precision of RSD% < 20%. This method can be easily applied for the extraction of pesticide residues in milk and its products, and further quantification using GC-MS/MS in the dairy sector.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pirsaheb, M., Limoee, M., Namdari, F. and Khamutian. R., Organo chlorine pesticides residue in breast milk: a systematic review. Med. J. Islam. Repub. Iran, 2015, 29(1), 288. Sulaiman, N. S., Rovina, K. and Joseph, V. M., Classification, extraction and current analytical approaches for detection of pesticides in various food products. J. Consum. Prot. Food Safety, 2019, 14, 209–221; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-019-01242-4
Literature cited 2: 209–221; https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-019-01242-4 3. Nag, S. K. and Raikwar, M. K., Organochlorine pesticide residues in bovine milk. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 2008, 80(1), 5–9. Hem, L., Khay, S., Choi, J. H., Morgan, E. D., El-Aty, A. A. and Shim, J. H., Determination of trichlorfon pesticide residues in milk via gas chromatography with µ-electron capture detection and GCMS. Toxicol. Res., 2010, 26(2), 149.

ID: 66006
Title: Mechanisms of agricultural scale affecting greenhouse gas emissions
Author: Y. Yin, F. M. Xi, L. F. Bing and J. Y. Wang
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (5) 591-597 10 Sep (2024)
Subject: Mechanisms of agricultural scale affecting greenhouse gas emissions
Keywords: Agricultural development phases, climate change mitigation, global warming, greenhouse gas emission, productivity factors.
Abstract: Agriculture is a significant contributor to anthropogenic global warming. In recent years, agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in China, which is the largest emitter, has been decreasing. In order to identify whether or not Chinese agricultural development has affected GHG emission, we used the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) factor decomposition model to study the effect of productivity factors on GHG emission and their characteristics in four phases of Chinese agricultural development. The results indicate that land productivity is the most significantly promotion factor which contributes 1.12 Gt CO2e GHG emission growth. On the contrary, technological input intensity exerts an obvious mitigating effect with 1.57 Gt CO2e GHG emission reduction. The effects of productivity factors on GHG emission differ between household-based farming systems and large-scale management systems. A more nuanced perspective on the significant role of agricultural large-scale management in GHG emission could aid climate change mitigation.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mbow, C. et al., Food security. In Climate Change and Land: An IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems (eds Shukla, P. R. et al.), 2019; https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl (accessed on 1 January 2022). Lynch, J., Cain, M., Frame, D. and Pierrehumbert, R., Agriculture’s contribution to climate change and role in mitigation is distinct from predominantly fossil CO2-emitting sectors. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 2021, 4, 1–9.
Literature cited 2: Zhu, Y. et al., Large-scale farming operations are win–win for grain production, soil carbon storage and mitigation of greenhouse gases. J. Clean. Prod., 2018, 172, 2143–2152. NBS, Main Data Bulletin of the Third National Agricultural Census, National

ID: 66005
Title: Aerobic granular sludge with granular activated carbon for enhanced biological phosphate removal from domestic wastewater
Author: M. Sarvajith, and Y. V. Nancharaiah
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2024
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 127 (5) 581-590 10 Sep (2024)
Subject: Aerobic granular sludge with granular activated carbon for enhanced biological phosphate removal from domestic wastewater
Keywords: Aerobic granulation, biological nutrient removal, microbial community assembly, phosphate removal, sewage treatment.
Abstract: Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is an emerging replacement for activated sludge for advanced and sustainable wastewater treatment. This study examined the beneficial effect of granular activated carbon (GAC) addition on AGS formation and sewage treatment in tropical climates. GAC shortened the start-up period for granulation by minimizing sludge washout. Ammonium was removed effectively through partial nitrification and denitritation. Enhanced biological phosphate removal was established with ~98% removal efficiencies. Improved granulation, enrichment of polyphosphateaccumulating organisms, and establishment of enhanced biological phosphate removal pathways in tropical climates recommend GAC addition as a simple and potential start-up strategy for AGS-based biological wastewater treatment.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Nancharaiah, Y. V. and Sarvajith, M., Aerobic granular sludge process: a fast growingbiological treatment for sustainable wastewater treatment. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health., 2019, 12, 57–65; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2019.09.011. Morgenroth, E. et al., Aerobic granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor. Water Res., 1997, 31, 3191–3194; https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00216-9.
Literature cited 2: Nancharaiah, Y. V. and Reddy, G. K., Aerobic granular sludge technology: mechanisms of granulation and biotechnological applications. Bioresour. Technol., 2018, 247, 1128–1143; https://doi. org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.131 Sarvajith, M. and Nancharaiah, Y. V., De novo granulation of sewage-borne microorganisms: a proof of concept on cultivating aerobic granular sludge without activated sludge and effective enhanced biological phosphorus removal. Environ. Res., 2023, 224, 115500; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115500.