ID: 66250
Title: Plant growth promoting bacteria as source of secondary metabolites: an emergent principle in plant science
Author: Amandeep Singh Sidhu , Charanjit Singh Aulakh , Sukhveer Singh Bhullar , Harmanjot Kaur, Gulab Pandove , Amanpreet Singh and Anuj Choudhary
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (9) 885-898 10 May (2025)
Subject: Plant growth promoting bacteria as source of secondary metabolites: an emergent principle in plant science
Keywords: Biofertilizers, metabolites, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, phytohormone, stress.
Abstract: The biological phenomena of soil consist of life, macro
and microfauna and flora which make a big contribution to soil health and fertility. Soil, plant and rhizosphere microorganisms have a strong relationship to
sustain plant growth and development. Bacteria and
fungi constitute the most abundant groups in the rhizosphere. The beneficial rhizobacteria have a number of
positive effects on the environment, soil conditions, and
plant growth and are known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR have positive effects
on plant physiology and growth when used as biofertilizer and biocontrol, root colonization, induced systemic
resistance, phytopathogen biocontrol, etc. The use of
PGPR or other microbial-based products is increasing as
the most suitable option for reducing the use of chemicals and to sustain productivity as well as soil health.
However, there are a few bottlenecks such as biotic
and abiotic stresses and commercialization of PGPR.
In this review, we have therefore discussed the mechanisms of PGPR, different secondary metabolites that are
being produced by Bacillus and Pseudomonas; their
synthesis pathways and ecological interactions in nature.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Belnap, J., Weber, B. and Büdel, B., Biological Soil Crusts as an
Organizing Principle in Drylands, Springer International Publishing, Southwest Biological Science Centre, 2016, pp. 3–13.
Beneduzi, A., Ambrosini, A. and Passaglia, L. M., Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): their potential as antagonists and
biocontrol agents. Genet. Mol. Biol., 2012, 35(4), 1044–1051
Literature cited 2: Tian, P., Razavi, B. S., Zhang, X., Wang, Q. and Blagodatskaya,
E., Microbial growth and enzyme kinetics in rhizosphere hotspots
are modulated by soil organics and nutrient availability. Soil Biol.
Biochem., 2020, 141, 107662.
Prashar, P., Kapoor, N. and Sachdeva, S., Rhizosphere: its structure, bacterial diversity and significance. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol., 2014, 13(1), 63–77.
ID: 66249
Title: Indian beamline at Photon Factory, high-energy accelerator research organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
Author: Poonam Yadav and Sebastian C. Peter
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (9) 880-884 10 May (2025)
Subject: Indian beamline at Photon Factory, high-energy accelerator research organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan
Keywords: Indian beamline, materials, Photon Factory, synchrotron, X-ray diffraction, X-ray scattering
Abstract: Synchrotron X-ray sources play a vital role in the detailed structural characterization of new materials and in advancing our understanding of structure–property relationships in advanced materials.
Recognizing the absence of intense X-ray synchrotron sources and the pressing nationwide demand
for access to radiation sources to propel nanoscience and materials research forward, a national
program was launched by Nano Mission, Department of Science and Technology, India. As part of
this initiative, the Indian Beamline was established at the High-Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Tsukuba, Japan, representing a flagship cooperative endeavour. This facility operates at 2.5 GeV with a storage ring current of 450 mA, providing around 4000 hours of user time
annually across six different experiment types. The operational efficiency of this synchrotron facility,
with an impressive ratio of actual user time to scheduled user time maintained at 96–98%, stands as
a critical benchmark for the planning and execution of synchrotron-related experiments.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2:
ID: 66248
Title: Rethinking science and mathematics pedagogy in Indian higher education
Author: Aahana Ganguly, Divya Uma, Proteep Mallik, Sravanti Uppaluri and Tulsi Srinivasan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (9) 874-879 10 May (2025)
Subject: Rethinking science and mathematics pedagogy in Indian higher education
Keywords: Interdisciplinarity, local context, science education, self-directed learning, undergraduate pedagogy.
Abstract: Undergraduate science and mathematics curricula in India are still mostly centred around content,
and the pedagogy on delivering this content. This does not serve the needs of a diverse student body,
nor the needs of these disciplines. Keeping in mind the multiple constraints that undergraduate
teachers face, we provide some pedagogical principles for student-centred learning, and some examples illustrating these principles that we believe can be carried out in different contexts.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Ministry of Education, All India Survey on Higher Education 2021–
22, 2022; https://aishe.gov.in/aishe-final-report/.
Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor,
N., Jordt, H. and Wenderoth, M. P., Active learning increases student
performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci., 2014, 111(23), 8410–8415.
Literature cited 2: Theobald, E. J., Hill, M. J., Tran, E., Agrawal, S., Arroyo, E. N.,
Behling, S. and Freeman, S., Active learning narrows achievement
gaps for underrepresented students in undergraduate science, technology, engineering, and math. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 2020, 117(12),
6476–6483.
King, D. and Ritchie, S. M., Learning science through real-world
contexts. In Second International Handbook of Science Education
(eds Fraser, B., Tobin, K. and McRobbie, C.), Springer, Dordrecht,
2012, vol. 24, pp. 69–79; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9041-
7_6.
ID: 66247
Title: Occurrence of Leucism in Xylophis perroteti (Serpentes: Pareidae: Xylophiinae) in Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India
Author: Palanisamy Santhoshkumar, Ravikumar Cleamant Kumar Kiran Samson Arockianathan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (9) 872-873 10 May (2025)
Subject: Occurrence of Leucism in Xylophis perroteti (Serpentes: Pareidae: Xylophiinae) in Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India
Keywords: None
Abstract: Different types of inherited colours have
been reported in snakes, such as melanism,
leucism and albinism1–3
. Leucism is expressed as the almost total decolouration of
certain or whole parts of the body but preserving the typical colour of eyes, nails
and skin4,5
. The few available reports document leucism in snakes6
. The present study
reports leucism in Xylophis perroteti in the
Nilgiris of Western Ghats, India. Striped
narrow-headed snake X. perroteti has restricted distribution and is found at altitudes from 1000 to 2500 m in the Nilgiri
hills of Southern Western Ghats7
.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Bechtel, H. B., Int. J. Dermatol., 1991, 30,
243–246.
Krecsak, L., Rus. J. Herpetol., 2008, 15(2),
97–102.
Literature cited 2: Castella, B., Golay, J., Monney, J. C., Golay, P., Mebert, K. and Dubey, S., J. Zool.,
2013, 290(4), 273–280.
Bensch, S., Hansson, B., Hasselquist, D.
and Nielsen, B., Hereditas, 2000, 133,
167–170.
ID: 66246
Title: Mixed farming of catfish and carps: a model for higher productivity and income
Author: Md. Aklakur Udipta Roy Md. Imran Shah Kamlesh Kumar Md Amjad Vikash Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (9) 867-871 10 May (2025)
Subject: Mixed farming of catfish and carps: a model for higher productivity and income
Keywords: None
Abstract: Aquaculture has promises for feeding to
the burgeoning population of the world.
Inland production through aquaculture is
growing very fast and carp fishes have a
huge contribution to fisheries around 70.6%
of the total production1
. The demand in
local market and high consumer preference
made the carp-based aquaculture more
prominent in India. The most commonly
preferred carp varieties in Bihar and other
Indian states are as follows: Catla (Catla
catla), Rohu (Labeo rohita), Grass Carp
(Ctenopharyngodon idella), Common Carp
(Cyprinus carpio), Big Head (Hypophthal michthys nobilis), Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys
molitrix), Black Carp (Labeo calbasu) and
Bata (Labeo bata), etc. Farmers’ prefer
these species for their higher growth, natural food acceptance, polyculture and composite culture potential in pond-based
systems. Generally, the productivity of
carps in pond-based systems can range
from 0.8 to 3.2 tonnes per acre, which can
be achieved in six months2
. In Andhra
Pradesh, various polyculture models for
carp culture are followed. In one system,
Catla and Rohu fingerlings are stocked at
the density of 8,000–10,000/ha at a ratio of
Catla : Rohu (1 : 10) and within one-year
culture cycle, 1–2 kg fishes are harvested
with 85–90% survival rate, which accounted around 10–13 tonnes/ha/year production3
. In another practice, farmers use
three-species stocking, with 5000 Rohu,
500 Catla and 250 Mrigal per hectare and
within one year culture duration, growth of
Catla can be achieved 2.5–3.5 kg, Rohu
1.5–2.5 kg and Mrigal 1.0–1.5 kg, can be
with an overall yield of 9–11 MT/ha/year.
In West Bengal, most of the farmers follow composite fish farming to utilize all
ecological niches of pond ecosystem to
fetch higher returns where six species are
stocked at a ratio of 30–40% surface feeders (Silver Carp and Catla), 30–35% column feeders (Rohu and Grass Carp) and
30–40% bottom feeders (Common Carp
and Mrigal). Some farmers include bottom feeding freshwater prawns instead of
Common Carp and Mrigal to fetch higher
returns. The core objective of such inclusion is to make culture system more feasible
than major carp polyculture alone4–6
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Allsopp, W., In Global Trends in Fisheries
Management, American Fisheries Society,
Symposium, 1999, vol. 20, pp. 153–166.
Yadava, M., Ranjanb, R. and Shahc, T. B.,
Aquacult. J., 2023, 14(1), 1D.
Literature cited 2: Bhanu Prakash, C. H., Khairnar, S. O.,
Mandal, A., Kumar, A. and Kumar, B., Int.
J. Fisher. Aquat. Stud., 2018, 6(4), 545–
550.
Dora, K. C., Freshwater Fish Seed Production and Nursery Rearing in West Bengal,
India. In International Training Programme
for Cambodian Trainees, 2012.
ID: 66245
Title: Recombinant bovine enzyme destroys biofilm shield of emerging ‘superbug’ pathogen
Author: Yousuf Khan
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (9) 865-866 10 May (2025)
Subject: Recombinant bovine enzyme destroys biofilm shield of emerging ‘superbug’ pathogen
Keywords: None
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the phenomenon of pathogenic microbes evolving
characteristics to impede the action of
drugs, is an alarming healthcare concern.
In 2023, the Indian National AMR Surveillance Network Report documented an 83%
increase in AMR cases in public healthcare
centres since 2017 (ref. 1).
In his Nobel Prize lecture, Alexander
Fleming warned about his serendipitous
discovery: ‘The time may come when penicillin can be bought by anyone in the
shops. Then there is the danger that the ignorant man may easily underdose himself,
and by exposing his microbes to non-lethal
quantities of the drug make them resistant’
2
. Soon enough, cases of multidrug resistant bacteria were reported, giving a
glimpse of the dark side of this ‘wonder
drug’ class. Widespread overuse of antibiotics, antimicrobial pollution and ineffective infection control have compounded
the problem, producing a steady growth in
AMR-resistant strains3
. Discovery of new
drugs capable of countering them requires
massive time and capital investment with a
low probability of success
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: NCDC, Annual Report National Antimicrobial Surveillance Network, National Centre
for Disease Control, Govt of India, 2023;
https://ncdc.mohfw.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Final-Annual-Report-2023-06_
08_2024.pdf.
Fleming, A., Nobel Lecture, NobelPrize.
org, 1945; https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1945/fleming/lecture (accessed
on 15 November 2024)
Literature cited 2: Holmes, A. H. et al., Lancet, 2016,
387(10014), 176–187.
Struelens, M. J., BMJ, 1998, 317(7159),
652–654.
ID: 66244
Title: Efficient Gaussian Sugeno fuzzy vector with bidirectional lucidity network for gas turbine
Author: Ravindra S. Surase, K. Rama Krishna and Ramchandra P. Chopade
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 802-817 25 April (2025)
Subject: Efficient Gaussian Sugeno fuzzy vector with bidirectional lucidity network for gas turbine
Keywords: Azeotropic mixtures, catalyst deactivation, combined gas turbine plant, condenser system, exergy destruction, selective catalytic reduction systems
Abstract: In the realm of power generation, the integration of
gas turbine technology with complementary components in a combined gas turbine (CGT) plant demands
meticulous examination of exergy destruction and NOx
reduction to ascertain its pivotal performance metrics.
Hence, a novel Gaussian Sugeno vector network with a
bidirectional lucidity network has been introduced. In
the condenser, azeotropic mixtures in the working fluid
reveal different heat-transfer characteristics which
affect condenser effectiveness and contribute to higher
exergy destruction. Thus, a novel Gaussian–Sugeno–
Swarm vector network has been implemented, which
mitigates the complexities introduced by azeotropic
mixtures, reducing exergy destruction and significantly
improving the overall effectiveness of the condenser.
Furthermore, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems exhibit non-linear behaviour due to catalyst deactivation, causing incomplete NOx reduction due to
difficulty in predicting and controlling temperature
changes. So, a novel bidirectional niching fuzzy lucidity
network has been introduced, which provides a comprehensive solution to address the limitations of current control algorithms, ensuring a complete reduction in
NOx emissions in SCR systems. The proposed method
demonstrates excellence in condenser and SCR systems
by achieving a high prediction accuracy of 0.94, precision of 0.96, NOx reduction of 0.97 and low heat loss of
0.02.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Latif, A., Hussain, S. M. S., Das, D. C. and Ustun, T. S., State-of the-art of controllers and soft computing techniques for regulated
load frequency management of single/multi-area traditional and renewable energy based power systems. Appl. Energy, 2020, 266,
114858.
Hashmi, M. B., Majid Mohd A. A. and Lemma, T. A., Combined
effect of inlet air cooling and fouling on performance of variable
geometry industrial gas turbines. Alexandria Eng. J., 2020, 59(3),
1811–1821.
Literature cited 2: Ahmad, N., Ghadi, Y., Adnan, M. and Ali, M., Load forecasting
techniques for power system: research challenges and survey. IEEE
Access, 2022, 10, 71054–71090.
Moradzadeh, A., Mohammadi-Ivatloo, B., Abapour, M., AnvariMoghaddam, A. and Roy, S. S., Heating and cooling loads forecasting for residential buildings based on hybrid machine learning applications: a comprehensive review and comparative analysis. IEEE
Access, 2021, 10, 2196–2215.
ID: 66243
Title: Ionomic analysis of citrus scion–rootstock combinations: implications for sodium chloride stress tolerance
Author: Kripa Shankar , O. P. Awasthi, V. K. Sharma , N. Devachandra , Sandeep Kumar and Ashok Kumar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 789-795 25 April (2025)
Subject: Ionomic analysis of citrus scion–rootstock combinations: implications for sodium chloride stress tolerance
Keywords: Citrus, correlation, ionomics, PCA, salinity, scion–rootstock.
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to assess the
impact of 30 and 60 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl)
stress on sweet orange cultivar Pusa Sharad (PS)
grafted on 11 different citrus rootstocks, i.e., Jatti
Khatti (JK), X-639 (X9), CRH-12 (C12), NRCC-1
(N1), NRCC-2 (N2), NRCC-3 (N3), NRCC-4 (N4),
NRCC-5 (N5), Troyer citrange (TC), CRH-47 (C47)
and Cleopatra mandarin (CM) compared with control
treatment. The nitrogen (N) concentration in leaves
and roots decreased by 10–40%, phosphorus (P) by
11–34%, potassium (K) by 7–49%, calcium (Ca) by 4–
43% and magnesium (Mg) by 8–29% as the NaCl in
the irrigation water spiraled from control to 60 mM of
NaCl stress depending upon the sensitivity of rootstocks. The PS grafted on C12 and JK, N4 and N2 had
greater Cl− and Na+ in the root as compared to leaf.
However, The PS grafted on CM and X9 had least Na+
and Cl− concentration in leaf and root at 30 and
60 mM of NaCl concentration thus suggesting that
CM and X9 rootstocks are more tolerant to salt stress
than JK, C12, N4 and N2 and have potential for imparting tolerance in the sweet orange scion cv. Pusa
Sharad.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: MoAFW, Area and Production of Horticulture Crops (2nd Advance Estimate), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare,
Government of India, Directorate of Economics and Statistics,
New Delhi, India, 2023.
Storey, R. and Walker, R. R., Citrus and salinity. Sci Hortic.,
1999, 87, 39–81.
Literature cited 2: Alam, A., Ullah, H., Attia, A. and Datta, A., Effects of salinity
stress on growth, mineral nutrient accumulation and biochemical
parameters of seedlings of three citrus rootstocks. Int. J. Fruit Sci.,
2020, 20(4), 786–804.
Banuls, J., Legaz, F. and Primo-Millo, E., Salinity-calcium interactions on growth and ionic concentration of citrus plants. Plant
Soil, 1991, 133, 39–46
ID: 66242
Title: Identification of admixtures in Melia dubia germplasm as revealed by Bayesian analysis
Author: Neha Singh Panwar, Ashok Kumar and Ravindra Singh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 785-788 25 April (2025)
Subject: Identification of admixtures in Melia dubia germplasm as revealed by Bayesian analysis
Keywords: Admixture, Bayesian, membership likelihood, Melia dubia, mixing
Abstract: Melia dubia, an important agroforestry tree species,
although it has its diversity hotspot in north-eastern
states of India, it has been found to be dispersed in
various other states as well. Therefore, to detect gene
flow between populations, 185 genotypes from different geographical origins were sampled to identify and
study the occurrence of admixtures using 60 Simple
Sequence Repeats (SSRs) generating definite and reproducible bands. Bayesian structure analysis grouped
genotypes into 6 (best ∆K = 6) genetic groups. Through
membership likelihoods (Q >/< 0.60), admixture analysis revealed 175 genotypes to be highly pure, whereas
the remaining 10 were mixed indicating genetic mixing. The present study highlights the efficiency of SSRs
for the molecular portrayal of M. dubia and assessing
its genetic diversity for genetic improvement through
effective breeding schemes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Porras-Hurtado, L., Ruiz, Y., Santos, C., Phillips, C., Carracedo, A.
and Lareu, M. V., An overview of STRUCTURE: applications,
parameter settings, and supporting software. Front. Genet., 2013,
98(4), 1–13; https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2013.00098.
Khan, M. M. H., Rafii, M. Y., Ramlee, S. I., Jusoh, M., Mamun, M.
A. and Halidu, J., DNA fingerprinting, fixation-index (Fst), and
admixture mapping of selected Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) accessions using ISSR markers system. Sci.
Rep., 2021, 14527(11), 1–23; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-
93867-5.
Literature cited 2: Kumar, A., Shrivastava, P., Sharma, S., Dobhal, S., Rana, A. and
Kumar, R., Development of high yielding varieties of Melia dubia
Cav. Indian Forest., 2017, 143(11), 1203–1206.
Daryal, U., Dobhal, S., Kumar, A. and Panwar, N. S., Genetic diversity of Melia dubia as revealed by molecular markers. Res.
Square, 2023, preprints; https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2430522/v1
ID: 66241
Title: Optimisation-based weighted ensemble algorithm for predicting prices of spices
Author: Ankit Kumar Singh , Md Yeasin , Ranjit Kumar Paul, H. S. Roy, Prakash Kumar , A. K. Paul and Anita Sarkar
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 755-757 25 April (2025)
Subject: Optimisation-based weighted ensemble algorithm for predicting prices of spices
Keywords: Accuracy, ensemble, forecasting, machine learning, spices
Abstract: India plays a significant role in global agriculture production, including spices. Spices play an important role
in cultural significance and economic trade relations
while providing nutritional and medicinal benefits.
The volatility and complexity of the price of spices require improved forecasting methods to support informed decision-making in agricultural markets. Recently,
researchers have focused on using the traditional time
series model as well as machine learning (ML) model
to forecast the price of agricultural commodities. Using
a standalone model struggles to capture the complex
pattern in time series data. To overcome this challenge,
ensemble machine learning approaches based on fixed
weight (FW-ensemble) have been proposed. The ML
models like artificial neural networks (ANN), random
forest (RF), k-nearest neighbours (kNN), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector regression
(SVR) and the stochastic model, e.g. autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model have been
used. The outputs of these models are ensembled using
optimised fixed weights. In this study, the prices of two
important spices, namely turmeric and coriander, from
2010 to 2024, collected from AGMARKNET (https://
agmarknet.gov.in/) were considered. The MCS algorithm was used to select the better-performing model.
The empirical performance of the ensemble method
was compared with that of the stochastic model
(ARIMA), ML techniques (ANN, RF, kNN, XGBoost,
SVR) and deep learning techniques, e.g. long short-term memory (LSTM) and gated recurrent unit
(GRU), based on several accuracy measures. It revealed that the FW-ensemble approach significantly outperformed the other candidate models in terms of
prediction accuracy.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Zhang, Y. and Na, S., A novel agricultural commodity price forecasting model based on fuzzy information granulation and MEA‐
SVM model. Math. Prob. Eng., 2018, 1, 2540681.
Mitra, D. and Paul, R. K., Hybrid time-series models for forecasting agricultural commodity prices. Model Assist. Stat. Appl., 2017,
12(3), 255–264
Literature cited 2: Paul, R. K. and Garai, S., Performance comparison of waveletsbased machine learning technique for forecasting agricultural
commodity prices. Soft Comput., 2021, 25(20), 12857–12873.
Sankaran, S., Demand forecasting of fresh vegetable product by
seasonal ARIMA model. Int. J. Oper. Res., 2014, 20(3), 315–330.
ID: 66240
Title: Life in transit: habitat use, behavioural profile and feeding ecology by Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) in a fragmented evergreen habitat of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India
Author: Sarmistha Ojha , Aritri Chatterjee , Santanu Mahato, K. S. Chetan Nag, Honnavalli N. Kumara and Mewa Singh
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 766-775 25 April (2025)
Subject: Life in transit: habitat use, behavioural profile and feeding ecology by Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) in a fragmented evergreen habitat of the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India
Keywords: Daily path length, habitat usage, resource availability, socioecology, time activity patterns
Abstract: Primates in fragmented habitats show behavioural
flexibility and adaptive changes in response to ecological
challenges in the search for food resources within their
home range. Nilgiri langurs (NL, Semnopithecus johnii),
endemic to the Western Ghats, face anthropogenic
pressures, including habitat modifications. To understand its behavioural profile, feeding ecology and habitat use in such habitat conditions, we observed NL in a
forest fragment in the Anamalai Tiger Reserve, India.
Their daily path length, though shorter in the dry season, did not significantly vary seasonally. The home
range in the dry season, though smaller than in the wet
season, was more intensively used in the dry season,
indicating the patchy distribution of food sources. They
fed on resources from 23 plant species, largely from
Elaeocarpus munronii, Ficus sp. and Cullenia exarillata,
with leaves being their primary diet. Most of the time
the langurs spent on resting which is a typical trait of
folivorous colobines to digest the leaves with the cellulose wall. In response to disturbances such as firewood
extraction and increased tourism, they shifted habitat
use from the understorey and middle canopy to intensive use of the upper canopy (>15 m). These findings
suggest management interference in these forest fragments and highlight the need for a proper conservation
plan.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B. and Konstant, W. R., Primates
of the world: an introduction. In Walker’s Primates of the World
(ed. Nowak, R. M.), Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore,
USA, 1999, pp. 1–52.
Mittermeier, R. A., Rylands, A. B., Konstant, W. R., Eudey, A.,
Butynski, T., Ganzhorn, J. U. and Rodríguez-Luna, E., Primate
specialist group species. Species, 2000, 34, 82–88
Literature cited 2: Marsh, L. K. and Chapman, C. A., Primates in Fragments, Springer
New York, NY, 2013, pp. xxii + 539.
Strier, K. B., Demography and the temporal scale of sexual selection.
In Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Primates:
New Perspectives and Directions (ed. Jones, C. B.), American Society of Primatologist, Norman, USA, 2003, pp. 45–63
ID: 66239
Title: Rehabilitation of Melia azedarach L. in forest fire
Author: Sourav Ranjan Mohapatra
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 763-765 25 April (2025)
Subject: Rehabilitation of Melia azedarach L. in forest fire
Keywords: None
Abstract: Forest fire being a persisting problem
throughout the world has elicited various
threats and has proved itself as a dynamic
factor in shaping vegetation and landscaping world forests over the years
. Globally,
it is estimated that 67 million hectares of
forest area is burnt annually in between
2003 and 2012 (ref. 2). Wildfires have seriously damaged almost 98 million hectares
area in 2015 (ref. 3). Annually, 19.8 million
hectares of forest has been demolished by
fires in 118 countries marking up to 65%
of the world’s forest cover. Major countries
facing losses through such environmental
hazard includes Chad, Australia, the United
States of America, India and Canada
. India
constitutes one of the mega biodiversity
zones of world with 80,276 sq. km of forest
area which is 24.56% of the total geographical area of the country.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Schmerbeck, J. and Hiremath, A., In Workshop Proceeding: Forest Fires in India, Madurai, 2007, pp. 41–45.
Van Lierop, P., Lindquist, E., Sathyapala, S.
and Franceschini, G., Forest Ecol. Manage.,
2015, 352, 78–88.
Literature cited 2: FAO, Global Forest Resources Assessment
Update 2020, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy, 2020.
FAO, Global Forest Resources Assessment
Update 2010, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy, 2010.
ID: 66238
Title: Distribution of rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus) recorded from camera trap from Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India
Author: Stuti Anjaria Aritra Roy Omkar Nar Gayatri Bakhale Gaurav Shinde R. K. Khairwa Vinod Rai Ayan Sadhu, Qamar Qureshi Y. V. Jhala
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 762-763 25 April (2025)
Subject: Distribution of rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus) recorded from camera trap from Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India
Keywords: None
Abstract: The rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus is the world’s smallest wildcat
weighing between 1 and 1.6 kg, and prefers
a semi-arboreal habitat1
. This cat has distinct rusty spots (frequently lanceolate) on
its russet-grey coat, and prominent stripes
on the forehead. The tail is long and spotless, almost half of its body size2
. Rusty spotted cat is listed as ‘near threatened
(NT)’ in the IUCN Red List, and listed under the Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife
Protection Act 1972 (ref. 3). Although
widely distributed in the Indian Peninsula,
this cat is facing increasing threats pertaining to habitat loss and conversion of wildlife habitat into human land uses, road kills
and disease
. The species uses forested
landscape as well as found in the human dominated landscapes.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: Pathak, B. J., J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.,
1990, 87(3), 445.
Silva, A. P., Björklund, M., Fernandes, C.
and Mukherjee, S., In International Biogeography Society – 7th Biennial Meeting
(eds Daniel, G. et al.), Bayreuth, Germany,
2015, vol. 6, p. 167
Literature cited 2: Mukherjee, S., Duckworth, J. W., Silva,
A., Appel, A. and Kittle, A., Prionailurus
rubiginosus, The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species 2016, e.T18149A50-
662471; https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.
UK.2016-1.RLTS.T18149A50662471.en
(accessed on 4 February 2023).
Nowell, K. and Jackson, P., Wild cats: status survey and conservation action plan,
IUCN/Species Survival Commission
Cat Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland,
1996.
ID: 66237
Title: Divergence dating and species authentication of the Indian rainbow trout stocks
Author: Walter Devaa Nithaniyal Stalin Vimal Panneerselvam, Ramesh Uthandakalaipandian
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 757-757 25 April (2025)
Subject: Divergence dating and species authentication of the Indian rainbow trout stocks
Keywords: None
Abstract: The endemic range of the rainbow trout
has been extended other American regions
and other continents (Africa, Asia, Australasia and Europe) from the Pacific Ocean
and coastal regions of North America1
. In
India, rainbow trout were introduced in the
late nineteenth century and are highly preferred by anglers for recreational and sport
fishery and as an important aquaculture
species
. They are reared in the Indian uplands and significantly contribute to the
revenue and economy of Jammu and
Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and
Arunachal Pradesh. In Southern India,
trout fisheries were first introduced in
1863 in Ooty in the Western Ghats. Today
rainbow trout is found in a few hilly regions such as Ooty, Kodaikanal and Munnar of the Western Ghats of Southern
India
. Although Oncorhynchus. mykiss
have been successfully introduced and established in Southern India, presently they
are in an endangered state and suitable
conservative measures are underway
.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1: MacCrimmon, H. R., J. Fish. Board Can.,
1971, 28(5), 663–704; https://doi.org/10.
1139/f71-098.
Crawford, S. S. and Muir, A. M., Rev. Fish
Biol. Fish., 2008, 18, 313–344; https://doi.
org/10.1007/s11160-007-9079-1.
Literature cited 2: Sehgal, K. L., In Fish and Fisheries at
Higher Altitudes: Asia, FAO Fisheries
Technical Paper No. 385 (ed. Petr, T.),
FAO, Rome, 1999, p. 304.
Devaa, J. W., Sharma, A. and Uthandakalaipandian, R., Asian Fish. Sci., 2021,
34(4), 344–354; https://doi.org/10.33997/j.
afs.2021.34.4.007.
ID: 66236
Title: Groundwater rights – from individual exploitation to community management
Author: Philippe Cullet
Editor: S.K.Satheesh
Year: 2025
Publisher: Current Science Association and Indian Academy of Sciences.
Source: ENVIS, CES & EWRG, CES
Reference: Current Science Vol. 128 (8) 755-757 25 April (2025)
Subject: Groundwater rights – from individual exploitation to community management
Keywords: None
Abstract: Groundwater is the most critical source of water, but its
regulation remains centred on the use rights of individual
landowners. Furthermore, the limited measures taken to
rapidly address the falling water tables and increasing
groundwater pollution remain structured around the ways to
control use rather than around protection measures at the
aquifer level.
The impending groundwater catastrophe has been identified for decades. Various regulatory measures have been
suggested since the 1970s to address the problems identified, and some laws and directives have been adopted over
the past three decades. Yet, none of the measures implemented have sought to address the principle at the roots of
the current crisis, which gives landowners near absolute
control over groundwater.
Location: T E 15 New Biology building
Literature cited 1:
Literature cited 2: